二尖瓣成形术围术期死亡危险因素分析

目的 回顾性分析二尖瓣成形术后围术期死亡的危险因素。方法 1985年3月至2006年6月542例病人行二尖瓣成形手术，按手术死亡与否分成两组，进行单因素分析和多因素logistic回归分析。结果 全组死亡20例（3．7％），单因素显著性分析发现年龄、心衰史、左室收缩末内径、术前左室射血分数（LVEF）、心功能Ⅲ～Ⅳ级、体外循环时间、主动脉阻断时间和成形术同期行冠状动脉旁路移植术与二尖瓣成形术围术期死亡有相关性。多因素logistic回归分析结果显示，心衰史、术前左室射血分数和同期行冠状动脉旁路移植术是独立危险因素。结论 心衰史、术前左室射血分数和同期行冠状动脉旁路移植术是二尖瓣成形术围术期死亡的独立危险因素。     

冠状动脉旁路移植同期行二尖瓣成形术治疗缺血性二尖瓣关闭不全

目的总结缺血性二尖瓣关闭不全（IMR）患者同期行冠状动脉旁路移植术（CABG）和二尖瓣成形术的临床经验,以提高手术疗效。方法对36例IMR行CABG加同期二尖瓣成形术患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析。共移植血管93支,平均每例2.58支。二尖瓣成形采用Carpentier环6例,Duran环14例,交界褥式环缩16例;edgetoedge技术6例,后叶楔形切除2例。结果住院死亡5例（13.89%）,死亡原因：低心排血量、循环功能衰竭、肾功能衰竭和脑梗死。术后随访21例,失访10例,随访时间26.4±5.6个月,远期死亡3例。生存患者心功能分级（NYHA）级14例,级3例,级1例。随访期间复查超声心动图提示：二尖瓣无反流或微量反流4例,轻度反流13例,中度反流4例;心功能明显改善。结论对冠状动脉多支病变合并中度IMR患者应慎重选择二尖瓣成形手术,单纯CABG可能是首选的治疗方案。CABG同期行二尖瓣成形术治疗IMR早期效果较好,远期复发率高,但多数患者不需再次手术治疗。     

中-重度缺血性二尖瓣关闭不全外科治疗的中期效果

目的 探讨中-重度缺血性二尖瓣关闭不全（ischemic mitral regurgitation,IMR）患者治疗方案及疗效评价。方法 回顾性分析2014年6月—2019年6月于北部战区总医院接受外科治疗的冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病合并中-重度IMR患者的临床资料。按手术方式将患者分为两组：冠状动脉旁路移植术（coronary artery bypass grafting,CABG）组（CABG组），CABG+二尖瓣手术（mitral valve surgery,MVS）组（CABG+MVS组）。对两组患者的术前、术后临床资料进行对比分析。结果 共纳入105例患者，其中男75例、女30例，年龄40～79(62.70±7.90)岁。CABG组34例，CABG+MVS组71例（二尖瓣成形42例、二尖瓣置换29例）。围术期死亡5例，术后3个月死亡2例，7例均为CABG+MVS组患者，两组围术期和术后3个月死亡率差异无统计学意义（P=0.14）。中远期随访87例，两组患者术前二尖瓣反流程度（P=0.59）和左房内径（P=0.51）差异无统计学意义，而术后CABG组患者的二尖瓣反流程度明显大于C...     

冠状动脉旁路移植术+二尖瓣成形术治疗冠心病合并缺血性二尖瓣关闭不全患者的疗效评价

目的探讨冠状动脉旁路移植术(CABG)+二尖瓣成形术(PBMV)治疗冠心病(CHD)合并缺血性二尖瓣关闭不全(IMR)的效果。方法选取2018-01-2019-01间郑州市第七人民医院收治的150例CHD合并IMR患者,按照手术方案分为2组,各75例。对照组采用CABG+二尖瓣置换术(MVR),观察组采用CABG+PBMV。比较2组治疗时间及术前、术后即刻心功能,包括左室射血分数(LVEF)、左心室舒张末期内径(LVEDD)、左心室收缩末期内径(LVESD)。结果观察组ICU、术后呼吸机、住院时间均短于对照组,术后即刻LVEF大于对照组,LVEDD、LVESD小于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 CABG+PBMV治疗CHD合并IMR能缩短治疗时间,改善心功能。     

