共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 140 毫秒
1.
2.
Chia-Ying Liu Chih-Cheng Lai Hsiu-Tzy Chiang Min-Chi Lu Ling-Fang Wang Tsai-Ling Tsai Mei-Yu Kang Yi-Ni Jan Yi-Ting Lo Wen-Chien Ko Shu-Hui Tseng Chun-Ming Lee Po-Ren Hsueh 《Journal of microbiology, immunology, and infection》2019,52(1):62-74
Background/purpose
This study investigated the distribution and persistence of multidrug resistant organisms (MDROs) including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE), carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (CRPA), and multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (MDRAB) in six long-term care facilities (LTCFs).Methods
We investigated the distribution of MDROs in residents of six LTCFs and their environments from January to December 2016 (intervention period). Active surveillance of colonization of MDROs was performed by culturing rectal and nasal swab samples from the residents every three months. Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) was conducted, and genes for panton-valentine leukocidin (PVL) from MRSA isolates were determined.Results
A total of 521 samples were positive for MDROs, and MRSA was the most common organism (65.1%), followed by MDRAB (11.3%), carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (11.1%), carbapenem-resistant Escherichia coli (4.6%), and carbapenem-resistant P. aeruginosa (2.1%, n = 11). By a linear regression model, positive MRSA isolates from the environment were found to be statistically significant and associated with the number of colonized LTCF residents (p = 0.01), while the timing of the surveillance culture was not (p = 0.227). The main MLST types associated with PVL-production were sequence type (ST) 59, (40.0%, 24/60), ST30 (21.4%, 3/14), ST8 (87.5%, 14/16), and ST45 (3.6%, 1/28). The susceptibility rates of tetracycline (96.7%), trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (96.7%), and ciprofloxacin (81.7%) were statistically significant and higher in MRSA ST59, compared to the rates in MRSA ST45 isolates.Conclusions
MRSA was the most commonly colonized MDRO, both in the LTCF residents and in the environment, followed by MDRAB and carbapenem-resistant K. pneumoniae. 相似文献3.
Tsung-Hua Wu Chun-Yi Lee Hui-Ju Yang Yu-Ping Fang Yu-Fen Chang Shu-Ling Tzeng Min-Chi Lu 《Journal of microbiology, immunology, and infection》2019,52(2):248-254
Background and objective
Screening and identification of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) carriage are helpful for controlling MRSA dissemination in hospitals. The aim of our study was to determine the prevalence of nasal carriages and diversity of MRSA among patients and healthcare workers (HCWs) at two regional hospitals in Taiwan.Methods
Nasal swabs were obtained prospectively from 204 patients visiting the emergency department (ED) and 326 HCWs in two regional hospitals in Changhua, Taiwan, between February 2015 and June 2015. All the MRSA isolates were further molecularly characterized.Results
Of the 204 participating patients, the nasal carriage rates of S. aureus and MRSA were 22.1% and 7.8%, respectively. For HCWs, the S. aureus and MRSA carriage rates were 26.1% and 6.1%, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference in MRSA carriage rate between patients and HCWs (P = 0.447). Patients receiving hemodialysis were significantly associated with MRSA colonization (P = 0.012). The leading three sequence types (ST) were ST59 (16, 44.4%), ST45 (11, 30.6%), and ST239 (3, 8.3%) for all 36 MRSA isolates. ST59/SCCmec IV/t437/PVL-negative and ST45/SCCmec V/t1081/PVL-negative were the predominant clones among HCWs (30%) and participating patients (19%), respectively.Conclusion
Overall, a substantial proportion of patients visiting the ED and HCWs harbored CA-MRSA, mostly ST59 strains, in their nares. It is noteworthy that MRSA ST45 strains supplanted ST239 as the second leading nasal MRSA colonization strain in our study. 相似文献4.
