脊髓血管畸形病变磁共振成像技术分析

目的 探讨脊髓血管畸形(SVM)病变的磁共振成像技术方法及临床应用价值.方法 回顾分析16例椎管内SVM患者资料,并由DSA检查证实.使用GE Signa 1.5T EXCITE HD磁共振机,GE ADW4.3工作站进行图像后处理,磁共振脉冲序列:矢状面T1WI、T2WI,轴位T2WI及斜冠状面CE-MRA.扫描完后将数据传至工作站,进行图像后处理,观察椎管内SVM的磁共振影像学特征.结果 16例椎管内SVM中,椎管内血管流空现象是椎管内SVM特征性MRI表现,CE-MRA常显示为蚯蚓样或杂乱无章高信号影.结论 MR对诊断椎管内SVM病变安全可靠,可作为首选筛查方法.     

小腿加压3.0T MRA评估糖尿病下肢血管病变的价值探讨

目的 以DSA为金标准评价小腿加压法3.0 T 增强磁共振血管成像(CE-MRA)在糖尿病下肢血管病变的应用价值.方法 对61例2型糖尿病合并下肢血管病变患者进行双下肢MRA检查,患者平均病程(11.6±6.0)年.使用3.0 T CE-MRA,其中小腿袖带加压后成像者(即加压组)31例,常规成像者30例(即常规组),...     

三维增强磁共振血管成像在肝移植中的临床应用

目的:探讨三维增强磁共振血管成像(3D CE-MRA)对原位肝移植(OLT)出入肝脏的血管进行术前评估及术后监测的价值.方法:回顾性分析我院肝移植患者术前20例及术后13例患者的3D CE-MRA图像,包括血管主干及其分支的显示、癌栓及血管狭窄的情况.结果:所有患者3D CE-MRA检查均获成功,其MRI图像重组后可以很好地显示肝动脉、肝静脉、门静脉及下腔静脉的走行、癌栓及血管变异情况.结论:3D CE-MRA具有无创、安全、快捷、准确、无辐射等优点,是原位肝移植术前评估及术后监测的首选检查方法.     

3.0T磁共振CE-MRA在腹部至下肢动脉疾病中的应用价值

目的探讨3.0T超强磁场磁共振三维增强MRA(3D CE-MRA)对腹部、盆腔、下肢血管病变的诊断价值。方法使用GE EXCITEⅡ3.0T双梯度超导磁共振,对61例拟诊腹部至下肢血管病变的受检者行3D CE-MRA检查,其中36例行DSA检查。将腹部至下肢血管分为腹主动脉、髂总动脉、髂外动脉、髂内动脉、股浅动脉、股深动脉、腘动脉、胫前动脉、胫后动脉、腓动脉10个部分,由2位影像学专家独立对3D CE-MRA和DSA资料作出分析。结果61例受检者腹部至下肢血管3D CE-MRA成像均获得满意效果,血管显示清晰。8.2%(5/61)受检者未见异常,91.8%(56/61)受检者显示共计601段血管病变,其中动脉粥样斑块43.4%(261/601),动脉狭窄22.0%(132/601),动脉闭塞29.5%(177/601);动脉迂曲2.7%(16/601);动脉瘤1.5%(9/601);动脉夹层0.5%(3/601);肿瘤压迫或包绕血管0.5%(3/601)。36例3D CE-MRA与DSA比较,3D CE-MRA显示髂总动脉、髂外动脉、股浅动脉、腘动脉、腓动脉血管病变阳性检出率无差异(P>0.05),动脉粥样斑块、动脉狭窄及动脉闭塞3种血管病变显示无差异(P>0.05)。3D CE-MRA显示腹主动脉粥样斑块病变多于DSA(χ2=5.94,P=0.01),髂内动脉、股深动脉、胫前动脉、胫后动脉病变阳性检出率高于DSA(P<0.05),以DSA为标准,3D CE-MRA存在高估。结论3D CE-MRA是一种有效的评价腹部至下肢动脉疾病的方法,其诊断价值可与DSA相媲美,尤其对直径较大的腹主动脉至腘动脉主干(1~3级血管)可基本代替DSA。     

