运城市2004年～2007年放射工作人员个人剂量监测结果分析

2004年-2007年4a对1051人次放射工作人员进行了外照射受照剂量监测。结果表明：集体剂量当量1977．77（man．msv），人均年剂量当量1．91msv／a，人均年剂量当量水平呈下降趋势。不同工种的个人剂量水平以诊断X射线工作人员的年剂量相对较高。     

盘锦市放射工作人员个人剂量监测与评价

目的通过个人剂量监测，了解放射工作人员的剂量水平。方法对219名从事放射工作人员进行了个人剂量监测，对监测数据按职业类型、医院等级及不同地区进行了分析。结果不同职业的放射工作人员人均年剂量当量为4．29—1．51mSv／a；不同级别医院的放射工作人员人均年剂量当量为2．93—2．08mSv／a；不同地区的放射工作人员人均年剂量当量为2．81—1．97mSv／a。结论介入放射学，乡镇医院及县级所属单位放射工作人员人均年剂量当量高于其他部门，但均在国家卫生标准以下。     

宁夏地区二十年间放射工作人员受照剂量的分析评价

目的通过对放射工作人员个人剂量监测,分析放射工作人员受照水平,评价放射防护状况及放射线对放射工作人员的健康影响。方法采用国际上普遍使用的热释光剂量法。对放射工作人员佩带的个人剂量计,定期回收用UD-502B热释光剂量仪进行测读,对监测结果用年剂量当量(mSv/a)[注1]进行分析,分析评价不同时期、不同受照类型放射工作人员的受照水平。结果1985-2005年宁夏地区放射工作人员个人剂量监测共3501人次,人均年剂量当量为1.74 mSv/a,其中94.37%人次年剂量当量值低于5 mSv/a,0.54%人次年剂量当量超过限值。不同受照类型放射工作人员年剂量当量均值:医用诊断X射线为1.19 mSv/a,核医学为2.25 mSv/a,放射治疗为1.02mSv/a,其它项目为3.49 mSv/a,介入放射医学为12.55 mSv/a。结论1985年到2005年每年的人均年剂量当量基本保持平稳,各年人均年剂量当量均值低于“放射工作人员剂量当量限值[注2]”[1]的十分之一,介入放射医学已成为放射工作人员受照剂量的主要来源。     

鹤壁市2013年放射工作人员个人剂量监测结果分析

目的:了解鹤壁市放射工作人员个人剂量水平。方法:采用热释光剂量方法,对监测数据利用SPSS 10.0统计软件进行分析。结果:鹤壁市2013年共监测各类放射工作人员159人,人均年剂量当量(0.53±9.41)mSv/a,低于国家规定的年剂量当量的限值。结论:乡镇卫生院放射工作人员及介入手术工作人员是个人剂量的最大贡献者,应加大监督管理力度,提高放射工作人员自我防护意识。     

宁夏环境氡及其子体的变化规律

据联合国原子辐射效应科学委员会(UNSCEAR)1988年的最新估计,氡(Rn)及其短寿命子体对广大居民产生的年有效剂量当量为1.1msv,约为天然本底辐射人均年有效剂量当量2.4msv的一半。氡是造成呼吸系统疾患和肺癌的主要病因。国际学     

放射工作人员个人剂量水平监测分析

①目的 通过对唐山市放射人员进行个人剂量水平监测, 探讨唐山市放射工作人员防护状况,为评价防护效果提供理论依据.②方法 采用热释光测量法测量.③结果 年人均剂量当量为(0.69～0.62)mSv/a;2年平均年剂量当量0.65mSv/a,从事X射线诊断人员剂量当量最高,乡镇卫生院监测率最低为46.3%,同时年人均剂量当量最高达0.96mSv.④结论 我市放射工作人员目前接受的职业照射水平是较低的,处于全国较低水平,说明我市放射职业人员的健康是有保障的.     

运城市1992～1999年放射工作人员个人剂量监测结果分析

1992～1999年8年间对1596人次的放射工作人员进行了外照射受照剂量监测.结果表明:集体剂量当量3367.74(man·mSv).人均年剂量当量2.11mSv·a-1,且年人均剂量当量水平呈下降趋势.不同工种的个人剂量水平以工业探伤工作人员的年均剂量相对较高.8年来97.43%的受测人员受照剂量在5mSv以下,仅16人年受照剂量超过15mSv.     

