鹿城区市售蔬果和茶叶中拟除虫菊酯类农药残留状况调查

目的了解温州市鹿城区市售蔬果和茶叶中拟除虫菊酯类农药残留状况。方法于2014—2018年采用方便抽样方法采集鹿城区市售蔬菜样品275份,水果120份,茶叶45份,采用气相色谱法检测联苯菊酯、甲氰菊酯、氯氟氰菊酯、氟氯氰菊酯、氯氰菊酯、氰戊菊酯和溴氰菊酯7种拟除虫菊酯类农药残留,并依据GB 2763—2016 《食品中农药最大残留限量》判定超标情况。结果 440份样品中,检出拟除虫菊酯类农药177份,检出率为40.23%;超标7份,超标率为1.59%。蔬果拟除虫菊酯类农药检出率为10.38%;超标6份,超标率为1.52%。其中水果检出率为34.17%,超标率为1.67%;蔬菜检出率为37.09%,超标率为1.45%;茶叶检出率为75.56%,超标率为2.22%。茶叶中联苯菊酯检出率最高,为68.89%;蔬果中氯氰菊酯检出率最高,为17.72%。不同采样地点蔬果、茶叶样品检出率差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论鹿城区市售蔬果和茶叶中拟除虫菊酯类农药检出率较高,超标率较低。     

2012年曲靖市蔬菜中农药残留情况

目的 了解曲靖市市售蔬菜中拟除虫菊酯类、有机磷类农药的残留现状.方法 随机抽取80份蔬菜样品,按照国家标准检测方法GB/T 5009.145-2003和GB/T 5009.146-2003进行农药残留检测;依据GB 2763-2005《食品中农药最大残留限量》进行限量值评价.结果 检出阳性农药13种,4种超标,分别为氯氟氰菊酯、敌敌畏、甲胺磷、毒死蜱.拟除虫菊酯总检出率52.5％,超标率2.5％;有机磷类农药总检出率23.75％,超标率6.25％.结论 该市蔬菜农药残留现象不容乐观,拟除虫菊酯类农药检出率较高,应加强农药残留监测,保证市民食用蔬菜的安全.     

北京市大兴区2007—2009年部分蔬菜水果中农药残留状况

目的对北京市大兴区市售部分食品农药残留的品种和残留量进行监测和分析,了解食品中农药的污染状况。方法 2007—2009年在区内随机抽取蔬菜、水果与茶叶等食品115份,检测有机磷、有机氯等农药残留量18项,拟除虫菊酯类农药残留量8项,氨基甲酸酯类农药残留量7项,将检测结果与国家相关标准对照。结果食品中农药残留量的检出率和超标率分别为29.6%和9.6%。叶类蔬菜、水果菇与茶叶类、瓜果豆类蔬菜检出率分别为45.5%、32.0%、2.9%,差异有统计学意义（P=0.000）;在农药中乐果和联苯菊酯检出率最高,分别为5.2%和6.1%;对硫磷和三氯杀螨醇超标率最高,为3.5%（4/115）。结论大兴区市售蔬菜、水果与茶叶存在农药污染现象,在蔬菜中有违规使用对硫磷和三氯杀螨醇现象,拟除虫菊酯类农药在韭菜、油菜和水果中残留较高。应加强果蔬类在种植及销售环节的监测与安全管理,降低农药残留对人群的危害。     

市售蔬菜中拟除虫菊酯农药监测

目的 研究2008年深圳市光明新区蔬菜中拟除虫菊酯农药残留状况. 方法2008年的3月、6月、9月和12月,分别从深圳市光明新区所管辖的公明和光明2个街道内9个蔬菜销售市场采集了市售各种蔬菜,经过提取、净化和浓缩后,采用气相色谱法检测拟除虫菊酯类农药的残留量,按照GB 18406.1-2001对残留量进行评价. 结果2008年共抽样检测样品120份,其中有29份样品检出拟除虫菊酯类农药(24.2%),2份超标(1.7%).叶菜类、果实类和其他类别的检出率差异无统计学意义(χ2=0.178,P=0.915),氯氰菊酯检出最高(15.8%),农贸市场和大型超市之间的检出率差异无统计学意义(χ2=1.055,P=0.304).计算得到氯氰菊酯的标准人日每公斤体重摄入量为0.00111 mg/kg·bw. 结论深圳市光明新区蔬菜中拟除虫菊酯类农药的残留量处于安全水平.     

