Reamed and unreamed intramedullary nailing for the treatment of open and closed tibial fractures: a subgroup analysis of randomised trials

The choice between reamed and unreamed intramedullary nailing for the treatment of open and closed tibial fractures is an ongoing controversy. We carried out a comprehensive search strategy. Six eligible randomised controlled trials were included. Three reviewers independently assessed methodological quality and extracted outcome data. Analyses were performed using Review Manager 5.0. The results showed lower risks of tibial fracture nonunion and implant failures with reamed nails compared to unreamed nails in closed tibial fractures [relative risk (RR): 0.41, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.21–0.89, P = 0.008 for nonunion and RR: 0.35, 95% CI: 0.22–0.56, P < 0.0001 for implant failures], but no statistical differences in risk reduction of malunion, compartment syndrome, embolism and infection. Our results suggested no statistical differences in risk reduction of all the complications evaluated between reamed and unreamed nails in open tibial fractures. In conclusion, our study recommended reamed nails for the treatment of closed tibial fractures. But the choice for open tibial fractures remains uncertain.     

Current management of tibial shaft fractures: A survey of 450 Canadian orthopedic trauma surgeons

Background and purpose?Strategies to manage tibial fractures include nonoperative and operative approaches. Strategies to enhance healing include a variety of bone stimulators. It is not known what forms of management for tibial fractures predominate among Canadian orthopedic surgeons. We therefore asked a representative sample of orthopedic trauma surgeons about their management of tibial fracture patients.

Methods?This was a cross-sectional survey of 450 Canadian orthopedic trauma surgeons. We inquired about demographic variables and current tibial shaft fracture management strategies.

Results?268 surgeons completed the survey, a response rate of 60%. Most respondents (80%) managed closed tibial shaft fracture operatively; 47% preferred reamed intramedullary nailing and 40% preferred unreamed. For open tibial shaft fractures, 59% of surgeons preferred reamed intramedullary nailing. Some surgeons (16%) reported use of bone stimulators for management of uncomplicated open and closed tibial shaft fractures, and almost half (45%) made use of this adjunctive modality for complicated tibial shaft fractures. Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound and electrical stimulation proved equally popular (21% each) and 80% of respondents felt that a reduction in healing time of 6 weeks or more, attributed to a bone stimulator, would be clinically important.

Interpretation?Current practice regarding orthopedic management of tibial shaft fractures in Canada strongly favors operative treatment with intramedullary nailing, although respondents were divided in their preference for reamed and unreamed nailing. Use of bone stimulators is common as an adjunctive modality in this injury population. Large randomized trials are needed to provide better evidence to guide clinical decision making regarding the choice of reamed or unreamed nailing for tibial shaft fractures, and to inform surgeons about the actual effect of bone stimulators.     

A prospective controlled study of continuous spinal analgesia versus repeat epidural analgesia after accidental dural puncture in labour

BackgroundAfter accidental dural puncture in labour it is suggested that inserting an intrathecal catheter and converting to spinal analgesia reduces postdural puncture headache and epidural blood patch rates. This treatment has never been tested in a controlled manner.MethodsThirty-four hospitals were randomised to one of two protocols for managing accidental dural puncture during attempted labour epidural analgesia: repeating the epidural procedure or converting to spinal analgesia by inserting the epidural catheter intrathecally. Hospitals changed protocols at six-month intervals for two years.ResultsOne hundred and fifteen women were recruited but 18 were excluded from initial analysis because of practical complications which had the potential to affect the incidence of headache and blood patch rates. Of the remaining 97 women, 47 were assigned to the repeat epidural group and 50 to the spinal analgesia group. Conversion to spinal analgesia did not reduce the incidence of postdural puncture headache (spinal 72% vs. epidural 62%, P = 0.2) or blood patch (spinal 50% vs. epidural 55%, P = 0.6). Binary logistic analysis revealed the relative risk of headache increased with 16-gauge vs. 18-gauge epidural needles (RR = 2.21, 95% CI 1.4–2.6, P = 0.005); anaesthetist inexperience (RR = 1.02 per year difference in experience, 95% CI 1.001–1.05, P = 0.043), and spontaneous vaginal compared to caesarean delivery (RR = 1.58, 95% CI 1.14–1.79, P = 0.02). These same factors also increased the risk of a blood patch: 16-gauge vs. 18-gauge needles (RR = 2.92, 95% CI 1.37–3.87, P = 0.01), anaesthetist inexperience (RR = 1.06 per year difference in experience, 95% CI 1.02–1.09, P = 0.006), spontaneous vaginal versus caesarean delivery (RR = 2.22, 95% CI 1.47–2.63, P = 0.002). When all patients were included for analysis of complications, there was a significantly greater requirement for two or more additional attempts to establish neuraxial analgesia associated with repeating the epidural (41% vs. 12%, P = 0.0004) and a 9% risk of second dural puncture.ConclusionsConverting to spinal analgesia after accidental dural puncture did not reduce the incidence of headache or blood patch, but was associated with easier establishment of neuraxial analgesia for labour. The most significant factor increasing headache and blood patch rates was the use of a 16-gauge compared to an 18-gauge epidural needle.     