手动脉非增强磁共振血管成像的初步临床应用

目的 初步探讨基于血流敏感散相(FSD)和平衡稳态自由进动(SSFP)的非增强磁共振血管成像(NCE-MRA)技术在显示类风湿性关节炎患者手动脉的临床应用价值。资料与方法 22例类风湿性关节炎患者采用1.5T成像系统进行手动脉NCE-MRA和增强磁共振血管成像(CE-MRA)检查。对手动脉(划分为腕部、掌部和指部3个血管节段)的图像质量进行评分,并对图像信噪比(SNR)、对比度噪声比(CNR)和血管边缘锐利度进行测量。将NCE-MRA和CE-MRA的图像质量和测量值进行统计学比较。结果 22例患者24只手均成功完成NCE-MRA和动态CE-MRA检查。72个血管节段中,NCE-MRA有69个动脉节段的图像质量具有诊断意义,明显高于CE-MRA(96%比83%,P<0.05)。此外,NCE-MRA在手动脉各个部位的图像质量以及SNR、CNR和血管锐利度均优于CE-MRA(P<0.05)。结论 NCE-MRA能清楚地显示手动脉的各个分支,图像质量优于动态CE-MRA,对手动脉病变的诊断具有较好的临床应用潜力。     

非增强MRA诊断糖尿病下肢血管病变的临床价值

目的:评价基于血流敏感散相(FSD)和平衡稳态自由进动(bSSFP)技术的非增强磁共振血管成像(NC-MRA)诊断糖尿病下肢动脉病变的临床价值.方法:42例糖尿病患者在临床常规下肢动脉增强磁共振血管成像(CE-MRA)检查之前进行非增强磁共振血管成像(NC-MRA),扫描范围为双侧小腿,包括胫前动脉、胫后动脉及腓动脉3...     

DCE-MRI结合DWI对颈部淋巴结病变的鉴别诊断价值

目的 探讨动态增强磁共振成像(DCE-MRI)结合扩散加权成像(DWI)在颈部良、恶性淋巴结病变鉴别诊断中的价值.方法 搜集经病理或临床证实的颈部淋巴结肿大患者40例,其中恶性淋巴结24例(44枚),良性淋巴结16例(26枚),行DCE-MRI及STIR-EPI-DWI序列扫描,分析两种病变动态增强特征性参数及T-SI曲线类型的特性,分析DWI的信号表现及ADC值特点.结果 Ⅰ型、Ⅱ型及Ⅲ型T-SI曲线在颈部良、恶性淋巴结组间分布不同,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).若以Ⅰ型作为诊断恶性标准,Ⅱ型及Ⅲ型作为诊断良性标准,其敏感性为59.09％、特异性为92.31％、准确性为71.43％、阳性预测值为92.86％、阴性预测值为57.14％.若以Ⅰ型及Ⅱ型作为诊断恶性标准,Ⅲ型作为诊断良性标准,其敏感性为88.64％、特异性为57.69％、准确性为77.14％、阳性预测值为78％、阴性预测值为75％.恶性淋巴结平均至峰值时间较良性淋巴结短,恶性淋巴结最大上升斜率较良性淋巴结高,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).良、恶性淋巴在DWI图像上均表现为高信号,良性淋巴结的平均ADC值为(1.072±0.245)×10-3mm2/s,恶性淋巴结的平均ADC值为(0.875 ±0.240)×10-3mm2/s,良性淋巴结组的平均ADC值高于恶性淋巴结组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 联合应用DCE-MRI和DWI,有助于颈部良、恶性淋巴结的鉴别,有一定的临床应用价值.     