2011-2013年天津市售蔬菜农药残留状况监测分析

摘要:目的　了解2011-2013年天津市市售蔬菜中农药残留状况,为保障食品安全、加强监管提供科学依据。方法　2011-2013年随机采集市售蔬菜859份,按照《国家食品中化学污染物及有害因素监测工作手册》检测氨基甲酸酯类农药、拟除虫菊酯类农药、有机磷类农药、有机氯类农药;依据《食品安全国家标准食品中农药最大残留限量GB 2763-2012》进行判断。结果　2011-2013年共监测市售蔬菜859份,3年来监测农药种类17、23、49种,样本超标率依次为12.33%、16.67%、10.77%。其中,氨基甲酸酯类农药超标率依次为4.00%、9.00%、2.32%;拟除虫菊酯类农药超标率依次为0.00%、0.67%、3.86%;有机磷类农药超标率依次为8.33%、8.33%、8.89%;有机氯类农药超标率为0.00%。结论　有机磷农药使用最为普遍,超标情况比较复杂,氨基甲酸酯类农药和拟除虫菊酯类农药也存在一定的超标现象。     

淮安市2016—2020年市售蔬菜水果中农药残留监测与风险评估

目的 分析淮安市售蔬菜水果中农药残留情况,评估当地消费者蔬菜水果农药暴露风险。方法 根据《食品安全风险监测工作手册》的要求,在淮安市所辖8个县(区)农贸市场、商超、网店随机购买市售蔬菜水果,监测样品中农药残留,依据GB2763—2016《食品安全国家标准食品中农药最大残留现状》进行判定,采用危害物风险系数法评估农药残留风险。结果 2016—2020年共采集蔬菜水果样品283份,农药残留检出率54.42%,超标率3.89%;其中蔬菜样132份,农药残留检出率为59.09%,超标率为7.58%;水果样151份,农药残留检出率为50.33%,超标率为0.66%;蔬果间农药残留检出率差异无统计学意义(χ²=2.18,P>0.05),超标率差异有统计学意义(χ²=9.01,P<0.01)。蔬菜中杀菌剂和杀虫剂检出率分别为10.23%、2.22%,差异有统计学意义(χ²=73.57,P<0.01);水果中杀菌剂检出率为14.65%,无杀虫剂检出。危害物风险系数评估显示,淮安市售蔬菜水果超标农药的风险系数均>1...     

泰州市叶菜类蔬菜农药残留研究

[目的]了解泰州市区叶菜类蔬菜中农药残留状况.[方法]从泰州市区农贸市场及防虫网蔬菜试验基地采集了10种40份叶菜类蔬菜样本,参照GB/T5009.20-2003《食品中有机磷农药残留量的测定》、GB/T5009.146《植物性食品中有机氯和拟除虫菊酯类农药多种残留量的测定》检测有机磷及拟除虫菊酯类农药残留水平.按GB18406.1-2001《农产品安全质量无公害蔬菜安全要求》进行评价.[结果]2003～2004年度泰州市区叶菜类蔬菜中农药残留超标率为37.5%,氧化乐果、甲胺磷、马拉硫磷均有检出,敌敌畏、乙酰甲胺磷超过最高残留限量.卷心菜、韭菜、菠菜等3种蔬菜的农药残留超标率较大白菜等其他7种蔬菜农药残留超标率高,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;防虫网蔬菜农药残留超标率较非防虫网蔬菜的农药残留超标率低,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.[结论]泰州市区叶菜类蔬菜中农药残留状况亟待提高,农药的生产管理、正确安全使用以及流通营销监管均不能掉以轻心,政府和有关部门必须高度重视.     

