慢性咳嗽患者小气道病变及气道高反应性对哮喘的预测价值

目的探讨慢性咳嗽患者小气道病变与气道高反应性的相关性及其对早期哮喘的预测价值。方法对广东省中医院呼吸科2004年9月至2006年9月就诊的249例慢性咳嗽患者,用肺功能检测判断有无小气道病变,用支气管激发试验检测其气道反应性;进一步分析小气道病变与气道高反应性之间的相关性及与患者年龄之间的关系。结果249例慢性咳嗽患者中91例有小气道病变,103例患者支气管激发试验阳性;有小气道病变患者的支气管激发试验阳性率(73.63%,67/91)较无小气道病变患者(22.78%,36/158)明显增高,差异有显著性意义(P<0.01)。小气道病变患者中,<40岁组的激发试验阳性率(90.0%,27/30)明显高于≥40岁组(65.57%,40/61),差异有显著性意义(P<0.05)。结论小气道病变是气道高反应性患者的重要特征,可以用来发现早期年轻哮喘患者。     

临床控制的哮喘患者小气道功能和呼出气NO水平测定的临床意义

目的检测临床控制的哮喘患者小气道功能和呼出气一氧化氮(NO)的水平,探讨其临床意义。方法对38例临床控制的哮喘患者做肺功能及呼出气NO浓度测定。选择22例初诊哮喘患者和20例健康者作为对照组。结果 38例临床控制哮喘患者中,小气道功能异常22例(57.9%),正常16例(42.1%),呼出气NO浓度为(30.42±25.35)ppb,显著低于初诊哮喘组[(80.28±45.62)ppb,P0.01],但显著高于健康对照组[(16.15±11.23)ppb,P0.01]。小气道功能异常哮喘患者呼出气NO浓度为(42.29±23.12)ppb,显著高于小气道功能正常患者呼出气NO浓度[(20.54±10.12)ppb,P0.01]。结论临床控制的哮喘患者小气道功能异常可能与气道炎症持续存在有关,测定患者小气道功能和呼出气NO浓度有助于指导哮喘治疗。     

哮喘患者小气道功能与气道高反应性的关系探讨

目的探讨哮喘患者小气道功能与气道高反应性的关系。方法选取可疑哮喘患者164例进行肺通气功能测定及支气管激发试验(BPT),依据激发试验结果分为AHR阴性组(n=34)、轻度组(n=53)、中度组(n=43)及重度组(n=34),收集临床资料,检测FVC%pred、FEV_1%pred、FEV_1/FVC、PEF%pred、FEF25%pred、FEF50%pred、FEF75%pred、FEF25-75%pred水平,分析患者基础小气道功能与气道高反应性之间的相关性,利用受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析小气道功能指标在预测气道反应性中的价值。结果 (1)基础FVC%pred、FEV_1%pred、FEV_1/FVC、PEF%pred、FEF25%pred、FEF50%pred、FEF75%pred、FEF25-75%pred从AHR阴性组、轻度组、中度组到重度组,数值依次递减,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。(2)小气道功能障碍的发生率从AHR阴性组、轻度组、中度组到重度组依次递增,差异有统计学意义(P0.001)。(3)以基础FEF25%pred、FEF50%pred、FEF75%pred、FEF25-75%pred作ROC曲线,曲线下面积(AUC)分别为0.80、0.873、0.833、0.879,均大于0.5,差异有统计学意义(P0.001)。结论哮喘患者基础小气道功能指标与气道高反应性密切相关,且对气道反应程度较低或无反应状态的患者有一定的预测价值。     

小气道功能与支气管激发试验结果的相关分析

目的观察小气道功能异常患者支气管激发试验阳性结果,分析并探讨其临床意义。方法196例支气管激发试验受试者按小气道功能异常情况分为A组和B组,比较两组支气管激发试验结果和吸入支气管舒张剂后肺功能改善的差异。结果 39例有小气道功能异常A组患者中,支气管激发试验阳性33例(84. 6%),显著高于小气道功能正常的B组患者(P 0. 01),且A组吸入支气管舒张剂后小气道功能改善明显低于B组(P 0. 05)。结论针对临床疑似哮喘行支气管激发试验,小气道功能异常患者支气管激发试验阳性率明显升高。     