Comparative study between biologic plating and intramedullary nailing for the treatment of subtrochanteric fractures: Is biologic plating using LCP-DF superior to intramedullary nailing?

BackgroundThe objective of this study is to evaluate the outcome measures of subtrochanteric fractures between biologic plating and intramedullary nailing and determine if biologic plating is superior to intramedullary nailing.MethodsBetween March 2009 and December 2015, 81 patients with subtrochanteric fractures were enrolled (52 males and 29 females; 31 treated with biologic plating and 50 with intramedullary nailing). Biologic plating was conducted consecutively between May 2011 and March 2013 and intramedullary nailing was performed for the rest of period. Perioperative outcomes including operation time and blood loss during the operation; postoperative radiologic outcomes including union, time to union, coronal alignment, and shortening of the femur; and clinical outcomes including walking ability and pain were evaluated. The biologic plating group was compared with the intramedullary nailing group as a historical control.ResultsNo significant differences were identified for bony union and time to union between the two different fixation methods Coronal alignment was significantly better in the biologic plating group than in the intramedullary nailing group (p < 0.016). Postoperative coronal alignment was the only risk factor associated with the nonunion of subtrochanteric fractures (unadjusted OR: 1.915, 95% CI: 0.190 − 19.273; adjusted OR: 0.042, 95% CI: 0.000 − 21.517; p = 0.320).ConclusionSurgical outcomes using LCP-DF are comparable to those using intramedullary nailing. Further clinical studies with a larger sample size are required to show the advantage of biologic plating for the treatment of subtrochanteric fractures.     

Factors associated with rapid progression to knee arthroplasty: complete analysis of three-year data from the osteoarthritis initiative

ObjectivesOnly a few studies have identified prognostic factors indicating risk of future knee arthroplasty in patients with osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee. The Osteoarthritis Initiative (OAI) is a National Institutes of Health and privately funded cohort study of 4796 persons with or at high risk of knee OA. The OAI is ideally suited to a more extensive study of knee arthroplasty prognostic factors than has been undertaken. The purpose of our study was to identify patient factors which predict rapid progression to knee arthroplasty, defined as arthroplasty within three years of baseline data collection.MethodsWe used alternating logistic regression models to analyze complete three year follow-up data from the OAI on 4670 persons with, or at risk for knee OA, aged 45 to 79 years during the years 2004 to 2008.ResultsA total of 128 knees (116 persons) underwent knee arthroplasty during the study period. After adjusting for known prognostic factors, several previously unidentified predictors of future knee arthroplasty were found including past history of knee surgery (RR = 2.04, 95% CI = 1.33, 3.13), knee flexion contracture in degrees (RR = 1.06, 95% CI = 1.02, 1.11) and pain, on a 0 to 10 scale, with active knee flexion (RR = 1.58, 95% CI = 1.04, 2.39).Discussion/ConclusionsThis study identifies new and easily measured clinical variables that are associated with more rapid progression to arthroplasty. The data may help to inform both physicians and patients of medical history and clinical examination findings most highly associated with short-term arthroplasty.     