包头市2003年放射工作人员个人剂量水平

目的:调查包头市放射工作人员个人剂量水平.方法:放射工作人员佩戴个人剂量计,采用热释光剂量法进行监测.结果:共检测放射工作人员283人,其中91.5%的受检者年受照剂量在5mSv以下,8.5%的年受照剂量在5～15 mSv;实测集体剂量当量为729.55人*mSv;年均个人剂量当量为258 mSv.不同工种的放射工作人员人均年剂量当量分布由高到低依次为:工业探伤>医用诊断X射线>核医学.不同级别医院之间放射工作人员所受照剂量水平由高到低依次为:区县＞厂矿＞市级＞个体.结论:我市放射工作人员的人均年有效剂量远低于国家规定的剂量限值,说明我市放射工作人员的工作环境还是比较安全的.     

运城市1992～1999年放射工作人员个人剂量监测结果分析

1992～1999年8年间对1596人次的放射工作人负进行了外照射受照剂量监测。结果表明:集体剂量当量3367.74(man·mSv)。人均年剂量当量2.11mSv·a~(-1),且年人均剂量当量水平呈下降趋势。不同工种的个人剂量水平以工业探伤工作人员的年均剂量相对较高。8年来97.43％的受测人员受照剂量在5mSv以下,仅16人年受照剂量超过15mSv。     

盐城市放射工作人员近6年个人剂量分析与评价

目的调查盐城市近6年4 641人次放射工作人员个人剂量。方法应用热释光个人剂量计检测放射工作人员辐射剂量。结果除2008年人均年剂量（1.093 mSv/a）稍高于2003年全国放射工作人员人均个人剂量水平（0.977 mSv/a）外,其他年份均低于全国放射工作人员人均个人剂量水平;其中95%的放射工作人员个人年剂量低于国家放射工作人员个人年剂量限值（20 mSv/a）的1/10,超过这个年剂量限值人数为零。不同工种的放射工作人员个人剂量对集体剂量贡献最大的是放射诊断工作人员,人均个人年剂量最高的是核医学工作人员。此外,市区放射工作人员人均年剂量明显低于县（市、区）以下工作单位的放射工作人员。结论盐城市放射工作人员个人受照剂量在国家规定的安全范围内。     

Indoor 222Rn Levels and Effectiv Dose Estimation of Academic Staff in izmir-Turkey

Objective To investigate the annual effective doses from indoor radon received by academic staff in the Faculty building. Methods Measurements of indoor radon concentrations were performed in the Arts and Sciences Faculty of Dokuz Eylul University for two surveys of about 1 month duration respectively using the SSNTD （Solid State Nuclear Track Detectors） method with LR115 detectors. Time integrated measurements comprised different locations inside the faculty building： classrooms, toilets, canteen and offices. Homes of academic staff were also tested for radon. Results The aritthmetic mean radon concentration is 161 Bq m-3 with a range between 40 and 335 Bq m-3 in the Faculty. Six offices and three classrooms have a radon concentration above 200 Bq m-3. The results show that the radon concentration in classrooms is generally higher than in offices. Based on the measured indoor radon data, the annual effective doses received by staff in the Faculty were estimated to range from 0.79 to 4.27 mSv, according to UNSCEAR methodology. The annual effective doses received by staff ranged from 0.78 to 4.20 mSv in homes. On average, the Faculty contributed 56% to the annual effective dose. Conclusion Reported values for radon concentrations and corresponding doses are within the ICRP recommended limits for workplaces.     