急性期和慢性期哮喘小鼠模型在哮喘致病过程中的对比研究

目的 比较卵清蛋白(ovalbumin,OVA)诱导的急性期和慢性期哮喘小鼠模型在气道炎症、气道重塑和气道高反应方面的差异,明确在哮喘致病过程中肺组织的病理变化.方法 48只BALB/c小鼠随机分为急性组和慢性组,其中急性组包括正常对照组(A1组)和急性哮喘组(A2组),慢性组包括正常对照组(B1组)和慢性哮喘组(B2组).OVA致敏和激发方法分别构建急性早期哮喘模型和慢性期哮喘模型后,测定气道阻力,BALF细胞计数和分类计数,酶联免疫吸附测定(enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay,ELISA)检测IL-4、IL-5、转化生长因子-β1(transforming growth factor-β1,TGF-β1)、血管内皮生长因子(vascular endothelial growth factor,VEGF)和γ-干扰素(interferon-γ,IFN-γ).HE染色观察气道炎症,AB-PAS和Masson染色测定气道重塑.结果 与正常小鼠相比,A2组和B2组小鼠气道阻力均明显升高,但B2组小鼠气道阻力在基础值即发生明显改变.相比于慢性组哮喘小鼠,急性组哮喘小鼠BALF中细胞总数和嗜酸粒细胞数,IL-4、IL-5和IFN-γ水平,肺组织气道血管周围炎症细胞聚集,以及气道黏液分泌水平等炎症性改变更为明显.相比于A2组,B2组哮喘小鼠BALF中TGF-β1和VEGF水平,气道平滑肌增厚,上皮下胶原沉积,上皮下纤维化等改变更为显著.结论 在急性早期哮喘中主要是以炎症性改变为主,但在哮喘早期即开始出现轻度的重塑性改变;而在慢性期哮喘中虽然存在炎症性改变,但影响哮喘症状的因素却主要以器质性改变为主.     

芍药苷对卵蛋白诱导的哮喘小鼠气道炎症的影响

目的 研究芍药苷对哮喘模型小鼠气道高反应性和气道炎症的影响.方法 以卵蛋白(OVA)致敏和激发小鼠哮喘模型,予地塞米松和低、中、高剂量芍药苷灌胃.测定各组小鼠气道高反应性;检测肺泡灌洗液(BALF)中白细胞、嗜酸性粒细胞、中性粒细胞、淋巴细胞、单核细胞及嗜碱性粒细胞水平;HE染色观察肺部病理变化.结果 芍药苷可明显降低气道高反应性,缓解肺部炎症浸润水平.结论 芍药苷对哮喘小鼠气道高反应性和肺部炎症具有显著的拮抗作用.     

内毒素诱导致敏小鼠建立支气管哮喘动物模型的实验研究

目的 评价用内毒素(LPS)诱导卵清白蛋白(OVA)激发、OVA致敏的小鼠,建立支气管哮喘(简称哮喘)模型的方法.方法 采用随机数字表法将120只BALB/c小鼠分为PBS对照组(A组,PBS致敏PBS激发)、OVA组(B组,OVA敛敏OVA激发)、LPS/LPS小剂量组(C1组,50 μg内毒素致敏50 μg内毒素激发)、LPS/LPS大剂量组(C2组,100μg内毒素敛敏100 μg内毒素激发)、OVA/LPS小剂量组(D1组,OVA致敏、OVA雾化吸入激发结合50 μg内毒素滴鼻诱导)、OVA/LPS大剂量组(D2组,OVA致敏、OVA雾化吸入激发结合100 μg内毒素滴鼻诱导).观察小鼠哮喘急性发作症状,检测BALF细胞分类计数,测定乙酰胆碱激发条件下气道反应性(以肺阻力R_L表示);HE染色观察肺组织病理变化.结果 (1)D1组与D2组小鼠喘息症状加重其中D2组更严重.(2)D1组与D2组BALF中细胞总数、巨噬细胞、淋巴细胞、嗜酸粒细胞、中性粒细胞均明显高于A组(均P<0.05).D1组的白细胞总数、淋巴细胞、嗜酸粒细胞、中性粒细胞均明最高于B组(均P<0.01),D2组的白细胞总数、巨噬细胞、淋巴细胞、中性粒细胞均明显高于B组(均P<0.05).(3)以5 g/L乙酰胆碱激发时,D1组RL[(9.32 4±1.51)cm H_2O·ml~(-1)·s~(-1)(1 cm H_2O=0.098 kPa)]和D2组R_L[(44.21±2.88)cm H_2O·ml~(-1)·s~(-1)]明显高于A组RL[(2.41±0.35)cm H_2O·ml~(-1)·s~(-1)]和B组R_L[(5.96±1.83)cm H_2O·ml~(-1)·s~(-1)],均P<0.01.(4)D1组与D2组呈现较为严重的支气管哮喘病变,其中D2组病变程度明显加重.结论 用内毒素诱导OVA致敏小鼠建立支气管哮喘模型的方法可产牛更严重支气管炎症改变以及明显的气道高反应性.     