P. Espinal E. Nucleo M. Caltagirone V. Mattioni Marchetti M.R. Fernandes V. Biscaro R. Rigoli A. Carattoli R. Migliavacca L. Villa 《Clinical microbiology and infection》2019,25(3):385.e1-385.e5
Objectives
Genomic characterization of the internationally spread sequence type (ST) 16 carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae.Methods
The complete genomes of three carbapenem producing ST16 K. pneumoniae from Italian patients were analysed by single-nucleotide polymorphism-based phylogeny, core genome multilocus sequence typing, resistance, plasmid, and virulence content and compared with ten genomes of ST16 strains isolated in other countries. Plasmids carrying blaNDM-1 or blaOXA-232 carbapenemase genes were assembled and sequences were analysed.Results
The internationally spread ST16 K. pneumoniae clone showed variability in terms of distribution of NDM-1 and OXA-232 type carbapenemases. In some ST16 strains, up to six plasmids can be simultaneously present in the same cell, including ColE-like plasmids carrying blaOXA-232 and IncF plasmids carrying blaNDM-1. The differences observed in plasmid, resistance, and virulence content and core genome suggested that there is not a unique, highly conserved ST16 clone, but instead different variants of this lineage circulate worldwide.Conclusions
The ST16 K. pneumoniae clone has spread worldwide and may become a high-risk clone. 相似文献5.
Thean Yen Tan Melissa Ong Yvonne Cheng Lily Siew Yong Ng 《Journal of microbiology, immunology, and infection》2019,52(1):30-34
Introduction
This retrospective study investigated the clinical etiology of community-acquired bacteremic Klebsiella pneumoniae infections, and characterized laboratory and genetic markers which may be associated with primary liver abscess (PLA).Methods
Community-onset K. pneumoniae bacteremic episodes from 2010 to 2011 were identified from the laboratory information system. Isolates were retrieved for susceptibility testing, hypermucoviscosity testing, PCR-based serotyping (K1, K2 and K5) and PCR detection of virulence genes (rmpA, alls, kfu and aerobactin). Clinical data collected from electronic medical records included primary and secondary diagnoses, co-existing morbidities, antibiotic therapy, and in-patient mortality.Results
129 bacteremic episodes were identified. The most common primary infections were pneumonia (n = 24, 18.6%), primary liver abscess (n = 21, 16.3%) and urinary tract infections (n = 21, 16.3%). Hypermucoviscosity was present in 55 isolates (42.6%). The most commonly detected virulence genes were aerobactin (n = 63, 48.8%) and rmpA (n = 59, 45.7%). Isolates causing liver abscess were significantly associated with a positive string test, rmpA, aerobactin gene, and capsular serotype K1 (all p < 0.01), but not with capsular serotype K2, K5, kfu, or allS genes. The absence of a positive string test, rmpA, or aerobactin genes had a 97.3%–100% negative predictive value for PLA. The positive predictive values of the string test, rmpA, aerobactin genes, and serotype K1 for PLA ranged from 31.7% to 35.6%.Conclusion
In our study population, pneumonia and PLA were the most common sources of community-acquired bacteremia. Hypermucoviscosity, rmpA, aerobactin, and serotype K1 could be useful laboratory markers to alert clinicians to arrange abdominal imaging to detect liver abscess. 相似文献6.
Hsiao-Chuan Lin Jang-Jih Lu Lee-Chung Lin Cheng-Mao Ho Kao-Pin Hwang Yu-Ching Liu Chao-Jung Chen 《Journal of microbiology, immunology, and infection》2019,52(1):81-89
Background
Group B Streptococcus (GBS) is an important invasive pathogen in neonates, pregnant women and the elderly. Serotype VI GBS, which has been rarely reported globally, has emerged as a significant pathogen in Asia. However, traditional serologic latex agglutination (LA) methods may fail to type isolates that lack of or low expression of CPS.Methods
A total of 104 GBS strains were analyzed by MALDI-TOF MS. Multiplex PCR and multilocus sequence typing (MLST) were also performed to confirm their strains. The protein markers were purified with gel electrophoresis and LC-column, followed by identification with nanoLC–MS/MS analysis.Results
Protein peak of 6251-Da was appeared in most (20/24, 92%) serotypes VI (94% ST-1 or single locus variant of ST-1), and protein peak of 6891-Da was appeared in most serotypes III (15/18, 83%) and Ib (19/23, 83%) strains. The protein peak of 6251-Da and 6891-Da were identified as CsbD family protein and UPF0337 protein gbs0600, respectively.Conclusions
The protein peak of 6251 Da may play a role of emergence of ST-1 clone, serotype VI GBS in central Taiwan and could be useful in rapid identifying invasive serotype VI from III isolates, which is hardly achieved by LA. 相似文献7.
