高校研究生完美主义与应对方式:自我效能的中介作用

目的:在高校样本中,探讨自我效能在完美主义与应对方式之间的中介作用.方法:采用应对量表(COPE)、Frost完美主义量表(FMPS)、一般自我效能量表对396名高校研究生进行测量,对数据进行了相关分析及回归统计.结果:①相关分析表明,适应性完美主义与自我效能呈正相关,非适应性完美主义中的行为迟疑维度与自我效能呈负相关,相关程度均在P<0.01水平达到显著;②回归分析显示完美主义和自我效能对应对方式有预测作用.在控制了完美主义及其子维度后,自我效能仍有显著的预测作用.结论:自我效能在完美主义及应对方式之间起着重要的中介作用,适应性的完美主义者自我效能感更高,更倾向于使用问题集中性应对方式.     

高中生的完美主义与心理健康

目的:探讨高中生的完美主义与心理健康的关系。方法:用Frost多维完美主义量表(FMPS)和症状自评量表(SCL-90)对609名高中生进行测量。结果:高中生具有中度完美主义倾向,其完美土义与SCL-90总分存在负相关(r=-0.36,P<0.01),与大多数因子存在负相关。结论:高中生的完美主义对心理健康存在一定程度的影响。     

空管员的完美主义与心理健康、应付方式的相关研究

目的：探讨空管员的完美主义与心理健康．应付方式的关系。方法：用Frost多维完美主义量表（MPS）和症状自评量表（SCL-90）．应付方式问卷（CQ）对51名空管员进行测量。结果：空管员的完美主义与心理健康在总体上呈负相关（r=0．338，P〈0．01），大多数维度之间在0．01显著性水平上呈负相关。空管员的完美总分、个人标准和父母期望与成熟型应付方式呈显著正相关（r取值在0．290—0．520之间，P〈0．01），关注错误、怀疑行为、父母批评和条理组织与不成熟型应付方式呈显著正相关（r取值在0．247—0．538之间，P〈0．01）。结论：空管员的完美主义对心理健康和应付方式存在一定程度的影响。     

大学生完美主义问卷的修订

目的:结合Hewitt和Flett的完美主义心理问卷和临床经验,对Frost完美主义问卷(FMPS)进行修订。方法:由350名大学生被试对项目增订后的问卷进行填写,采用探索性因素分析对问卷的因素进行检验。结果:问卷包含50个项目,四个维度(分量表),分别是担心出错、个人标准、条理性和父母要求。因素分析表明,四个维度解释总方差的42.31%,各维度的项目载荷在0.37～0.79之间。分量表分半信度为0.73～0.88,同质性信度为0.80～0.91,重测信度为0.68～0.80(P<0.01)。与FMPS相比,修订问卷增加了15个项目,合并了FMPS的两个维度,使得问卷结果统计和对结果的解释更为简洁。结论:修订后的大学生完美主义问卷具有令人满意的信效度,适合在大学生人群中使用。     

大学生完美主义与自尊的相关研究

目的探究大学生完美主义与自尊的关系,为大学生的心理健康研究提供理论依据。方法采用Frost多维完美主义问卷(FMPS)中文版和自尊量表(SES)对河北省唐山市某高校141名大学生进行问卷调查,使用SPSS对数据进行统计分析。结果①大学生自尊在年级上存在显著差异(F=4.358,P<0.05);②大学生自尊与完美主义担心错误因子(r=0.393,P<0.05)、父母期望因子(r=0.173,P<0.05)存在显著正相关;与对行为的疑虑因子(r=0.342,P<0.01)、完美主义总分(r=0.223,P<0.01)存在显著正相关;与条理性存在显著负相关(r=-0.222,P<0.01)。结论大学生的自尊水平越高,完美主义的倾向性越强。     