Intra-operative fluoroscopy time and radiation dose during suprapatellar tibial nailing versus infrapatellar tibial nailing

BackgroundFractures of the tibial shaft are routinely managed with intramedullary nailing. An increasingly accepted technique is the suprapatellar extended leg method. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the suprapatellar tibial nailing technique offers shorter intraoperative fluoroscopy times and lower radiation doses when compared to the traditional infrapatellar technique.Study design and methodsData from 200 consecutive intramedullary tibial nailing operations in our level 1 Major Trauma Centre were retrospectively collected from a prospective database (January 2014–December 2017). Only acute diaphyseal nailing procedures were included. The operations were performed by seven senior trauma consultants experienced in both suprapatellar and infrapatellar tibial nailing. The operations were divided into two groups: infrapatellar and suprapatellar. Intraoperative radiation time and dose data were collected.ResultsA total of 90 cases were included and analysed. The majority of the patients were male (82%). 37 operations were infrapatellar and 53 were suprapatellar. Independent samples t-test revealed lower radiation time and dose for the suprapatellar group. The infrapatellar group had a mean radiation time of 129.7 ± 56.6 s versus 94.4 ± 47.9 s for the suprapatellar group. The infrapatellar group had a mean radiation dose (Dose Area Product) 53.6 ± 34.2 cGY cm² versus 38.2 ± 26.7 cGY cm² for the suprapatellar group. The difference in mean radiation time and mean radiation dose were both significant (p = 0.002 and p = 0.02 respectively).ConclusionsSuprapatellar tibial nailing is an increasingly accepted technique in the management of tibial fractures. It is shown here that amongst surgeons experienced in both suprapatellar and infrapatellar nailing techniques, the suprapatellar approach trends towards lower use of intra-operative fluoroscopy as measured by time and dose and thus potentially lower radiation exposure to the operating surgeon, assistants and patient.     

Is device-assisted reduction prior to semi-extended intramedullary nailing of distal tibial fractures necessary?

IntroductionTraditional methods of nailing distal tibial fractures have an unacceptable risk of mal-alignment due to difficulty in obtaining and maintaining reduction intra-operatively. Methods to obtain and maintain reduction when nailing these fractures, and therefore reducing the risk of Mal-alignment include modified external fixators, distractors and commercial reduction tools. Semi-extended intramedullary nailing of distal tibial fractures via a supra-patellar approach is now being used more commonly. The aim of this study was to assess whether a commercial reduction device (Staffordshire Orthopaedic Reduction Machine − STORM, Intelligent Orthopaedics, Stafffordshire, UK) is necessary to reduce the risk of mal-alignment in patients undergoing semi-extended nailing for distal tibial fractures.MethodologyA case-control study was conducted in 20 patients who had STORM-assisted reduction of distal tibial fractures prior to intramedullary nailing and 20 controls without STORM. The control group was matched for age, sex, fracture type (AO/OTA), ASA and gender. All patients had an intramedullary nail (IMN) using the semi-extended system. Primary outcome measures were coronal and sagittal mal-alignment. Secondary outcome measure was unplanned return to theatre for complications and problems with fracture healing.ResultsThere was no difference in post-operative mal-alignment in both groups. There was no significant difference in time to union in both groups Both groups had equal number of patients requiring unplanned return to theatre. The STORM group was associated with a significantly increased operative time [p = 0.007, 130.3 min (SD 49.4) STORM vs 95.6 mins (SD 22.9) Control].ConclusionIntraoperative use of STORM significantly increases operative time with no difference in outcome. The superior orthogonal views and manual control obtained during semi-extended nailing via a supra-patellar approach obviate the need for additional methods: of intraoperative reduction for this fracture group.     

Clinical outcomes of autogenous cancellous bone grafts obtained through the portal for tibial nailing