MingLi Hung Deh-Feng Huang Wei-Sheng Chen Chien-Chih Lai Ming-Han Chen Hsien-Tzung Liao Chang-Youh Tsai 《Journal of microbiology, immunology, and infection》2019,52(1):114-121
Background
The clinical features and outcomes of cytomegalovirus (CMV) diseases in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) are unknown. We analyzed such data from a medical center in Taiwan.Methods
We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of patients with SLE who were diagnosed with CMV diseases between 2006 and 2016 in Taipei Veterans General Hospital Taiwan. Clinical and laboratory parameters and treatment outcomes were analyzed.Results
The study enrolled 56 eligible patients with CMV diseases and separated them into survival (n = 24) and mortality (n = 32) groups. All cases showed a significantly high incidence of pneumonitis (71.43%). The patients in the mortality group had a higher SLE disease activity index (SLEDAI)-2000 (p = 0.009), more cases of recent methylprednisolone pulse therapy (p = 0.013) and pancytopenia (p = 0.001), stronger evidence of CMV infection demonstrated by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in blood (p < 0.001) and bronchoalveolar lavage (p = 0.021), and more concurrent infections (bacteremia p = 0.026; fungemia p < 0.001).Conclusions
Recent pulse therapy, pancytopenia, and concurrent infections constituted risk factors for mortality in patients with SLE and CMV infection. Among mortality patients, PCR rather than serological tests (IgM antibodies) helped to arrive at an earlier diagnosis. 相似文献8.
Chang-Pan Liu Hsi-Peng Lu Tainyi Luor 《Journal of microbiology, immunology, and infection》2019,52(2):297-303
Background/purpose
In 2017, the World Health Organization categorized carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB) as a priority 1, critical antibiotic-resistant bacteria. This study analyzed the clinical outcomes and investigated the molecular epidemiology of CRAB bacteremia in a medical center in Northern Taiwan.Methods
We collected 62 blood isolates from patients with CRAB bacteremia from January 2014 to December 2015 at MacKay Memorial Hospital and determined the clonal relationship using the PCR-based technique for molecular epidemiology. Medical charts were reviewed for clinical outcomes.Results
Fifty-six isolates harbored the blaOXA-51-like and blaOXA-23-like carbapenemase genes, 4 isolates harbor the blaOXA-51-like and blaOXA-24-like carbapenemase genes and 2 isolates harbored only the blaOXA-51-like gene. After sequencing, all four isolates of blaOXA-24-like carbapenemase gene were confirmed to be isolates of blaOXA-72 carbapenemase genes. In multivariate analysis in the 60 patients, the independent mortality risk factors of CRAB bacteremia included ≥65 years (elderly) (Odds ratio, 4.04, 95% CI, 1.10–14.83, p = 0.035), chronic kidney disease (4.36, 1.14–16.72, p = 0.032). Isolates harboring the blaOXA-72 gene had the same sequence type (ST218) and PFGE pulsotype raising the possibility of intra-hospital transmission, and all infected patients died.Conclusion
This study showed the clonal relationship of isolates harboring the carbapenemase gene in CRAB bacteremia. Patients with the ST218 strain harboring blaOXA-72 gene had high mortality. This warrants further research to determine the mechanism of virulence and risk factors in order to reduce mortality. 相似文献9.
Y.-H. Cheng C.-L. Perng M.-J. Jian Y.-H. Cheng S.-Y. Lee J.-R. Sun H.-S. Shang 《Clinical microbiology and infection》2019,25(3):340-345
Objectives
Rapid identification of Elizabethkingia species is essential because these species show variations in antibiotic susceptibility and clinical outcomes. Many recent inaccuracies in Elizabethkingia identification by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization–time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) have been noted. Accordingly, in this study, we evaluated the use of MALDI-TOF MS with an amended database to identify isolates of Elizabethkingia anophelis, E. miricola and E. meningoseptica. We then investigated the antimicrobial susceptibility of Elizabethkingia.Methods
MALDI-TOF MS spectra were acquired from formic acid extracts overlaid with α-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic acid matrix on target slides in linear positive ion mode for m/z 2000 to 20?000 Da. Spectra were analysed and SuperSpectra were created with SARAMIS premium software. 16S rRNA gene sequencing was used as the reference standard for species identification. Antibiotic susceptibility was assessed by broth microdilution.Results
A total of 103 E. anophelis, 21 E. miricola and 11 E. meningoseptica isolates were used to calculate the average spectra and exclude common peaks. SuperSpectra were added to the SARAMIS taxonomy database; all validation results were correct, even for isolates not included in SuperSpectra. Confirmation by direct colony formation was also performed. Overall, the positive predictive value of SuperSpectra was 100% for all isolates. E. miricola (77%, 17/22) was more susceptible to levofloxacin than E. anophelis (16%, 17/105). Doxycycline and minocycline were effective against all Elizabethkingia species.Conclusions
Spectral analysis software identified significant species-specific peaks to create reference masses for efficient and accurate identification of Elizabethkingia species, providing accurate information for clinical treatment of Elizabethkingia infections. 相似文献10.