大学生完美主义与抑郁、人际敏感及自杀意念的关系

目的探讨大学生完美主义与抑郁、人际关系敏感及自杀意念的关系。方法对228名大学生施测《多维度完美主义量表中文版》、《SCL-90人际关系敏感分测验》、《Beck抑郁量表》和《自杀意念自评量表》。结果①适应性完美主义维度与抑郁、人际关系敏感和自杀意念存在显著负相关,非适应性完美主义维度与这些变量存在显著正相关;②在控制其他变量后,担心错误对抑郁有显著正向预测作用(Beta=0.14,P<0.05),条理性则存在负向预测作用(Beta=-0.14,P<0.01);③在控制其他变量后,担心错误和父母期望对人际关系敏感有显著正向预测作用(Beta=0.15,P<0.05和Beta=0.13,P<0.05);④在控制其他变量后,完美主义对自杀意念无显著预测作用,进一步分析显示,抑郁和人际关系敏感在完美主义与自杀意念之间起部分中介作用。结论完美主义对抑郁和人际关系敏感有直接的影响,通过抑郁和人际关系敏感间接影响自杀意念。     

Perfectionistic traits and self‐presentation are associated with negative attitudes and concerns about seeking professional psychological help

Numerous factors influence whether an individual is able and willing to seek professional help for psychological difficulties. One of these may be perfectionism, a multidimensional personality construct that has been linked to poor psychological adjustment. The current study investigated whether perfectionism traits and self‐presentational facets were associated with negative help‐seeking attitudes and concerns about psychotherapy. Samples of university (N = 299) and community (N = 77) men and women completed the Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale, Perfectionistic Self‐Presentation Scale, Attitudes Towards Seeking Professional Help Scale, and Thoughts About Psychotherapy Survey. Various components of perfectionism were associated with both negative help‐seeking attitudes and concerns about psychotherapy. The findings suggest that perfectionistic behaviour may be an important dispositional factor that interferes with seeking and obtaining help for psychological difficulties. Theoretical and clinical implications are discussed.     

大学二年级男生的完美主义心理、羞怯与自杀念头的相关研究

目的 考察有无自杀念头的学生在完美主义心理和羞怯心理上的差异，以及探索完美主义心理与羞怯的相互关系。方法采用佛洛斯特多维完美主义心理量表和羞怯量表以及自编的自我描述问卷，对270位大学二年级男生的完美主义心理、羞怯和自杀念头等进行调查。结果 研究发现有自杀念头者更倾向于追求完美，更为羞怯；同时也发现完美主义的部分维度与羞怯呈正相关。结论 大学生的自杀念头、羞怯心理与完美主义有关，需要引起心理咨询和治疗者的注意。     

高中生的完美主义、惧怕否定与人格障碍倾向的相关研究

目的 探讨中国高中生的完美主义、惧怕否定与人格障碍倾向之间的关系.方法 以117名一至三年级高中生为样本(男生60人,女生57人),采用Frost多维完美主义心理量表、中国人人格障碍诊断量表及惧怕否定量表和对权威的畏惧感量表进行实测.结果 完美主义、惧怕否定以及对权威的畏惧感都与人格障碍倾向显著相关,且完美主义与人格障碍倾向总分的相关高于惧怕否定或对权威的畏惧感与人格障碍倾向总分的关系.完美主义中的"条理性"维度与人格障碍倾向基本上不相关.结论 人格障碍倾向与完美主义、惧怕否定、对权威的畏惧感有关;但完美主义比惧怕否定或对权威的畏惧感能更有效地预测中学生的人格障碍倾向.     

完美主义消极因子与考试焦虑:无法忍受不确定性的中介效应

目的:探讨完美主义、无法忍受不确定性和考试焦虑的关系。方法:对416名大学生施测大学生一般完美主义量表、无法忍受不确定性量表和考试焦虑量表,并使用SPSS 21.0和Amos 17.0软件对调查数据进行统计分析。结果:女生考试焦虑高于男生考试焦虑(t=2.33,P=0.02)。完美主义消极因子(在乎缺点)和无法忍受不确定性与考试焦虑相关显著(r=0.325,0.484;P0.01),路径分析发现,无法忍受不确定性在完美主义消极因子和考试焦虑之间起着部分中介作用。结论:完美主义消极因子和考试焦虑密切相关,无法忍受不确定性在两者间起着中介作用。     

完美主义对抑郁的影响及人格的调节作用

目的：考察完美主义在控制个体的焦虑水平后对抑郁的影响，并且探索该过程可能存在的调节变量。方法：使用由Frost多维完美主义问卷（FMPS），Beck抑郁问卷（BDI），人格形容词检测表（PACL）和自评焦虑问卷（SAS）N成的结构问卷对北京和西安共8所大学的407名本科生进行测量。结果：分层回归表明“行为迟疑”和“错误在意”两个消极完美主义维度在控制焦虑水平后对抑郁有显著的预测作用；“合作性”人格在“条理组织”对抑郁的影响过程中有显著的调节作用。结论：完美主义各维度对抑郁有不同的影响，干预时应结合个体自身特点区别对待。     