Test-bolus、K空间中心填充法及并行采集技术在颈部动脉3DCEMRA中的应用

目的 探讨Test-bolus法、K空间中心填充法及并行采集技术在颈部动脉三维对比增强磁共振血管成像(3DCEMRA)中的应用.资料与方法 对87例可疑颈部动脉病变的患者行3DCEMRA,步骤为:(1)确定扫描延迟时间:用Test-bolus法测量对比剂到达主动脉弓的峰值时间,扫描数据采用K空间中心填充法,得到扫描延迟时间=峰值时间.(2)用GRAPPA并行采集技术缩短扫描时间.(3)3DCEMRA扫描.(4)对图像用最大信号强度投影(MIP)法三维重组,将图像质量分为3个等级,Ⅰ级为动脉信号均匀,显影清晰,静脉几乎不显影;Ⅱ级为动脉信号均匀,显影清晰,静脉轻度显影(信号强度小于动脉信号);Ⅲ级为动脉信号不均匀,静脉明显显影(信号强度等于或高于动脉信号).评价图像质量及病变显示情况.结果 以2 ml/s的流率注射对比剂,到达主动脉弓的峰值时间为11～28 s,平均为19 s.87例患者颈动脉图像质量分级:Ⅰ级者82例(94.25%),Ⅱ级者5例(5.75%),Ⅲ级者0例.87例患者中15例(17.24%)显示颈部动脉无异常.72例(82.76%)共186个血管段有病变,其中动脉轻度狭窄占26.88%(50/186),中度狭窄占23.12%(43/186),重度狭窄占41.94%(78/186),椎动脉迂曲占1.61%(3/186).结论 利用Test-bolus技术、K空间中心填充法确定最佳扫描延迟时间,用并行采集技术缩短扫描时间,能获得高浓度、高分辨率、大范围的高质量颈动脉图像,对颈动脉疾病的诊断和治疗有重要意义.     

对比剂增强的磁共振血管成像技术对比数字减影血管造影在颈部动脉诊断中的应用

目的：回顾性分析透视触发对化剂增强的磁共振血管成像（CE-MRA）技术对颈部血管的应用,与数字减影血管造影（DSA）对比,探讨其敏感性及应用价值。方法收集2011-2012年经MRA检查患者中临床表现有脑供血异常,疑颅内、颈内动脉或椎动脉狭窄、均进行透视触发CE-MRA和DSA检查的病例资料共28例进行分析。结果 CE-MRA检出狭窄部位30处,其中狭窄程度50％以上14处,完全闭塞6处,50％以下10处。 DSA检出狭窄部位28处,其中狭窄程度50％以上8处,完全闭塞4处,50％以下16处。2处MRA疑轻度狭窄,DSA未见异常;2处MRA示完全闭塞（颈内动脉）,而DSA示狭窄率90％以上。结论透视触发CE-MRA简便易行,敏感性与特异性均较高,可以作为可疑颈部及颅内动脉狭窄患者的首选检查方法。     

3.0T磁共振动态增强扫描显示乳腺肿瘤血管与微血管密度的相关性

目的 探讨乳腺肿瘤MR动态增强扫描显示肿瘤血管分级与微血管密度在鉴别乳腺良、恶性肿瘤方面的应用价值.方法 术前对70例乳腺肿瘤患者进行磁共振动态增强扫描检查,术后应用免疫组化方法检测乳腺肿瘤组织内微血管密度,并分析其与磁共振显示的肿瘤血管之间的相关性.结果 乳腺恶性肿瘤组织的血管分级以Ⅱ～Ⅲ级为主,良性肿瘤以Ⅰ～Ⅱ级为主,把Ⅱ～Ⅲ级与0～Ⅰ级肿瘤的术后病理标本以CD105 和CD34标记的微血管密度进行比较,有显著性差异(P＜0.05).结论 CD105标记的微血管密度和磁共振动态增强扫描显示的血管形态分级可用于判断乳腺肿瘤血管生成的活性,可作为术前鉴别乳腺良、恶性肿瘤的有效方法.     