Hung-Jen Tang Chih-Cheng Lai Chi-Chung Chen Chun-Cheng Zhang Tzu-Chieh Weng Yu-Hsin Chiu Han-Siong Toh Shyh-Ren Chiang Wen-Liang Yu Wen-Chien Ko Yin-Ching Chuang 《Journal of microbiology, immunology, and infection》2019,52(2):273-281
Background/Purpose
In vitro studies of the combination of an aminoglycoside with tigecycline or doxycycline against Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase (KPC)-producing K. pneumoniae isolates are rarely published. The goal of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial activity of the combination regimens.Methods
Thirteen genetically different KPC-producing K. pneumoniae isolates were randomly selected. Drug concentrations of amikacin, gentamicin, tigecycline, and doxycycline were adjusted to 1-, 1/2-, and 1/4-fold of respective minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs). Each drug alone or the combinations of amikacin or gentamicin with tigecycline or doxycycline were tested by combination studies.Results
Treatment with the 1× MIC concentration in combinations of amikacin or gentamicin and tigecycline or doxycycline for 24 hours resulted in bactericidal activity of 84–100% in the isolates. Treatment with 1/2× MIC combinations resulted in synergism of 69–100% in the isolates. Notably, doxycycline plus gentamicin or amikacin was synergistic for all tested isolates. However, bactericidal or synergistic effect was barely evident following 1/4× MIC combinations. There was no antagonism in any of the combination regimens.Conclusion
Enhanced activity was noted following treatment with doxycycline combined with gentamicin or amikacin against KPC-producing K. pneumoniae isolates, warranting further in vitro and animal investigations before clinical application. 相似文献11.
P.J. Toliman J.M. Kaldor S.G. Badman S. Phillips G. Tan J.M.L. Brotherton M. Saville A.J. Vallely S.N. Tabrizi 《Clinical microbiology and infection》2019,21(4):496-503
Objectives
To compare the performance of self-collected vaginal (V) specimens with clinician-collected cervical (C) specimens for detection of high-risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV) and cervical disease using the Cepheid Xpert HPV, Roche Cobas 4800 HPV and Hologic Aptima HPV assays.Methods
Women aged 30–59 years (n = 1005) were recruited at two clinics in Papua New Guinea, and they provided specimens for testing at point-of-care using the Xpert HPV Test, and for subsequent testing using the Cobas HPV (n = 981) and Aptima HPV (n = 983) assays. Liquid-based cytology was performed on C specimens to predict underlying high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL). V specimen results of each assay were evaluated against a constructed reference standard and for detection of HSIL or worse.Results
There was substantial (κ >0.6) agreement in hrHPV detection between V and C specimens across all three assays. The sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values of Xpert HPV using self-collected V specimens for the detection of HPV type 16 according to the constructed reference standard were 92.1%, 93.1%, 63.6% and 98.9%, respectively; compared with 90.4%, 94.3%, 67.8% and 98.7% for Cobas 4800 HPV; and 63.2%, 97.2%, 75.0% and 95.3% for Aptima HPV. Similar results were observed for all hrHPV types (combined) and for HPV types 18/45, on all three assays. The detection of any hrHPV using self-collected specimens had high sensitivity (86%–92%), specificity (87%–94%) and negative predictive value (>98%) on all assays for HSIL positivity.Conclusions
Xpert HPV, using self-collected vaginal specimens, has sufficient accuracy for use in point-of-care ‘test-and-treat’ cervical screening strategies in high-burden, low-resource settings. 相似文献12.