哮喘小鼠模型中气道重构的变化及地塞米松的干预作用

目的探讨哮喘小鼠模型中气道重构的变化及地塞米松的干预作用。方法将小鼠随机分成正常对照组、哮喘模型组、地塞米松治疗组(DXM组),每组10只。哮喘组和DXM组给予卵蛋白(OVA)致敏并反复雾化吸入OVA 2周、4周,DXM组腹腔注射DXM。各组分别于末次雾化激发后进行取材,收集肺组织,制作石蜡切片,HE染色观察气道中嗜酸性粒细胞;测定单位气道面积基底膜周径(Pbm)、管壁总面积(WAt)、内壁面积(WA i)、平滑肌面积(WAm);用免疫组织化学方法检测肺组织中CTGF表达水平。采用SPSS 13.0软件进行统计分析。结果哮喘模型组WAt/Pbm、WA i/Pbm、WAm/Pbm及CTGF表达显著高于对照组,给予DXM可显著缓解上述指标的升高。结论气道重构在哮喘发病早期即已出现,并随着病程的延长而加重,使用地塞米松可部分抑制气道重构。     

CD39/ATP轴调控哮喘小鼠肺泡巨噬细胞炎症小体活化的研究

目的 探讨CD39/ATP轴与哮喘肺泡巨噬细胞炎症小体活化之间的关系.方法 采用OVA致敏和激发模式建立Th2优势哮喘小鼠模型;采用LPS联合OVA致敏和OVA激发模式建立Thl7优势哮喘小鼠模型;将CD39抗体经鼻滴入至Th2优势哮喘小鼠,建立CD39阻断的哮喘小鼠模型.实验设立正常对照组、Th2优势哮喘组、Th17优势哮喘组以及CD39阻断组,每组小鼠各10只,共40只.分离各组小鼠肺泡巨噬细胞,采用流式细胞仪检测各组肺泡巨噬细胞CD39的表达,Western Blot检测巨噬细胞炎症小体分子NLRP3和caspase-1的表达,ELISA方法检测肺泡灌洗液中ATP、IL-1β的含量.结果 Th17优势哮喘组以及CD39阻断组小鼠肺泡巨噬细胞CD39表达明显下调,与之对应的是：炎症小体中NLRP3和caspase-1的蛋白表达上调和肺泡灌洗液中ATP、IL-1β含量显著增加.结论 哮喘小鼠肺泡巨噬细胞CD39表达与炎症小体活化之间存在着相关性,推测CD39/ATP轴在调控哮喘小鼠肺泡巨噬细胞炎症小体活化之中发挥重要作用.     