2011-2013年遂宁市蔬菜中农药残留状况调查

摘要:目的　了解遂宁市蔬菜中农药残留情况,为政府部门制定农药问题相关措施提供科学依据。方法　于2011年-2013年从遂宁市5个区县农贸市场和超市采集136份蔬菜样品。采用NY/T 761-2008《蔬菜和水果中有机磷、有机氯、拟除虫菊酯和氨基甲酸酯农药多残留的检测》进行农药的残留检测,检测结果依据GB 2763-2014《食品中农药最大残留限量》进行判定。结果　136份蔬菜的农残检出率和超标率分别为54.4%和13.2%,不同类别的蔬菜均有超标。超标率最高的蔬菜为叶菜类（20.0%）,超标率最高的农药种类为有机磷类（11.0%）。不同年份,不同种类农药检出率和超标率差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）,不同种类蔬菜的超标率差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。结论　遂宁市蔬菜中农药使用普遍,叶菜类蔬菜农药残留较为严重,应加强种植和销售环节的监管,降低农药残留对人体的危害。     

茶叶中拟除虫菊脂类农药残留量及累积暴露评估

目的检测茶叶中的农药残留情况,并评估拟除虫菊酯类农药的慢性累积暴露风险,为下一步茶叶中制订最大残留限量和农药残留标准提供依据。方法收集2012-2016年济南市市售茶叶188份,对7种拟除虫菊酯农药残留进行测定。并采用危害指数(HI)法对通过茶叶摄入拟除虫菊酯类农药的测定。结果结果显示联苯菊酯检出率为53.19%(100/188),甲氰菊酯检出率为6.25%(8/128),氯氟氰菊酯检出率为14.06%(18/128)、氟氯氰菊酯检出率为1.56%(2/128),氯氰菊酯检出率为23.94%(45/188),氰戊菊酯检出率为1.56%(2/128),溴氰菊酯未检出。以GB2763-2016中的ADI值为参考,经计算茶叶中拟除虫菊酯类农药慢性累积暴露危害指数HI为0.005909。结论济南市市售茶叶中拟除虫菊酯类农药残留在安全限值之内,居民通过茶叶造成的拟除虫菊酯类农药残留的慢性膳食暴露风险小,但济南市市售茶叶中农药残留现象普遍,应进一步加强规范拟除虫菊酯类农药在茶叶中的使用和管理。     

襄阳市市售蔬菜中农药残留状况调查及慢性膳食暴露评估

目的了解襄阳市市售蔬菜中农药残留现状,评估蔬菜中农药残留的慢性膳食暴露风险情况。方法 2012年-2016年随机采集襄阳市农贸市场和超市的蔬菜,按照《食品安全风险监测工作手册》方法检测样品中农药残留,采用食品安全指数法评估蔬菜中农药残留的慢性膳食暴露风险。结果 2012年-2016年共采集、检测各类蔬菜747份,襄阳市市售蔬菜农药残留检出率为10.58%,超标率为0.94%。叶菜类、茄果类、茎类、鲜豆类蔬菜农药检出率较高,检出率分别为14.4%、11.5%、23.3%、20.3%。各类蔬菜超标率差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。检出农药以拟除虫菊酯类为主。各类农药超标率差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。慢性膳食暴露评估表明,所有检出农药的食品安全指数均1。结论襄阳市蔬菜中农药残留量的安全风险均在可接受范围内,但还需要对禁用农药加强监督。     

Trends in meningococcal disease in Italy in 1988

Meningococcal disease in Italy decreased 15% in 1988 from the previous year (290 vs. 342 cases). The decline was particularly evident in military cases (1.7/100,000 in 1988 vs. 5/100,000 in 1987) reflecting the full coverage of bivalent serogroup (A + C) meningococcal polysaccaride vaccine in army recruits, achieved since January 1988. The highest proportion of cases was seen in people older than 25 years of age (25%). Serogroup C constituted 60% of the isolates, while 19% belonged to serogroup B. The proportion of strains resistant to sulphonamides was 45%, while 15% were resistant to Minocycline and none to Rifampin. Out of the five military cases, only one (due to serogroup C) was attributable to the vaccine failure. A single coprimary case, but no secondary cases occurred among civilians. These findings are consistent with the trends reported in Italy in the previous years.     

Benzene in blood and phenol in urine in monitoring benzene exposure in industry

Determinations of benzene concentration in blood and of phenol in urine were made by head-space gas chromatography techniques on samples taken near the end of the work day from two groups of workers potentially exposed to low levels of benzene in the work-place atmosphere. Preliminary results suggest that benzene in blood is more reliable than phenol tests for assessing both exposure and uptake of benzene. Normal values of phenol in urine (10 mg/liter or less) were found in nearly all those cases in which benzene was detected in the blood.     