Ling-Shan Syue Hung-Jen Tang Yuan-Pin Hung Po-Lin Chen Chia-Wen Li Ming-Chi Li Pei-Fang Tsai Ching-Chuan Liu Nan-Yao Lee Wen-Chien Ko 《Journal of microbiology, immunology, and infection》2019,52(2):225-232
Background
Dengue is an important mosquito-borne tropical viral disease and dual infection, though rare, has been regarded as a risk factor for severe disease and mortality. However, few studies focused on bloodstream infections (BSIs) and empirical antibiotic therapy rarely addressed.Methods
Dengue patients with concurrent or subsequent BSIs between July 1 and December 31, 2015 were included. Clinical information, laboratory data, and drug susceptibility data were collected.Results
Totally 80 patients, with an in-hospital mortality rate of 32.5%, were included and categorized into three groups. 32 patients in Group I (BSI onset within 48 h after admission), 32 in Group II (between 48 h and one week), and 16 in Group III (more than one week). Patients in Group I were older (mean age: 75.6 vs. 72.6 or 69.6 years; P = 0.01) and had a higher Charlson comorbidity index (3.1 vs. 1.8 or 1.9; P = 0.02) than those in Group II or III. Streptococcus species (28.9%, 11/38) and Escherichia coli (23.7%, 9/38) were major pathogens in Group I. Enterobacteriaceae (38.2%, 13/34) isolates predominated in Group II. Fatal patients more often received inappropriate empirical antibiotic than the survivors (61.5% vs. 35.2%; P = 0.03). According to susceptibility data, pathogens in Group I and II shared similar susceptibility profiles, and levofloxacin, cefepime, or piperacillin/tazobactam, can be empirically prescribed for those hospitalized within one week.Conclusions
BSI pathogens vary among dengue patients. For adults with dengue and suspected BSI hospitalized within one week, empirical antimicrobial agents are recommended. 相似文献13.
Background
Rhodococcus equi is a recognized cause of disease in humans, especially in individuals who are immunocompromised. Because diphtheroids are regarded as part of normal respiratory flora, the importance of R. equi as a pulmonary pathogen may not be fully appreciated and its prevalence may be underestimated. Most treatment recommendations for R. equi infection were established before antiretroviral drugs became available for human immunodeficiency virus/AIDS therapy, and therapeutic strategies may need to be updated.Objectives
To review the role of R. equi as a cause of pulmonary infection; to highlight its importance for clinicians and microbiologists; and to challenge current approaches to treatment, whether in immunodeficient or immunocompetent individuals.Sources
A PubMed search using combinations of the following terms: ‘Rhodococcus (automatically including Corynebacterium) equi’ AND ‘pneumonia’ OR ‘pulmonary’ infection, then cross-checking references in the resulting cases, case series and reviews.Content
We provide a review that details the challenges in the diagnosis, microbiology and pathogenesis of pulmonary infection caused by R. equi and the options for treatment.Implications
Ten to 14 days of treatment may be effective for pneumonia due to R. equi. Our review suggests that longer courses of therapy are needed for cavitary lesions and lung masses. However, recommendations for excessively prolonged treatment of all pulmonary infections arose during a time when many cases occurred in individuals with AIDS and before effective antiretroviral therapy was available. We suggest that the rationale for prolonged therapy with multiple antibiotics needs to be re-evaluated. 相似文献14.
K. Wagner F. Imkamp V.P. Pires P.M. Keller 《Clinical microbiology and infection》2019,25(3):383.e5-383.e7
Objectives
Rapid detection of macrolide resistance–associated mutations in Mycoplasma pneumoniae is crucial for effective antimicrobial treatment. We evaluated the Lightmix Mycoplasma macrolide assay for the detection of point mutations at nucleotide positions 2063 and 2064 in the 23S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene of M. pneumoniae that confer macrolide resistance.Methods
Samples from 3438 patients with a respiratory tract infection were analysed by M. pneumoniae real-time PCR, and 208 (6%) of them were tested positive. In this retrospective study, 163 M. pneumoniae real-time PCR–positive samples were analysed by the Lightmix assay, and results were compared to targeted 23S rRNA sequencing.Results
Macrolide-resistant M. pneumoniae were found in 15 (9%) of 163 retrospectively analysed samples. The Lightmix assay showed a sensitivity of 100% (95% confidence interval, 78.2–100) and a specificity of 100% (95% confidence interval, 97.5–100) as the detected M. pneumoniae genotype (148 wild type and 15 non–wild type) was confirmed by 23S rRNA sequencing in all samples.Conclusions
The Lightmix assay is an easy-to-use and accurate molecular test that allows rapid determination of macrolide resistance in M. pneumoniae. 相似文献15.