Sunitinib对支气管哮喘气道重塑小鼠模型Erk通路和cyclin D1表达的影响

目的 探讨sunitinib对支气管哮喘(简称哮喘)气道重塑的干预作用及可能的作用机制.方法 18只BALB/c小鼠随机分为对照组、哮喘组以及sunitinib组,每组6只;以卵清蛋白(OVA)致敏、激发,建立慢性哮喘气道重塑模型.Sunitinib组每次雾化吸人前半小时给予sunitinib(40 mg/kg)灌胃给药.OVA末次激发结束后24 h处死小鼠,HE染色观察气道炎症及形态学改变,采用ELISA法检测支气管肺泡灌洗液(BALF)中IL-4、IL-13和血清总IgE的表达,免疫组织化学法观察肺组织增殖细胞核抗原(proliferating cell nuclear antigen,PCNA)、α平滑肌肌动蛋白(a smooth muscle actin,α SMA)表达水平.蛋白印记法(Western blot)测定细胞外信号调节蛋白激酶(extraeellular signal-regulated kinase,Erk)蛋白磷酸化水平及细胞周期蛋白D1(cyclin D1)的表达.结果 HE染色示哮喘组小鼠黏膜下层和平滑肌层增厚,管腔狭窄,大量炎性细胞浸润,sunitinib组上述改变较哮喘组为轻;sunitinib干预后哮喘小鼠BALF中Th2细胞因子IL4、IL-13和血清总IgE以及肺组织羟脯氨酸含量显著降低(P＜0.01).哮喘组小鼠气道PCNA阳性细胞百分比、α-SMA表达及肺组织Erk磷酸化水平、cyclin D1蛋白表达较对照组明显升高(P＜0.01),sunitinib干预后其表达均降低(P＜0.01).结论 Sunitinib可能通过抑制Erk途径影响cyclin D1的表达,抑制了慢性哮喘模型中气道平滑肌的增殖,发挥抗气道重塑作用.     

Gastrin-releasing peptide blockade as a broad-spectrum anti-inflammatory therapy for asthma

Gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP) is synthesized by pulmonary neuroendocrine cells in inflammatory lung diseases, such as bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). Many BPD infants develop asthma, a serious disorder of intermittent airway obstruction. Despite extensive research, early mechanisms of asthma remain controversial. The incidence of asthma is growing, now affecting >300 million people worldwide. To test the hypothesis that GRP mediates asthma, we used two murine models: ozone exposure for air pollution-induced airway hyperreactivity (AHR), and ovalbumin (OVA)-induced allergic airway disease. BALB/c mice were given small molecule GRP blocking agent 77427, or GRP blocking antibody 2A11, before exposure to ozone or OVA challenge. In both models, GRP blockade abrogated AHR and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) macrophages and granulocytes, and decreased BAL cytokines implicated in asthma, including those typically derived from Th1 (e.g., IL-2, TNFα), Th2 (e.g., IL-5, IL-13), Th17 (IL-17), macrophages (e.g., MCP-1, IL-1), and neutrophils (KC = IL-8). Dexamethasone generally had smaller effects on all parameters. Macrophages, T cells, and neutrophils express GRP receptor (GRPR). GRP blockade diminished serine phosphorylation of GRPR with ozone or OVA. Thus, GRP mediates AHR and airway inflammation in mice, suggesting that GRP blockade is promising as a broad-spectrum therapeutic approach to treat and/or prevent asthma in humans.     

Different roles of interleukin-10 in onset and resolution of asthmatic responses in allergen-challenged mice

OBJECTIVE: Although interleukin (IL)-10 is an immunoregulatory cytokine produced by various cells including T cells, its precise role in asthma remains uncertain. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of IL-10 in experimental asthma using ovalbumin (OVA)-sensitized mice. METHODOLOGY: Mice were challenged with OVA aerosol, and airway responsiveness and inflammation were measured. OVA-specific IL-10-producing CD4+ T cells were counted from lung cells collected by enzymatic digestion and stimulated ex vivo with OVA. The effects of an anti-IL-10 antibody on airway responsiveness and inflammation were also evaluated. RESULTS: The OVA challenge caused airway hyperresponsiveness and eosinophilic inflammation. A significant increase in IL-10-producing CD4+ T cells was observed, mainly in the CD45RB(low) subset, for several days after the OVA challenge. Anti-IL-10 antibody treatment before the OVA challenge did not affect eosinophilic inflammation but significantly inhibited airway hyperresponsiveness 24 h after the OVA challenge. However, anti-IL-10 antibody treatment just before the last OVA challenge significantly attenuated the resolution of eosinophilic inflammation without affecting airway responsiveness 2 weeks after the OVA challenge. CONCLUSIONS: Intrinsic IL-10 may have a distinct role in the early and late phases of asthmatic responses. In the early phase, IL-10 induces airway hyperresponsiveness, while in the late phase IL-10 contributes to the resolution of eosinophilic inflammation.     