Indoor~(222)Rn Levels and Effective Dose Estimation of Academic Staff in izmir-Turkey

Objective To investigate the annual effective doses from indoor radon received by academic staff in the Faculty building.Methods Measurements of indoor radon concentrations were performed in the Arts and Sciences Faculty of Dokuz Eylul University for two surveys of about 1 month duration respectively using the SSNTD(Solid State Nuclear Track Detectors) method with LR115 detectors.Time integrated measurements comprised different locations inside the faculty building:classrooms,toilets,canteen and offices.Homes of academic staff were also tested for radon.Results The arithmetic mean radon concentration is 161 Bq m~(-3) with a range between 40 and 335 Bq m"3 in the Faculty.Six offices and three classrooms have a radon concentration above 200 Bq m~(-3).The results show that the radon concentration in classrooms is generally higher than in offices.Based on the measured indoor radon data,the annual effective doses received by staff in the Faculty were estimated to range from 0.79 to 4.27 mSv,according to UNSCEAR methodology.The annual effective doses received by staff ranged from 0.78 to 4.20 mSv in homes.On average,the Faculty contributed 56%to the annual effective dose.Conclusion Reported values for radon concentrations and corresponding doses are within the ICRP recommended limits for workplaces.     

Control of methadone dosage by patients.

Patients in a methadone clinic were given knowledge and control of their own dosages. Dosages could be changed by 5 mg/week, but if more than 50 mg was used, no take-home privileges were allowed. The maximum dosage permitted was 120 mg. Plasma methadone levels were determined for some patients. The result of the study was that there was little dosage change, with the median dosage increasing from 40 to 50 mg at the end of six months. A small group of patients did raise their dosages systematically, and these patients tended to decrease illicit opiate use. There was no indication that these patients had abnormally low plasma methadone levels. At the end of six months, patients and staff overwhelmingly preferred an open-dose self-adjustment system over the usual procedure of dosage management by professional staff and dosage changes achieved by negotiation.     

Quality assurance of drug therapy in hospitals: patient serum creatinine values used by ward pharmacists in checking dosage regimens.

A programme for the systematic adjustment of drug dosage in hospital patients with impairment of renal function is described. This programme involves the efficient identification of patients with elevated serum levels of creatinine, the checking of dosage regimens for these patients in terms of known pharmacokinetic data, and advising of medical officers when dosage regimens are in excess of those recommended, or where contraindicated drugs have been prescribed. The procedure, which has been shown to be both workable and effective in a large teaching hospital over a period of more than two years, serves as a model for quality assurance of an aspect of drug treatment with existing staff and with no additional capital costs.     

Current problems in national hospitals of Phnom Penh: finance and health care

The current problems in Cambodia's national hospitals subsist in a geographic imbalance in the location of staff and health facilities, and low staff motivation largely due to inadequate payment. This paper aims to investigate the associations among hospital performance, hospital finances, and other related issues in five national hospitals in Phnom Penh, using annual reports of the five hospitals and annual statistics of the Ministry of Health, from 2000 to 2004. The bed occupancy rates (BOR), average lengths of stay (ALS), hospital mortality rates (HMR), maternal and neonatal mortality rates, numbers of patients, main health problems of inpatients, numbers of health personnel, staff incentives, and annual hospital income were used in this study as indicators of five hospitals in Phnom Penh city. The ALS varied from 3.8 to 9 days. The numbers of health personnel (physician, medical assistant, secondary nurses, primary nurses, secondary midwives, and primary midwives) per 100 beds were from 114 to 282. Supplemental salary per staff also differed greatly among these hospitals; the salaries were the highest at Calmette hospital (US$ 212.8) and the lowest at Preah Kossamak (US$ 12.4). In the five hospitals, the average BOR was 58.8%, and the mean of total annual income was US$ 1,427,852 per year. Although not significant, there was a tendency for higher supplemental salaries to be associated with higher BOR (Spearman rank correlation coefficient 0.70, p = 0.188). This study showed the differences in the hospital indicators among five national hospitals in Phnom Penh city, and the tendency of higher BOR in the hospitals paying higher supplemental salaries to the staff. Higher supplemental salary to the staff seemed to contribute the better hospital performance.     