BackgroundThe purpose of this study is to introduce and review the clinical outcomes of a new technique for harvesting autogenous cancellous bone grafts in association with tibial intramedullary (IM) nailing.Materials and methodsWe retrospectively reviewed 21 patients who received autogenous cancellous bone grafts obtained from the entry portal of a tibial IM nail for fracture gaps, malalignment or nonunion in the lower extremities. All patients were scheduled to receive IM nailing or had already received IM nailing for the fixation of an ipsilateral tibia shaft fracture. A total of 33 patients who received only tibial IM nailing were selected as a control group. Through the follow-up, postoperative complications related to the bone harvest were monitored. Further by taking serial X-rays, radiographic changes of the donor site and the knee joint were closely observed. Knee pain (visual analogue scale (VAS)) and function (Lysholm knee score) were compared between the study group and the control group.ResultsAt the last follow-up, the average VAS in the study group was 1.28 (0–5), which was not significantly different from the control group (VAS: 1.36, range 0–7) (P = 0.985). The range of motion of the knee joint was similar in both groups, averaging 130.23° (range: 115–135°) and 131.36° (range: 115–135°), respectively. There was no significant difference in the Lysholm knee score between the study and control groups (P = 0.610). All patients exhibited complete fracture healing at an average of 6 months and no complications associated with the bone donor site were observed.ConclusionsBy using the new technique, autogenous cancellous bone grafting can be performed conveniently and safely to treat fracture gaps, malalignment or nonunion in the lower extremities without additional morbidity at the donor site.     

扩髓与非扩髓髓内钉固定治疗胫骨闭合性骨折的系统评价

[目的]系统评价扩髓髓内钉(reamed intramedullary nailing,RTN)与非扩髓髓内钉(unreamed intr-amedullary nailing,UTN)治疗胫骨闭合性骨折的疗效。[方法]通过计算机检索、手工检索和其他检索方法,收集RTN与UTN治疗胫骨闭合性骨折的随机对照试验(randomized controlled trials,RCT)和半随机对照试验(quasi-ran-domized controlled trials,CCT),按Cochrane协作网推荐的方法进行系统评价。[结果]共纳入6个RCT研究,总病例数为1214例。Meta分析显示:(1)RTN组的骨折不愈合率低于UTN组,差异有统计学意义(RR=0.41;95%CI(0.21,0.78),P=0.007);(2)RTN组的内置物失败率低于UTN组,差异有统计学意义(RR=0.32;95%CI(0.20,0.50),P<0.000 1);(3)RTN组与UTN组术后畸形愈合率及感染率差异无统计学意义,两者相对危险度分别为0.45(95%CI(0.16,1.22),P=0.12)、0.45(95%CI(0...     

自体骨移植与骨替代物手术治疗胫骨平台骨折的Meta分析

目的：通过Meta分析系统评价自体骨移植和骨替代物治疗胫骨平台骨折的临床疗效。方法：计算机检索2005年1月至2022年8月PubMed、Web of Science、中国知网、万方等数据库已发表的关于自体骨移植和骨替代物治疗胫骨平台骨折的病例对照研究文献。根据纳排标准进行文献筛选及数据提取,对入选的随机对照研究（randomized controlled trial,RCT）采用Cochrane手册中的干预性Meta分析标准进行质量评价。采用RevMan 5.3软件对两种方法的关节凹陷、关节面二次塌陷率、失血量、手术时间和感染率进行Meta分析。结果：共纳入7项RCT研究,424例患者,其中骨替代物组296例,自体骨移植组128例。两组手术时间[MD=-16.79,95%CI(-25.72,-7.85),P=0.000 2],出血量[MD=-70.49,95%CI(-79.34,-61.65),P<0.000 01]比较,差异有统计学意义。而关节凹陷[MD=-0.17,95%CI(-0.91,0.58),P=0.66],关节面二次塌陷率[RR=-0.74,95%CI(0.35,...     

Effect of acute reamed versus unreamed intramedullary nailing on compartment pressure when treating closed tibial shaft fractures: a randomized prospective study