Protective effect of Bifidobacterium infantis CGMCC313-2 on ovalbumin-induced airway asthma and b-lactoglobulininduced intestinal food allergy mouse models

AIM To determine whether oral administration of Bifidobacterium infantis CGMCC313-2(B. infantis CGMCC313-2) inhibits allergen-induced airway inflammation and food allergies in a mouse model.METHODS Ovalbumin(OVA)-induced allergic asthma and b-lactoglobulin-induced food allergy mouse models were used in this study. Following oral administration of B. infantis CGMCC313-2 during or after allergen sensitization, histopathologic changes in the lung and intestine were evaluated by hematoxylin and eosin(HE) staining. In the allergic asthma mouse model, we evaluated the proportion of lung-infiltrating inflammatory cells. OVAspecific IgE and IgG1 levels in serum and cytokine levels in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid(BALF) were also assessed. In the food allergy mouse model, the levels of total Ig E and cytokines in serum were measured.RESULTS Oral administration of B. infantis CGMCC313-2 during or after allergen sensitization suppressed allergic inflammation in lung and intestinal tissues, while the proportion of infiltrating inflammatory cells was significantly decreased in the BALF of allergic asthma mice. Moreover, B. infantis CGMCC313-2 decreased the serum levels of total Ig E in food allergy mice, and reductions in IgE and IgG1 were also observed in OVA-induced allergic asthma mice. The expression of interleukin-4(IL-4) and IL-13 in both serum and BALF was suppressed following the administration of B. infantis CGMCC313-2, while an effect on serum IL-10 levels was not observed.CONCLUSION B. infantis CGMCC313-2 inhibits the secretion of allergen-induced IgE, IL-4 and IL-13, and attenuates allergic inflammation.     

Adoptive transfer of T-helper cell type 1 clones attenuates an asthmatic phenotype in mice.

T-helper cell type 1 (Th1) cells have been postulated to have a significant role in protective immunity against allergic diseases. However, recent studies using polarised Th1 cells showed conflicting effects on both airway responsiveness and eosinophilic inflammation in a mouse asthma model. The current study explored the effects of adoptive transfer of established Th1 clones on a murine model of atopic asthma. Mice (BALB/c) were sensitised with ovalbumin (OVA) and challenged with aerosolised OVA (5%, 20 min) for 5 days. Just before starting the first challenge, Th1 clones (5x10(6) x body(-1)) or PBS alone were injected via the tail vein. After assessment of airway responsiveness to methacholine, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was obtained. Histological examination, including morphometric analysis, measurement of cytokines in the BALF and Northern blotting of lung chemokines, was also performed. Adoptive transfer of Th1 clones showed a significantly increased total number of cells, whereas significantly decreased eosinophils were found in the BALF, when compared with mice with injection of vehicle alone or splenic mononuclear cells. Administration of Th1 clones significantly decreased the infiltration of eosinophils but increased mononuclear cells in the peribronchial area. Goblet cell hyperplasia and peribronchial fibrosis were also suppressed by Th1 clones. The transfer of Th1 cells significantly decreased airway responsiveness. Th1 injection significantly increased interferon gamma in the BALF, but significantly decreased interleukin (IL)-5 and IL-13. Eotaxin mRNA was predominantly expressed in the lungs of asthma model mice, whereas RANTES (regulated on activation, normal T-cell expressed and secreted) predominates in such mice with Th1 transfer. In conclusion, results suggest that the adoptive transfer of T-helper cell type 1 clones can suppress both lung eosinophilia and airway responsiveness, but increase noneosinophilic inflammation in a mouse model of asthma.     