二尖瓣成形术在感染性心内膜炎二尖瓣关闭不全治疗中的应用

目的评价二尖瓣成形术治疗感染性心内膜炎二尖瓣关闭不全的疗效。方法自2002年3月至2012年1月共有33例感染性心内膜炎二尖瓣关闭不全患者在北京阜外心血管病医院接受二尖瓣成形术,其中男23例、女10例,年龄10～67（35.7±17.8）岁。13例有心脏基础解剖病变。术前二尖瓣轻度反流5例,中度反流15例,重度反流13例。心功能分级（NYHA）Ⅰ级5例,Ⅱ级23,Ⅲ级4例,Ⅳ级1例。所有患者均行二尖瓣成形术,活动期手术14例。同期行主动脉瓣置换术6例,三尖瓣成形术5例,冠状动脉旁路移植术1例,左心房粘液瘤切除术1例,主动脉窦瘤修补术1例。成形方法包括心包修补穿孔5例,瓣叶切除缝合17例,双孔法成形3例,腱索转移及人工腱索5例,15例使用人工成形环。结果围术期死亡1例,于术后7 d并发急性心肌梗死死亡。32例存活患者均康复出院。出院前超声心动图提示：左心室舒张期末内径、左心房内径分别为（48.9±7.6）mm及（31.7±7.4）mm,较术前有明显改善（P=0.000）。32例患者完成随访,随访时间6～125（73.0±38.6）个月。随访期间无死亡,无心内膜炎复发及出血栓塞等并发症。1例术后3年因二尖瓣狭窄而行二尖瓣机械瓣置换术。心功能分级（NYHA）Ⅰ级25例,Ⅱ级5例,Ⅲ级2例。二尖瓣有少量反流4例,中量反流1例,无反流26例;舒张期二尖瓣流速偏快（1.7 m/s）1例,主动脉瓣中量反流1例。左心室舒张期末内径及左心房内径与术后早期比较差异无统计学意义,射血分数较术后早期改善（60.9%±6.6%vs.57.5%±6.7%;P=0.043）。结论二尖瓣成形术治疗感染性心内膜炎二尖瓣关闭不全疗效可靠,左心房、左心室内径显著减小,心功能改善明显。     

缺血性二尖瓣关闭不全的外科治疗

目的总结缺血性二尖瓣关闭不全的外科治疗经验.方法 12例缺血性二尖瓣关闭不全患者,其中二尖瓣大量反流9例,中量反流3例,均有心肌梗死史,术前心功能Ⅱ级4例,Ⅲ级4例,Ⅳ级4例,均接受冠状动脉旁路移植术和同期保留二尖瓣和瓣下结构的二尖瓣置换术.结果 1例术后并发肺部感染死亡,其余患者均痊愈出院,出院时心功能为Ⅰ～Ⅱ级.随访3～59个月,无远期死亡,亦无抗凝和机械瓣膜引起的并发症,患者心功能仍为Ⅰ～Ⅱ级.术后早期超声心动图检查示左心室舒张期末内径和左心房舒张期末内径均较术前缩小(P<0.05).结论缺血性心脏病伴缺血性中至重度二尖瓣反流行冠状动脉旁路移植术加二尖瓣置换术疗效可靠.     