Optimization of the system of medical service of students of Cadet Schools of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation

One of the factors of the successful military career guidance Cadet schools students is preserving and promoting their health. Medical support of children and adolescents aged 10-17 years should include the full range of medical and preventive measures defined for this group. The state of providing outpatient care for pupils at the Cadet School in St. Petersburg was studied. These results show that full medical care in accordance with the standards can be based only on children's health clinics. It is important that the organization of medical support pupils cadet schools should be cooperate with civilian health care.     

带状疱疹83例误诊原因分析

带状疱疹是由水痘—带状疱疾病毒引起的皮肤科常见疾病。其主要的病理损害,一是受累神经的严重炎症性浸润,继而导致受侵犯神经节内神经细胞变性、坏死;二是皮肤的水泡。迅速抑制神经节和相应的感觉神经纤维的充血、水肿和坏死,防止粘连形成,达到迅速镇痛、改善皮损,缩短病程及防止后遗症的发生是治疗的关键。因而,尽早明确诊断,     

Estimation of accumulated dose of radiation by method of ESR-spectrometry of dental enamel of mammals

ESR-spectrometry was used to investigate radiation-induced paramagnetic centers in enamel of mammals: carnivores (polar bear and fox), ungulates (reindeer, European bison, moose), and man. Values at half the microwave power saturation of the radiation signal, P_1/2, evaluated at room temperature, was found to range from 16 to 26 mW for animals and man. A new approach to discrimination of the radiation induced signal from the total ESR spectrum of reindeer enamel is proposed. ‘Dose-response’ dependencies of enamel of different species mammals were measured within the dose range from 0.48 up to 10.08 Gy. Estimations of ‘radiosensitivity’ enamel of carnivores and ungulates showed good agreement with radiosensitivity enamel of man by ESR method.     

Analysis of the results of the international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of Fe

The results of an international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of ⁵⁵Fe organized by the BIPM in 2005 are reported and analysed. This exercise, which follows the procedures of the CIPM mutual recognition arrangement to update older comparisons, is a renewal of the comparison organized by the BIPM that took place in 1978. A EUROMET comparison was organized in 1996 specifically to compare activity measurements of a ⁵⁵Fe solution by means of liquid-scintillation techniques. Results of these three comparisons are presented and discussed in this paper.

The radionuclide solution was provided by the NPL, which also distributed the samples to the participants. The activity of the ampoules was measured by 16 laboratories using 12 methods producing 25 results. Some general considerations on uncertainty assessments pertaining to the different techniques used are drawn. The outcome of four different estimators is compared from which the presence of at least one outlier can be confirmed. Further measurements should be made to try to reduce the discrepancy between the results. To date the outcome of the present comparison does not show an improvement to that of the 1996 comparison.     

Evaluation of the results of various technics of non-surgical therapy of varicocele

A new method of non-surgical treatment of varicocele syndrome is described: it consists in sclerotherapy of spermatic vein by trans-femoral percutaneous catheterization with balloon-catheters. In 8 cases venous thrombosis has been induced by direct electric clotting. The techniques and a 6 months follow-up are discussed. It is pointed out that this procedure should be considered as the method of choice for tubular lesions and sub-fertility prophylaxis in young people and in childhood.     

延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因分析

目的探讨延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因和预防措施.方法回顾性分析总结12例延迟性脾破裂中的诊断和误漏诊的经验与教训.结果本组延迟性脾破裂的误漏诊5例(41.66%).对多发伤与脾破裂并存可能认识不足,外伤史轻微或伤员隐瞒外伤史,缺乏腹痛-缓解-突然再腹痛的典型病史,缺乏“对冲性脾破裂”力学分析和整体化诊断思路等为其误漏诊的主要原因.结论详细的外伤史和全面系统检查,重视腹以外多发伤掩盖腹内脏器伤及延迟性脾破裂可能.确立外伤-腹内脏器伤-脾破裂整体化诊断思路.不间断地辅以B超检查脾形态学变化和腹内有无积液,腹腔穿刺确定有无血腹、X线胸腹部检查观察左侧胸肋角和膈肌运动情况、必要时CT检查以尽早发现脾包膜下血肿,降低延迟性脾破裂误漏诊率.