The effects of antisense interleukin-4 gene transferred by recombinant adeno-associated virus vector on the airway remodeling in allergic rats

Background: Th2-derived cytokines, including interleukin-4 (IL-4), are considered to play an important role in the development of airway remodeling of asthma. Objectives: Our previous study has demonstrated that a recombinant adeno-associated virus containing antisense against IL-4 gene (rAAV-asIL4) vector could significantly suppress the expression of IL-4 protein and airway inflammation in the rat models of allergic asthma. In this study, we applied the rAAV-asIL4 vector to allergic rats to investigate the effects of anti-IL4 therapy on airway remodeling in allergic asthma. Methods: rAAV-asIL4 was used to infect the ovalbumin (OVA)-sensitized and challenged rats by tail-vein injection. IL-4 protein in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The number of eosinophils in BALF was counted. Transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1) and TGF-beta2-positive cells in the peribronchial space were detected by immunohistochemical staining, and collagen deposition beneath the basement membrane was detected by Sirius red stain. The lung tissues were collected for histologic analysis of total bronchial wall area (W_At) and airway smooth muscle area (W_Am). Results: rAAV-asIL4 significantly decreased IL-4 protein in BALF of OVA-sensitized and challenged rats. The number of eosinophils in BALF, the TGF-beta1 and TGF-beta2-positive cells in the peribronchial space were also suppressed. Moreover, the rAAV-asIL4 treatment inhibited the area of Sirius red staining in airways and the increase in W_At and W_Am. Conclusion: These results suggest that rAAV-asIL4 may attenuate the airway remodeling process relevant to the inhibition of airway inflammation. This study provides elementary evidence for the potential utility of rAAV-asIL4 as an approach to gene therapy for asthmatic airway remodeling.     

Inhibitory Effects of Anti-Immunoglobulin E Antibodies on Airway Remodeling in A Murine Model of Chronic Asthma

Background: Airway remodeling is one of the cardinal features of asthma and is thought to play a pivotal role in refractory or persistent asthma. Immunoglobulin E (IgE) has a major effect on the pathogenesis of asthma. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of anti-IgE antibody not only on airway inflammation and bronchial hyperresponsiveness, but also on airway remodeling in a murine model of chronic asthma. Methods: The authors developed a mouse model of chronic asthma in which ovalbumin (OVA)-sensitized female BALB/c-mice were exposed to intranasal OVA administration twice a week for 3 months. Anti-IgE antibodies were administered intravenously starting on the 38th day and once a month thereafter for 3 months during the intranasal OVA challenge. Results: Mice that were chronically exposed to OVA developed sustained eosinophilic airway inflammation and airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) to methacholine and showed increased levels of collagen, hydroxyproline, and α-smooth muscle actin, as compared with control mice. Treatment with anti-IgE antibody inhibited the development of AHR, eosinophilic inflammation, and airway remodeling. Moreover, anti-IgE antibody treatment reduced the levels of interleukin (IL)-5 and IL-13 in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluids, although it did not affect the levels of IL-10, transforming growth factor-β, and activin A. Conclusion: These results suggest that anti-IgE antibody treatment modulates the airway inflammation and remodeling associated with chronic allergen challenge. The inhibition of inflammation may be related to the regulation of Th2 cytokines. However, the mechanisms underlying the blocking of airway remodeling by anti-IgE antibody remain to be elucidated.     

灵芝孢子对支气管哮喘豚鼠引喘潜伏期及类胰蛋白酶释放的影响

目的研究灵芝孢子对支气管哮喘（简称哮喘）豚鼠引喘潜伏期及肥大细胞类胰蛋白释放的影响。方法10％卵蛋白腹腔注射致敏,雾化吸入1％卵蛋白方式诱导复制哮喘动物模型。30只健康豚鼠随机分为对照组（A）、哮喘组（B）、灵芝组（C）3组,每组10只,分别用生理盐水,灵芝孢子灌胃15d。测定哮喘豚鼠的引喘潜伏期及呼气相气道阻力（Re）,计数支气管肺泡灌洗液（BALF）细胞总数及分类,肺组织HE染色和免疫组织化学观察肺组织病理变化及肥大细胞类胰蛋白酶分布情况。结果①灵芝组的引喘潜伏期明显较哮喘模型组延长,Re显著降低（P〈0．05）。②哮喘BALF白细胞总数及嗜酸粒细胞比例较生理盐水组增高（P〈0．05）,肺组织炎性病变明显;灵芝组BALF细胞总数、嗜酸粒细胞比例及肺组织炎性病变明显较哮喘组降低或减轻（P〈0．05）。③哮喘组类胰蛋白酶染色阳性的肥大细胞计数明显较生理盐水组增多（P〈0．05）,主要分布在气道黏膜下,肺泡间隔及血管周围;灵芝组类胰蛋白酶染色阳性的肥大细胞计数较哮喘组显著减少。结论灵芝孢子有延长哮喘豚鼠引喘潜伏期,降低气道阻力,减轻肺组织炎性病变,抑制肥大细胞释放类胰蛋白酶的作用。     