自尊在完美主义和抑郁间的中介效应研究

目的:在考虑完美主义的积极成分对消极成分与抑郁间关系调节效应的情况下,探讨自尊在完美主义的消极成分与抑郁间的中介效应。方法:采用近乎完美量表修订版的中文修订版、自尊量表和Beck抑郁问卷对488名大学生进行集体施测,用SPSS 12.0和Lisrel 8.70进行数据分析。结果:在整合模型中高标准调节了差异和抑郁间的关系,自尊部分中介了差异和抑郁间的关系。结论:在控制了高标准对差异和抑郁间关系的调节效应的情况下,自尊仍然部分中介差异和抑郁间的关系。     

The Structure and Correlates of Perfectionism in African American Children

This study examined the structure and symptom correlates of perfectionism in a sample of 6th-grade, urban, African American children using the Child and Adolescent Perfectionism Scale (CAPS; Flett, Hewitt, Boucher, Davidson, & Munro, 2000). Confirmatory factor analysis showed inadequate fit of the original subscales. Exploratory factor analysis suggested 3 dimensions of perfectionism: A Socially Prescribed and a Self-Oriented–Critical factor were described as maladaptive, whereas a Self-Oriented–Striving factor was proposed as adaptive. Cross-sectional correlations among the perfectionism dimensions and symptoms of psychopathology fit well with the adaptive versus maladaptive model. In addition, Socially Prescribed Perfectionism showed a robust predictive relation to 7th-grade internalizing symptoms, especially depression, in boys. Results are discussed in the context of the cultural and socioeconomic characteristics of this African American sample and suggestions for future research are provided.     

回避应对在完美主义和抑郁间的中介效应研究

目的:在考虑完美主义的积极成分的调节效应的情况下,探讨回避应对在完美主义的消极成分和抑郁间的中介效应.方法:采用近乎完美量表中文修订版、应付方式问卷和Beck抑郁问卷对454名大学生进行集体施测.结果:在整合模型中高标准调节了差异和回避应对的关系,回避应对部分中介了差异和抑郁间的关系.结论:在控制了高标准对差异和回避应对的调节效应后,回避应对仍然部分中介了差异和抑郁间的关系.     

The structure and correlates of perfectionism in African American children.

This study examined the structure and symptom correlates of perfectionism in a sample of 6th-grade, urban, African American children using the Child and Adolescent Perfectionism Scale (CAPS; Flett, Hewitt, Boucher, Davidson, & Munro, 2000). Confirmatory factor analysis showed inadequate fit of the original subscales. Exploratory factor analysis suggested 3 dimensions of perfectionism: A Socially Prescribed and a Self-Oriented-Critical factor were described as maladaptive, whereas a Self-Oriented-Striving factor was proposed as adaptive. Cross-sectional correlations among the perfectionism dimensions and symptoms of psychopathology fit well with the adaptive versus maladaptive model. In addition, Socially Prescribed Perfectionism showed a robust predictive relation to 7th-grade internalizing symptoms, especially depression, in boys. Results are discussed in the context of the cultural and socioeconomic characteristics of this African American sample and suggestions for future research are provided.     

完美主义与情绪模式、成就动机类型的相关研究

目的考察个体的消极、积极完美主义倾向与情绪模式(消极vs积极)、成就动机类型(追求成功vs避免失败)的关系。方法采用佛洛斯特多维完美主义心理量表、成就动机量表、精神疾病患者家庭负担会谈量表(BFS)对206名大学生被试的完美主义、成就动机、情绪状态进行问卷测量,并对数据进行相关分析。结果消极完美主义分别与消极情绪总分及避免失败的动机正相关(r分别为0.46和0.46,P0.01),与积极情绪总分不相关,与追求成功的动机呈弱相关(r=0.15,P0.05)。积极完美主义分别与积极情绪和追求成功的动机正相关(r=0.16,P0.05和r=0.26,P0.01),与消极情绪和避免失败的动机无关。结论高消极完美主义的个体在情绪模式上表现为消极,在动机类型上也以避免失败为主,兼有追求成功的动机。高积极完美主义的个体在情绪模式和动机类型上都表现为积极的。     