经左心房或左心室室壁瘤切口行二尖瓣成形术的疗效评价

目的 评价经左心房（LA）或左心室（LV）室壁瘤切口行二尖瓣成形术的手术疗效.方法 1997年1月至2005年4月,23例病人因冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病伴室壁瘤形成行冠状动脉旁路移植及室壁瘤手术,同时因缺血性二尖瓣关闭不全行二尖瓣成形术.其中经房间隔左心房切口行二尖瓣成形术10例（A组）,经左心室室壁瘤切口行二尖瓣成形术13例（B组）.手术在全麻低温体外循环下,首先完成冠状动脉旁路移植术,然后行二尖瓣成形术和室壁瘤手术.结果 B组体外循环和主动脉阻断时间较A组缩短,但差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）,气管插管、住ICU及术后住院时间、术后LA大小、LV大小、EF值两组间差异均无统计学意义（P＞0.05）.但与术前相比,两组术后左心房、室大小均显著减小（P＜0.05）,EF显著改善（P＜0.05）.全组死亡2例,A组、B组各1例,病死率8.7%（2/23例）.远期随访A组1例术后7个月因应激性溃疡出血、肝功能衰竭死亡,另1例术后4个月因严重的二尖瓣关闭不全行二尖瓣置换术;B组无死亡及二次手术病例.生存者心功能Ⅰ～Ⅱ级,症状明显改善,二尖瓣结构、功能正常或仅轻-中度关闭不全.结论 经左心室室壁瘤切口入路行二尖瓣成形术疗效满意,该术式可将二尖瓣和左心室形态、功能的恢复同时设计,整体构思,相同的术野和同时兼顾手术操作,实现二尖瓣与左心室结构和功能快速有效的重建;且避免了常规右心房、房间隔或房间沟切口,简化手术操作,减轻心肌损伤,缩短手术时间.     

二尖瓣脱垂合并感染性心内膜炎的临床分析

目的总结二尖瓣脱垂（mitral valve prolapse,MVP）合并感染性心内膜炎（infeclous endoearditis,IE）的临床特点、手术时机和手术前后超声心动图的特点。方法2000年6月至2007年12月我科共收治原发性MVP合并IE患者45例,术前心功能分级（NYHA）Ⅱ级15例,Ⅲ级21例,Ⅳ级9例。术前血培养阳性率为40％,最常见的为草绿色链球菌（38．9％）。术前超声心动图检查发现腱索断裂3例,急性左心功能衰竭9例,有脑血管意外6例。术中根据瓣膜质量和损伤情况,行二尖瓣成形术5例,二尖瓣置换术35例;同期行主动脉瓣置换术6例,三尖瓣成形术19例,冠状动脉旁路移植术1例。结果术前死亡5例,3例死于脑血管意外,2例死于多器官功能衰竭;术后早期死亡1例,死于肾功能衰竭;长期生存39例,术后随访6个月～8年（平均2．7年）,无晚期死亡,超声心动图复查未见心内膜炎复发及瓣周漏。结论MVP合并IE的临床特点为起病隐匿,心力衰竭、体循环栓塞（尤其脑栓塞）等并发症的发生率较高。对中至重度关闭不全的MVP合并IE患者应早期治疗。     

冠心病合并慢性中度缺血性二尖瓣关闭不全的外科治疗

目的 探讨冠心病合并中度缺血性二尖瓣关闭不全(IMR)的外科治疗及其预后.方法 从1998年1月至2006年5月共收治冠心病合并中度IMR患者28例,均为冠状动脉病变合并单纯二尖瓣关闭不全,手术均在中度低温体外循环下行冠状动脉旁路移植术(CABG)和同期二尖瓣手术.二尖瓣成形术(MVP)24例,其中Reed法成形9例,Reed法成形同时加成形环8例,脱垂二尖瓣叶切除同时加成形环7例;二尖瓣置换术(MVR)4例,其中置换机械瓣1例,生物瓣3例.结果 术后早期无死亡患者,应用主动脉内球囊反搏(IABP)1例.术后随访26例,随访3～80个月,平均41个月,远期死亡2例(MVP 1例、MVR 1例).随访MVP患者生存22例,心功能Ⅰ级13 例,Ⅱ级6例,Ⅲ级3例,较术前明显改善;多普勒超声心动图检查二尖瓣无反流5例,微量反流7例,轻度反流6例,中度反流3例,重度反流1例,左房容积(LAV)54.1±12.7ml,左心室舒张期末容积(LVEDV)60.9±14.8 ml,左心室射血分数(LVEF)0.59±0.15,与术前比较差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).随访MVR患者生存2例,心功能Ⅰ级1 例,Ⅱ级1例;多普勒超声心动图检查瓣膜功能良好.结论 对冠心病合并中度IMR患者应在行CABG时同期进行处理,IMR处理的方法以MVP同时加用成形环的早期临床效果较好,但是对左室功能差和左室壁运动异常的患者远期效果需要进一步观察.     

