Enterobius vermicularis infection and its risk factors among pre-school children in Taipei,Taiwan

Background

The prevalence of pinworm infection is extremely low in Taipei, Taiwan. This population study was designed to determine the current status and the associated risk factors of this infection among pre-school children.

High incidence of acquiring methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Brazilian children with Atopic Dermatitis and associated risk factors

BackgroundMethicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) colonization in Atopic Dermatitis (AD) patients can contribute to worsening their clinical condition.ObjectiveA cohort study was carried out to determine the incidence of MRSA acquisition and its risk factors in AD children.MethodsPatients with AD (2 months–14 years old) were followed up for about 1 year at a reference center for AD treatment in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, from September 2011 to February 2014. Nasal swabs from patients and contacts were collected every 2 months. The SCORAD system assessed the severity of the AD. S. aureus isolates were evaluated to determine the methicillin resistance and the clonal lineages.ResultsAmong 117 AD patients, 97 (82.9%) were already colonized with S. aureus and 26 (22.2%) had MRSA at the first evaluation. The incidence of MRSA acquisition in the cohort study was 27.47% (n = 25). The SCORAD assessments were: mild (46.15%), moderate (37.36%) or severe (16.48%). Risk factors were: colonized MRSA contacts (HR = 2.27; 95% CI: 1.16–7.54), use of cyclosporine (HR = 5.84; 95% CI: 1.70–19.98), moderate or severe AD (HR = 3.26; 95% CI: 1.13–9.37). Protective factors were: availability of running water (HR = 0.21; 95% CI: 0.049–0.96) and use of antihistamines (HR = 0.21; 95% IC: 0.64–0.75). MRSA isolates carried the SCCmec type IV and most of them were typed as USA800/ST5.ConclusionsThe high incidence of MRSA acquisition found among AD patients and the risk factors associated show that an effective surveillance of MRSA colonization in these patients is needed.     

山东城市学龄儿童行为问题及危险因素研究

应用Ａｃｈｅｎｂａｃｈ儿童行为量表调查了山东省６个城市２９４１名６－１１岁的儿童。研究发现行为问题的现患率为１３．８１％，９５％可信区间为１２．５６～１５．０６％，性别间及各年龄组间行为问题的现患率无显著性差异。Ｉｏｇｉｓｔｉｃ回归分析揭示男童行为问题的主要危险因素依次为疾病、母孕期不利因素，亲子关系差、学习成绩差和父母管教方式不当。女童的危险因素则依次为母孕期不利因素、父亲疾病、儿童疾病、学习成绩差。     

我国不同人群单纯疱疹病毒2型感染率及危险因素Meta分析

目的 了解我国不同人群单纯疱疹病毒2型(HSV-2)感染率水平及其危险因素.方法 采用Statal2.0对我国不同人群HSV-2感染率及相关危险因素数据进行meta分析、应用SPSS22.0进行亚组间统计学检验.结果 普通人群HSV-2感染率为16.22％ (95％ CI:12.87％ ～ 19.91％),女性高于男性,分别为16.89％(95％ CI:12.91％～21.32％)和11.69％ (95％ CI:9.07％ ～ 14.56％).不同人群既往感染率各不相同,以女性性工作者(FSW) 44.77％ (95％ CI:38.47％ ～ 46.36％)较高.多数高危人群感染率高于普通人群.随着时间推移,普通人群既往和近期感染率呈下降趋势,高危人群既往HSV-2感染率先升后降.影响因素分析提示性别、梅毒感染、HIV阳性等是感染HSV-2的危险因素.结论 我国不同人群HSV-2感染率较高,以女性、高危人群和疑与HSV-2感染相关疾病患者更为突出.建议将HIV干预和包括HSV-2在内的性病相结合、加强HSV-2监测、加强育龄妇女及孕妇HSV-2检测控制HSV-2传播.     

The association between lifestyle-related risk factors and survival in patients with colorectal cancer in an urban South African cohort

BackgroundLifestyle-related factors have been linked with risk for colorectal cancer. Data describing the relationship between lifestyle factors of South African patients who present with colorectal cancer and their survival is sparse.ObjectivesThe objectives were to describe the profile of patients with colorectal cancer; to determine the association between lifestyle-related factors and survival, and to compare results of patients in the private and public sectors.MethodsA retrospective review and secondary analysis of information of patients with colorectal cancer were conducted. The independent samples t-test and Mann Whitney U test were administered to determine differences in the clinical presentation. Pearson''s Chi-Squared and Eta (η) tests were used to determine the association between survival and lifestyle-related factors.ResultsData of 441 patients were included. When compared to the public sector cohort, patients in the private sector cohort were older (p=0.0110), had earlier stages of cancer at the time of diagnosis (p<0.001), had a higher percentage of current alcohol consumption (p<0.001) and had higher survival rates (p<0.001). Waist circumference was shown to have a large-strength effect on survival (η2=0.266).ConclusionEmphasis should be placed on anthropometric screening and education to effect long-term behaviour change. Physiotherapists are well placed to provide screening and non-pharmacological interventions for patients with colorectal cancer.     

Antifungal susceptibility,species distribution and risk factors associated with mortality of invasive candidiasis in children in Turkey: A six-year retrospective,single-centre study

Invasive candidiasis (IC) is a life-threatening fungal infection with high morbidity and mortality. In this study, we aimed to investigate the Candida species distribution and antifungal drug susceptibility and to identify the risk factors associated with IC mortality in children. We conducted a retrospective, single-centre study of paediatric IC in patients from a tertiary care hospital in Turkey between January 2013 and February 2019. A total of 56 Candida isolates underwent antifungal susceptibility testing performed by Sensititre YeastOne YO10 panel, and the demographic and clinical data of 65 patients were examined during the study period. The most commonly isolated species was Candida albicans in 30 patients (46%), followed by C. parapsilosis in 25 patients (38%) and C. tropicalis in three patients (5%). According to the antifungal drug susceptibility testing, C. albicans was fully susceptible to fluconazole and the other antifungal agents (100%). None of the isolates displayed resistance to anidulafungin, micafungin, flucytosine, posaconazole, voriconazole or itraconazole. There were low rates of resistance to fluconazole (1.8%), caspofungin (1.8%) and micafungin (1.8%). In addition, 5.3% of the Candida isolates were susceptible in a dose-dependent manner to itraconazole, 3.6% were susceptible to voriconazole and fluconazole and 1.8% were susceptible to anidulafungin. The mortality rate of IC was 15.4%. Thrombocytopenia after IC treatment was significantly associated with mortality in the multivariate analysis. These results, which help determine the species distribution, antifungal susceptibility patterns and risk factors for mortality, could make a significant contribution to the management of these challenging infections, including choosing appropriate empirical antifungal therapy.