灵芝孢子对支气管哮喘豚鼠引喘潜伏期及类胰蛋白酶释放的影响

目的 研究灵芝孢子对支气管哮喘(简称哮喘)豚鼠引喘潜伏期及肥大细胞类胰蛋白释放的影响.方法 10%卵蛋白腹腔注射致敏,雾化吸入1%卵蛋白方式诱导复制哮喘动物模型.30只健康豚鼠随机分为对照组(A)、哮喘组(B)、灵芝组(C)3组,每组10只,分别用生理盐水,灵芝孢子灌胃15 d.测定哮喘豚鼠的引喘潜伏期及呼气相气道阻力(Re),计数支气管肺泡灌洗液(BALF)细胞总数及分类,肺组织HE染色和免疫组织化学观察肺组织病理变化及肥大细胞类胰蛋白酶分布情况.结果 ①灵芝组的引喘潜伏期明显较哮喘模型组延长,Re显著降低(P＜0.05).②哮喘BALF白细胞总数及嗜酸粒细胞比例较生理盐水组增高(P＜0.05),肺组织炎性病变明显;灵芝组BALF细胞总数、嗜酸粒细胞比例及肺组织炎性病变明显较哮喘组降低或减轻(P＜0.05).③哮喘组类胰蛋白酶染色阳性的肥大细胞计数明显较生理盐水组增多(P＜0.05),主要分布在气道黏膜下,肺泡间隔及血管周围;灵芝组类胰蛋白酶染色阳性的肥大细胞计数较哮喘组显著减少.结论 灵芝孢子有延长哮喘豚鼠引喘潜伏期,降低气道阻力,减轻肺组织炎性病变,抑制肥大细胞释放类胰蛋白酶的作用.     

JNK–TLR9 signal pathway mediates allergic airway inflammation through suppressing melatonin biosynthesis

Toll‐like receptors (TLRs) play pivotal role in the pathogenesis of allergic airway diseases such as asthma. TLR9 is one of the most extensively studied TLRs as an approach to treat asthma. In this study, we investigated the role of TLR9 in the allergic airway inflammation and the underlying mechanism. Wild‐type (WT) mice and TLR9^−/− mice were sensitized and challenged with OVA to establish allergic airway disease model. We found that the expression of TLR9 was elevated concomitantly with airway inflammation post‐OVA challenge, and TLR9 deficiency effectively inhibited airway inflammation, including serum OVA‐specific immunoglobulin E (IgE), pulmonary inflammatory cell recruitment, mucus secretion, and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) inflammatory cytokine production. Meanwhile, the protein expression of hydroxyindole‐o‐methyltransferase (HIOMT) in lung tissues, the level of melatonin in serum, and BALF were reduced in OVA‐challenged WT mice, while these reductions were significantly restored by TLR9 deficiency. Additionally, we showed that although TLR9 deficiency had no effect on OVA‐induced phosphorylation of JNK, inhibition of JNK by specific inhibitor SP600125 significantly decreased OVA‐induced expression of TLR9, suggesting that JNK is the upstream signal molecular of TLR9. Furthermore, SP600125 treatment promoted resolution of allergic airway inflammation in OVA‐challenged WT mice, but not further ameliorated allergic airway inflammation in OVA‐challenged TLR9^−/− mice. Similarly, SP600125 significantly restored the protein expression of HIOMT and the level of melatonin in OVA‐challenged WT mice, while such effect was not further enhanced by TLR9 deficiency. Collectively, our results indicated that JNK–TLR9 signal pathway mediates allergic airway inflammation through suppressing melatonin biosynthesis.