X. Zeng H. Gu Y. Cheng K.-R. Jia D. Liu Y. Yuan Z.-F. Chen L.-S. Peng Q.-M. Zou Y. Shi 《Clinical microbiology and infection》2019,21(4):516.e1-516.e4
Objectives
Acinetobacter baumannii can cause severe nosocomial and community-acquired pneumonia. To study the pathogenesis of A. baumannii and to develop new treatments, appropriate mouse models are needed. Most reported mouse models of pulmonary A. baumannii infection are non-lethal or require mouse immunosuppression to enhance infection. These models are not suitable for studying host immune responses or evaluating immunotherapies.Methods
The virulence of 30 clinical isolates was assessed in mice. The most virulent isolate, SJZ24, was selected to develop a pneumonia model in immunocompetent mice. The cytokine mRNA expression in the lung was assessed with real-time PCR. The cell infiltration in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) after SJZ24 infection was determined by flow cytometry. Vaccine efficacy was assessed using this model.Results
Intratracheal inoculation of SJZ24 (5 × 107 CFU) resulted in death in 100% of the mice (5/5). SJZ24-infected mice showed high bacterial burdens in blood and organs as well as severe lung-tissue damage. Infection with SJZ24 induced increased inflammatory cytokine expression in the lung and increased neutrophil infiltration in BALF. Immunization with inactivated whole cells of SJZ24 showed 100% protection (5/5) against A. baumanni infection in this model.Conclusions
We established a lethal pneumonia model in immunocompetent mice with hypervirulent A. baumannii isolate SJZ24. This model can be used to study the immune response to A. baumannii infection and to evaluate vaccine efficacy. 相似文献16.
D. Lebeaux E. Bergeron J. Berthet J. Djadi-Prat D. Mouniée P. Boiron O. Lortholary V. Rodriguez-Nava 《Clinical microbiology and infection》2019,21(4):489-495
Objectives
Nocardia, a Gram-positive bacterium, is responsible for rare and severe infections. Accurate microbiological data are essential to guide antibiotic treatment. Our primary objective was to describe species identification and results of antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) for Nocardia isolates analysed over a 6-year period. Secondary objectives were to study temporal trends in species distribution and AST results.Methods
We retrospectively analysed results from Nocardia isolates sent between January 2010 and December 2015 to a French laboratory dedicated to Nocardia (Observatoire Français des Nocardioses). Species identification was obtained by amplification and sequencing of a 600-bp fragment of the 16S rRNA gene (for all isolates) and of hsp65 (when required). AST was performed using disk diffusion.Results
We included 793 Nocardia isolates, mostly from the lungs (53.8%). The most frequent species were Nocardia farcinica (20.2%), Nocardia abscessus complex (19.9%) and Nocardia nova complex (19.5%). The proportion of N. farcinica increased significantly over time from 13% in 2010 to 27.6% in 2014. Linezolid, amikacin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, minocycline and imipenem were the most frequently identified active antibiotics with, respectively, 0% (0/734), 2.9% (21/730), 5.4% (40/734), 9.4% (69/734) and 19.5% (143/732) of isolates not susceptible. Nocardia farcinica was frequently not susceptible to cefotaxime (118/148, 79.7% of the isolates), but only about 5% of Nocardia cyriacigeorgica and N. abscessus complex isolates were not susceptible to cefotaxime.Conclusions
In this first epidemiological study of Nocardia isolated from human samples in France, N. farcinica was the species most frequently identified and its prevalence increased over time. 相似文献17.