Psychometric properties of the frost multidimensional perfectionism scale in a clinical anxiety disorders sample

The purpose of this study was to examine the factor structure of the Frost Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale (MPS-F; Frost, Marten, Laharte, & Rosenblate, 1990). Although perfectionism is thought to contribute to the development of psychopathology and the MPS-F is gaining popularity for use in assessing perfectionism in clinical samples, to date the factor structure has not been examined in a clinical sample. Three hundred and twenty-two individuals diagnosed with an anxiety disorder using the SCID for DSM-IV and 49 nonclinical controls completed the MPS-F as well as a measure of perfectionism (MPS-H) developed by Hewitt and Flett ( 1991 ). Analyses suggested that the MPS-F has similar psychometric properties in clinical samples to those in nonclinical samples, and factors very similar to those observed by Frost et al. (1990) could be extracted. A 3-factor solution appeared more appropriate for statistical reasons, and the 3 scales based on these factors distinguished among diagnostic groups in a manner similar to scales based on the 6-factor solution in past research. Results were discussed in terms of the potential utility of a 3-factor solution and in terms of the general construct of perfectionism and the distinction between nonpathological high performance standards and neurotic perfectionism.     

The Structure of Perfectionism: A Twin Study

BACKGROUND: Perfectionism may be a premorbid risk factor for eating disorders. Evidence of familial transmission suggests features of perfectionism may be genetically determined. This study examines the structure of perfectionism using classical twin design models. METHODS: Independent (IP) and common (CP) pathway models are used to investigate the extent to which genetic and environmental factors can help to identify and differentiate three behavioral domains of perfectionism as measured by a shortened version of the Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale (MPS) [Frost et al. (1990). Cognit. Ther. Res. 14: 449-468]. Three of the original subscales were included: Personal standards (PS), Doubts about actions (DA), Concern over mistakes (CM). We studied a sample of 1022 paired and unpaired female twins from the Mid-Atlantic Twin Registry. RESULTS: MZ correlations were consistently higher than DZ twin correlations for all three composite subscales. The multivariate independent pathway model provided a better fit to the twin correlations then did the more parsimonious common pathway model suggesting the pattern of familial resemblance for the three subscales is not well characterized by a unidimensional perfectionism factor. CM phenotypic variance was completely accounted for by common heritability influences in both the IP and CP models. Based on the IP model results, there was evidence that PS and CM but not DA shared some common genetic effects, with DA and CM sharing some common environmental factors. CONCLUSIONS: These multivariate twin modeling results support conceptualizations of perfectionism as a multidimensional construct. The biometric structural results for the three subscales examined here suggest CM is the core feature of Perfectionism with DA and PS serving as indicators of CM. Although not the best fitting model, the common pathway model estimated this behavioral domain to be isomorphic with the construct of perfectionism. The better fitting independent pathway model provided evidence of non-trivial differences in the pattern of heritability for CM, DA, and PS.     

高中生的完美主义与知觉到的父母完美主义的相关分析

目的：了解高中生的完美主义与知觉到的父母完美主义的相关。方法：用Frost多维完美主义量表测量736名高中学生。结果：高中生的完美主义与知觉到的父母完美主义呈显著正相关，且知觉到的父亲完美主义与母亲完美主义呈显著正相关。结论：在知觉层面上，子女的完美主义受父母完美主义的影响，父亲和母亲的完美主义有许多相似之处。     

中国大学生人际关系完美主义量表在1562名高中生中的试用

目的测定中国大学生人际关系完美主义量表在高中生中的实用性。方法对1562名高中生被试的测试结果进行探索性和验证性因素分析等统计处理。结果量表包含35个项目,4个维度(分量表),分别是自我导向、他人导向、他—他导向、社会导向。因素分析结果表明,4个维度可解释总方差的51.43%,各维度的项目载荷在0.33～0.79之间。量表的同质性信度为0.70～0.82,重测信度为0.71～0.83(P<0.01)。验证性因素分析指标χ2、RMSEA、NFI、CFI、GFI均达到较理想的统计学要求。结论中国大学生人际关系完美主义量表在高中生群体中具有较理想的信效度,适合其使用。