2015年郑州市饮用水放射性水平状况调查

目的了解郑州市不同地区、不同季节、不同水源类型的放射性水平。方法分别于丰水期和枯水期采集郑州市区黄河水源水、井水源水、丹江口水源水、出厂水和末梢水各一份;以县为单位,每单位采集出厂水、末梢水、水库水、河水、井水各1份,按《生活饮用水生活标准检验方法》(GB/T 5750.13-2006)检测饮用水中总α和总β放射性水平,依据《生活饮用水卫生标准》(GB 5749-2006)进行判定。结果丰水期、枯水期水体总α、总β放射性水平均低于国家标准限值。结论郑州市不同水源类型均处于正常的天然放射性本底水平。     

Occupational stress in nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan

Nurses are known to be exposed to occupational stress. However, occupational stress is not well documented for nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan. A cross-sectional study was conducted to explore the work-related stress and risk factors of nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan. A structured questionnaire was distributed to nurses at five state-owned psychiatric hospitals in Taiwan in 2001. Demographic information, working environment, and personal health status were inquired. Occupational stress was assessed based on the Chinese version of Job Content Questionnaire (JCQ). General health status and mental health were evaluated by the International Quality of Life Assessment Short Form-36 (IQOLA SF-36). A total of 573 questionnaires were disseminated to nurses and 518 (90.4%) were satisfactorily completed by nurses, including 408 female full-time nurses who had been in their current work for more than 6 months. In the past one month, 17.2% of nurses reported being under significant stress often or always. Assault episodes were reported by 45.1% of nurses in the past 6 months. Among the nurses, 16.9%, 25.2%, 50.0%, and 7.8% belong to the "High strain", "Low strain", "Active", and "Passive" groups, respectively. Perceived occupational stress was associated with young age, widowed/divorced/separated marital status, high psychological demand, low workplace support, and threat of assault at work. Lower general health score was associated with low job control, high psychological demand, and perceived occupational stress. A lower mental health score was associated with low job control, high psychological demand, low workplace support, and perceived occupational stress. We concluded that nurses in psychiatric institutions are under significant stress related to work factors.     

Changes in nursing administration in supporting transplantation in Brazil

This historical and bibliographic study aimed to understand how Nursing was organized to support care in transplantation. The HISA, LILACS, BDENF, PERIENF and DEDALUS databases were consulted, and thirteen references were found, ten of which were scientific articles, two were master's dissertations and one was a doctoral thesis. The span of time chosen for study ranges from the date of the first kidney transplant in Brazil (1965), to the date of publication of the last scientific article found in the databases mentioned above (2003). After reading these articles, the ones that were similar in topic were grouped together, thus creating the thematic axis for the presentation of the results. The results showed that the Nursing profession has played an important and active role in transplants ever since the first procedure in 1965.     

2019年中国肿瘤流行病学研究进展

恶性肿瘤已成为中国居民的主要死因之一。近些年来,中国政府积极推进肿瘤预防和控制领域的研究工作,取得了很大的进步。本文简要汇总中国在肿瘤流行病学领域的研究进展,具体包括2019年的肿瘤负担、癌症危险因素及其干预、筛查和早期发现、癌症防治专项行动(2019-2022年)方案等方面,以期为我国肿瘤防治工作的有效开展提供技术支撑和理论依据。     

2012年绵阳市蔬菜中农药残留状况

目的 了解绵阳市2012年市售蔬菜中农药残留情况,为食用蔬菜监管提供依据.方法 全部样品均按照GB/T 5009-2003的方法进行农药的残留检测.依据GB 2763-2005《食品中农药最大残留限量》进行判定.结果 2012年共检测蔬菜165份,农药检出率和超标率分别为72.12％和23.64％.豆类、根茎类、叶菜类、瓜果菜类和食用菌类蔬菜检测农药残留超标率分别为8.00％、23.53％、36.00％、5.26％和27.03％,差异有统计学意义(x2=11.41,P＜0.01).不同种类农药超标率差异有统计学意义(x2 =62.42,P＜0.01).夏季和冬季蔬菜农药超标率差异无统计学意义(x2=3.44,P＞0.05).结论 绵阳市叶菜类蔬菜中农药残留情况较为严重,应采取有效措施,加强蔬菜的监督管理,从源头禁止高毒农药的使用,加大蔬菜种植、销售环节的监测,确保市民食用蔬菜的安全.