基于网络的伤医事件舆情分析

目的：探讨基于网络的暴力伤医事件特征、原因及其舆情特点。方法：从互联网新闻页面中获取数据,运用网络内容分析法,从事件的年度分布、地区分布、原因、人员伤亡及各网络主体态度等方面进行分析。结果：基于网络的伤医事件由2003年的1件增至2012年的31件,主要分布全国18个省级区域,粤、京、川等地发生了6次以上;医务人员死伤105人,占93.69%;53%的伤医事件源于患方不满意医疗效果。结论：网络技术的发展使信息传播更加方便与快捷,引发网络舆情的伤医事件有增多的趋势,且呈现出无征兆、直接对抗、泛医护人员伤亡等特点。在舆情方面,伤医事件易成为热点事件,负性影响大。医疗机构应注意防范伤医事件的发生,并积极引导舆情健康发展。     

医院PET-CT中心18F正电子放射性药物生产及使用中工作人员的辐射剂量监测

目的 研究以18F-脱氧葡萄糖（18F-FDG）为代表的正电子放射性药物在生产和使用过程中医务人员的辐射剂量,为临床辐射防护提供参考数据。方法 测量18例工作人员在制药、质控、分装、传送、注射及摆位的工作流程中手、胸部的当量剂量率（d）及操作时间（t）,并结合不同年检查工作量（w）估算各工作场所工作人员的年受照剂量。结果 估算得到年检查工作量为1000、4000、7000和10000例时,不同工作环节工作人员的累计年剂量为质控0.27mSv,分装0.02～0.20mSv,传送0.06～0.58mSv,注射2.49～24.9 mSv,摆位1.19～11.91mSv。结论 在现有防护设施和操作条件下, 分装和注射是接受剂量较高的工作环节。当年检查工作量在4000例以上时,从事分装工作的人员手部受照剂量超过国家标准关于职业个人年剂量限值的规定;当年检查工作量在10000例时,从事注射的人员年有效剂量亦超过相关国家标准的规定。     

服药提醒APP的开发及其提高服药依从性的研究

基于Android平台设计开发一款服药提醒APP,可以快速设置个性化的服药提醒和记录患者的服药时刻等信息,并使用该APP来提高和研究被试的服药依从性.14例被试者参加了该APP的服药依从性评价实验,运用药片计数法研究使用和不使用该APP时被试的服药量和服药率差异.对被试在两种情况下的服药量和服药率进行Wilcoxon匹配样本符号秩和检验,结果显示使用该APP时的服药量和服药率明显高于不使用APP的情况,差异有统计学意义(Z=-2.93,P=0.003).实验结果表明使用该服药提醒APP确实可以提高被试的用药量和服药率.该方法的使用为临床研究提供了更加丰富的技术手段,也为广大医务工作人员和患者减轻了负担.     

1年生黄芪超微粉对环磷酰胺所致小鼠免疫抑制和肾毒效应的影响

[目的]观察1年生黄芪超微粉对环磷酰胺所致小鼠免疫抑制和肾脏毒副作用的影响.[方法]取昆明种小鼠随机分为正常对照组、模型组及小、大剂量1年生黄芪超微粉组,分别灌胃给予自来水或2,4 g/kg 1年生黄芪超微粉混悬液,连续11 d,第5,10日腹腔注射给予正常对照组等量生理盐水,其余各组均腹腔注射给予环磷酰胺80 mg/kg,第11日测定每组小鼠免疫器官指数、外周血白细胞计数和血尿素氮含量;取昆明种小鼠按照上述方法分组并给药,第3,6,9日除正常对照组外各组均腹腔注射给予环磷酰胺80 mg/kg,第10日测定肾组织丙二醛含量.[结果]与正常对照组比较,模型组小鼠胸腺、脾脏指数及外周血白细胞计数均明显降低,肾组织丙二醛含量明显升高;与模型组比较,小、大剂量1年生黄芪超微粉组胸腺指数及外周血白细胞计数均明显升高,肾组织丙二醛含量明显降低,大剂量1年生黄芪超微粉组血尿素氮含量明显降低.[结论]1年生黄芪超微粉可提高环磷酰胺所致免疫抑制小鼠免疫功能,减轻环磷酰胺对肾脏的毒副作用.     

基于目标管理和KPI的图书馆部门岗位绩效考核体系的构建

介绍了国内外图书馆绩效考核制度。根据解放军医学图书馆数据库研发部存在的问题制定了部门年度工作目标和关键绩效指标,设计了部门绩效考核指标体系。试行结果表明,部门绩效考核制度的执行有利于调动员工的工作积极性,有利于促进部门产品生产和改进,有利于保证部门工作目标的顺利实现。