心理干预对冠状动脉旁路移植术病人术前焦虑和心肌缺血的影响

目的：探讨心理干预对冠状动脉旁路移植术病人术前焦虑和心肌缺血的影响。方法：将41例接受冠状动脉旁路移植术的冠心病病人随机分为观察组（21例）和对照组（20例），对照组接受一般心理干预，观察组接受依据准确期待论制定的干预措施。测定并比较两组病人术前焦虑值、心率、血压和心肌缺血发生情况。结果：心理干预后观察组术前各阶段心率、血压、焦虑值均显著低于对照组（P＜0．05，P＜0．01），待手术期观察组心肌缺血事件亦显著少于对照组（P＜0．05）。结论：心理干预可缓解冠状动脉旁路移植术病人术前焦虑和减少术前心肌缺血事件的发生。     

Prophylactic mitral reconstruction for mitral regurgitation

BACKGROUND: Mitral regurgitation (MR) will produce myocardial dysfunction. The goal of this study was to review outcomes of mitral valve reconstruction in asymptomatic patients with severe MR. METHODS: From 1992 to 2000, 93 asymptomatic patients with degenerative disease and severe MR underwent mitral valve reconstruction. Mean preoperative left ventricular internal diameter diastole was 56 +/- 8 mm and ejection fraction was 60% +/- 6%. Mean age was 47 +/- 10 years and mean follow-up 23 +/- 27 months. All patients underwent complex reconstruction. RESULTS: There were no deaths and two late reoperations. One was for systolic anterior motion of the anterior leaflet of the mitral valve requiring valve replacement and one for hemolysis requiring re-repair. There was one perioperative transient ischemic attack and no late thromboembolic events. At follow-up all but 1 patient remains in NYHA class I and all had no MR except in 2 patients at 63 and 89 months. CONCLUSIONS: Mitral valve reconstruction for "asymptomatic" MR can be performed with no mortality and low morbidity before development of left ventricular dysfunction. Early prophylactic repair is advocated in the presence of severe MR if valve reparability is assured.     

Echocardiographic evaluation of mitral geometry in functional mitral regurgitation

Background

Given the growing population of cardiac surgery patients with impaired preoperative cardiac function and rapidly expanding surgical techniques, continued efforts to improve myocardial protection strategies are warranted. Prior research is mostly limited to either large animal models or ex vivo preparations. We developed a new in vivo survival model that combines administration of antegrade cardioplegia with endoaortic crossclamping during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) in the rat.

Methods

Sprague-Dawley rats were cannulated for CPB (n = 10). With ultrasound guidance, a 3.5 mm balloon angioplasty catheter was positioned via the right common carotid artery with its tip proximal to the aortic valve. To initiate cardioplegic arrest, the balloon was inflated and cardioplegia solution injected. After 30 min of cardioplegic arrest, the balloon was deflated, ventilation resumed, and rats were weaned from CPB and recovered. To rule out any evidence of cerebral ischemia due to right carotid artery ligation, animals were neurologically tested on postoperative day 14, and their brains histologically assessed.

Results

Thirty minutes of cardioplegic arrest was successfully established in all animals. Functional assessment revealed no neurologic deficits, and histology demonstrated no gross neuronal damage.

Conclusion

This novel small animal CPB model with cardioplegic arrest allows for both the study of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury as well as new cardioprotective strategies. Major advantages of this model include its overall feasibility and cost effectiveness. In future experiments long-term echocardiographic outcomes as well as enzymatic, genetic, and histologic characterization of myocardial injury can be assessed. In the field of myocardial protection, rodent models will be an important avenue of research.     