Chi-Yu Chen Ping-Hsuan Hsieh Chung-Yu Chang Shan-Tzu Yang Yen-Hsu Chen Ko Chang Po-Liang Lu 《Journal of microbiology, immunology, and infection》2019,52(2):289-296
Background/Purpose
: The increasing trend of ceftriaxone resistant non-typhoidal Salmonella (NTS) worldwide is of serious concern, however, data is lacked in southern Taiwan.Methods
Salmonella isolates were collected at a regional hospital in Kaohsiung during 2004–2013. Ceftriaxone resistant NTS isolates were further characterized for beta-lactamases, typed by pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), multilocus sequence typing (MLST) and their plasmids were analyzed by PCR replicon typing and plasmid mutilocus sequence typing.Results
Among 528 NTS isolates, the most common serogroup is serogroup B (44.9%), followed by serogroup D, and serogroup C. Eleven (2.1%) isolates were resistant to ceftriaxone and were distributed in three peak periods (2010, 2011, and 2013). PFGE and MLST revealed the ten serogroup B isolates were of two clones. Beta-lactamase genes were detected in 10 of the 11 isolates, including CMY-2 (5 isolates), TEM-1 (2), CTX-M-14 (1), and 2 isolates carried both TEM-1 and CMY-2. Plasmid incompatibility types were identified in 9 (81.8%) isolates; three were IncI1, three was IncHI2, one was IncFIB and two had both replicons of IncI1 and IncHI2. The only ESBL gene blaCTM-X-14 was found in an isolate with plasmid belonged to IncHI2, which has not been reported in NTS in Taiwan before. Most MLST types and plasmid MLST types of NTS isolates in this study are different from those in northern Taiwan.Conclusion
Though clonal spread of ceftriaxone resistant NTS was suggested by PFGE and MLST, plasmid characterization and beta-lactamase detection revealed their plasmid types and beta-lactamase types were different. 相似文献18.
Tsung-Yu Huang Chien-Hui Hung Wei-Hsiu Hsu Kuo-Ti Peng Ming-Szu Hung Li-Ju Lai Hui-Ju Chuang Wan-Ling Tai Yu-Pei Ku Ting-Shu Wu 《Journal of microbiology, immunology, and infection》2019,52(2):312-319
Background
Genitourinary tuberculosis (GUTB) is rare but fatal if not diagnosed early. The purpose of this study was to investigate the outcomes of GUTB in Taiwan.Methods
We retrospectively reviewed medical records of 57 patients who were diagnosed as GUTB from January 2002 to December 2016, over a 15-year period. Demographic data and clinical manifestations were recorded for analysis.Results
There were 37 males and 20 females with a median age of 71 years. Kidney (24.6%) was the most involved organ. Fever (56.1%) was the major presentation. Sixteen (28.1%) patients presented unfavorable outcome. Compared with the favorable outcome group, the unfavorable outcome group had more malignancy (p = 0.013), fever (p = 0.020), anemia (p = 0007), thrombocytopenia (p = 0.003), and hypoalbuminemia (p = 0.015). In a multivariate analysis, fever (odds ratio: 42.716, 95% confidence interval: 1.032–1767.569; p = 0.048) was identified as prognostic factors for unfavorable outcome.Conclusion
GUTB is often in advanced stages with a high mortality in Taiwan. Establishing a diagnosis is difficult and requires thorough investigation. Fever is associated with unfavorable outcome. 相似文献19.
Yhu-Chering Huang Lin-Hui Su Tsu-Lan Wu Tzou-Yien Lin 《Journal of microbiology, immunology, and infection》2019,52(2):242-247
Background
Carriage of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is associated with its transmission. International travels and massive gatherings may accelerate such transmission. MRSA carriage was surveyed among the attendees of two international medical conferences held in Taipei in 2010.Methods
A total of 209 attendees from 23 countries were recruited. Nasal specimens were collected from each volunteer and subjected to polymerase chain reaction (PCR) detection for MRSA. Molecular analysis, including pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, multilocus sequence typing (MLST), typing of staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) and staphylococcal protein A (spa) genes, and detection of Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL) and sasX genes, was performed.Results
MRSA carriage was detected in 10 (4.8%) attendees from Vietnam (3/8, 37.5%), Korea (2/6, 33.3%), Japan (2/41, 4.9%), Philippines (2/52, 3.8%), and Bangladesh (1/4, 25.0%). The proportion of MRSA colonizers was significantly higher in the local hospital group compared to those from the other groups (3/17 vs. 7/192, p < 0.05). Six MRSA isolates were available for molecular analysis. They all carried a type IV SCCmec gene. Five pulsotypes were identified; four genotypes, respectively, were identified by MLST and spa typing. None of the isolates carried either PVL or sasX genes. None of common molecular characteristics was shared by isolates from different countries. Most of these isolates were local endemic community clone in each country.Conclusions
As healthcare workers, a certain proportion of international medical conference attendees harbored MRSA in their nares, mostly local endemic community clones in each country, which has the potential of spread among attendees. 相似文献20.