Results of mitral valve repair in rheumatic mitral regurgitation

Between January 1988 and December 2003, 898 patients with rheumatic heart disease (mean age 22.4+/-10.1 years) underwent mitral valve (MV) repair. Five hundred and sixty-five patients (63%) had pre-operative atrial fibrillation. Six hundred and ten (68%) patients were in NYHA class III or IV. Four hundred and twelve (45.9%) had pure mitral regurgitation (MR) and 486 (54.1%) had mixed mitral stenosis and MR. The pathology was leaflet prolapse (n=270, 30%), annular dilatation (n=717, 79.8%) and calcification (n=39, 4.3%). Reparative procedures included annuloplasty (n=793, 88%), commissurotomy (n=530, 59%), chordal shortening (n=225, 25%), cusp excision/plication (n=41, 4.5%), cuspal thinning (n=325, 36%), cleft suture (n=142, 16%), decalcification (n=30, 3.3%), chordal transfer (n=13, 1.4%), and neo chordae construction (n=3, 0.3%). Early mortality was 32 (3.6%). Follow-up ranged from 6 to 180 months (mean 62.7+/-31.8 months) and was 96% complete. Six hundred and twenty-one patients (69%) had no, or trivial, or mild MV. Two hundred and seventy-seven of the 866 survivors had MR which was moderate in 153 (18%) and severe in 124 (14%) patients. Thirty-five patients underwent re-operation. There were 21 late deaths (2.4%). Actuarial and re-operation-free survival at 10 years were 92+/-1.1% and 81+/-5.2%, respectively. Freedom from moderate or severe MR was 32+/-3.9%. MV repair in the rheumatic population is feasible with acceptable long-term results.     

Late results of mitral valve repair for mitral regurgitation

OBJECTIVE: This study was undertaken to evaluate the long-term results of mitral valve repair for mitral regurgitation. METHODS: Between 1991 and 2000, 301 patients with mitral regurgitation underwent mitral valve repair. There were 167 men and 134 women whose mean age was 56 +/- 14 years. The patients were comprised of 7 patients in Carpentier's type I, 277 patients in type II, and 17 patients in type III. Chordal replacement with expanded polytetrafluoroethylene sutures had been prospectively applied to repair the anterior mitral leaflet prolapse. Ring annuloplasty was performed in 230 patients (76%). The follow-up was complete and mean follow-up was 67 +/- 33 months, for a cumulative follow-up of 1,624 patient-years. RESULTS: There were 5 hospital deaths and 11 late deaths (2 cardiac and 9 noncardiac). All survivors except those with stroke were in the New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional class I or II. At 10 years, the actuarial survival was 90 +/- 3%, the freedom from embolism was 86 +/- 4%, the freedom from reoperation was 96 +/- 2%, and the freedom from valve-related events was 77 +/- 4%. At 10 years, the freedom from reoperation in the patients with anterior leaflet prolapse was 90 +/- 5%. CONCLUSIONS: Mitral valve repair is feasible in most patients with mitral regurgitation and is associated with low mortality and low rates of valve related events. Chordal replacement with expanded polytetrafluoroethylene sutures is effective, safe, and durable at long-term follow-up for patients with anterior leaflet prolapse.     

Late results of mitral valve repair for mitral regurgitation

Objective: This study was undertaken to evaluate the long-term results of mitral valve repair for mitral regurgitation.Methods: Between 1991 and 2000, 301 patients with mitral regurgitation underwent mitral valve repair. There were 167 men and 134 women whose mean age was 56±14 years. The patients were comprised of 7 patients in Carpentier's type I, 277 patients in type II, and 17 patients in type III. Chordal replacement with expanded polytetrafluoroethylene sutures had been prospectively applied to repair the anterior mitral leaflet prolapse. Ring annuloplasty was performed in 230 patients (76%). The follow-up was complete and mean follow-up was 67±33 months, for a cumulative follow-up of 1,624 patient-years.Results: There were 5 hospital deaths and 11 late deaths (2 cardiac and 9 noncardiac). All survivors except those with stroke were in the New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional class I or II. At 10 years, the actuarial survival was 90±3%, the freedom from embolism was 86±4%, the freedom from reoperation was 96±2%, and the freedom from valve-related events was 77±4%. At 10 years, the freedom from reoperation in the patients with anterior leaflet prolapse was 90±5%.Conclusions: Mitral valve repair is feasible in most patients with mitral regurgitation and is associated with low mortality and low rates of valve related events. Chordal replacement with expanded polytetrafluoroethylene sutures is effective, safe, and durable at long-term follow-up for patients with anterior leaflet prolapse. Read at the Fifty-fifth Annual Meeting of The Japanese Association for Thoracic Surgery, Symposium, Fukuoka, October 9–11, 2002.