OBJECTIVE: To compare anterior and deep posterior compartment pressures during reamed and unreamed intramedullary nailing of displaced, closed tibial shaft fractures. DESIGN: Randomized prospective study. SETTING: University Hospital/Level I trauma center. PATIENTS: Forty-eight adults with forty-nine fractures treated with intramedullary nailing within three days of injury. INTERVENTION: After intraoperative placement of compartment pressure monitors, the tibia fractures were treated by either unreamed intramedullary nailing or reamed intramedullary nailing. A fracture table and skeletal traction were not used in any of these procedures. MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS: Compartment pressures and deltaP ([diastolic blood pressure] - [compartment pressure]) were measured immediately preoperatively, intraoperatively, and for twenty-four hours postoperatively. RESULTS: Compartment syndrome did not occur in any patient. Peak average pressures were obtained during reaming in the reamed group (30.0 millimeters of mercury anterior compartment, 34.7 millimeters of mercury deep posterior compartment) and during nail insertion in the unreamed group (33.9 millimeters of mercury anterior compartment, 35.2 millimeters of mercury deep posterior compartment). The average pressures quickly returned to less than thirty millimeters of mercury and remained there for the duration of the study. The deep posterior compartment pressures were lower in the reamed group than in the unreamed group at ten, twelve, fourteen, sixteen, eighteen, twenty, twenty-two, and twenty-four hours postoperatively (p < 0.05 at each of these times. A statistically significant difference between anterior compartment pressures could not be shown with the numbers available. The deltaP values were greater than thirty millimeters of mercury at all times after nail insertion in both the reamed and unreamed groups. CONCLUSION: These data support acute (within three days of injury) reamed intramedullary nailing of closed, displaced tibial shaft fractures without the use of a fracture table.     

Polymorphisms in the estrogen receptor genes are associated with hip fractures in Chinese

IntroductionHip fractures (HF) are a major cause of public health burden with strong genetic determination. However, the true causal genes remain largely unknown.Materials and methodsBased on the important biological role of estrogens in bone homeostasis, this study aimed to investigate whether the estrogen receptor genes, ESR1 and ESR2, affect the onset of HF in 700 elderly Chinese subjects (350 with osteoporotic HF and 350 healthy controls). We genotyped 32 SNPs in total and examined their associations both by the single-SNP and haplotype tests.ResultsWe identified two novel SNPs of ESR1, rs3020314 and rs1884051, were significantly associated with HF (rs3020314: P = 0.0004, OR = 1.66, 95%CI: 1.25–2.18; rs1884051: P = 0.0004, OR = 1.46, 95%CI: 1.19–1.81). We firstly detected significant association of ESR2 with HF (rs960070: P = 0.0070, OR = 1.43, 95%CI: 1.10–1.86). Haplotype analyses corroborated our single-SNP results.ConclusionOur findings have important implications for understanding the pathology of osteoporotic fractures. Independent replication studies are needed to validate our results and explore the most possible functional variants for molecular studies.     

The increasing incidence of paediatric diaphyseal both-bone forearm fractures and their internal fixation during the last decade

BackgroundThe incidence of children's forearm fractures is increasing worldwide. This is different from the declining trend observed in the overall injury rate, and the reason for the increase is not known. Diaphyseal forearm fractures comprise 3–6% of all paediatric fractures, and they offer a challenge to their treatment. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the incidence of diaphyseal both-bone forearm fractures in children during the last decade in Northern Finland. Another objective was to study the background factors, treatment, and re-displacement of these fractures.Materials and methodsAll 168 children (<16 years) admitted to our paediatric trauma centre due to diaphyseal both-bone forearm fractures during 2000–2009 were included. The type of injury, background factors, radiographics, treatments and re-dislocations were reviewed. The age-related incidence rates were evaluated.ResultsThe incidence of diaphyseal both-bone forearm fractures increased 4.4-fold (95% CI 2.0–10.8; P < 0.001) between 2000 (8.2/100 000) and 2009 (35.9/100 000). The increase in the incidence was accelerating (P < 0.001) and the overall increase was 338%. The incidence of surgical treatment for diaphyseal fractures increased 4.2-fold (95% CI 1.9–10.4, P = 0.001), which is in relation to increasing number of fractures. However, internal fixation increased from 13.3% in 2000–2001 to 52.7% in 2008–2009 (P = 0.015), as an alternative to conservative treatment. The re-displacement rate was high (29.9%) amongst the patients with conservative treatment compared to those who were invasively operated (1.4%) (P < 0.001). The mean age of the patients increased by 2.4 years in the study period (P = 0.019). Trampoline was the most important and still increasing reason for the fractures. At the beginning of the study, there were no trampoline-related fracture, but towards the end of the study 30–41% of the fractures were caused by a trampoline injury (P = 0.004).ConclusionsThere was an accelerating increase in the incidence of paediatric diaphyseal both-bone forearm fractures during the last decade. Trampoline was the most important and still increasing reason for these fractures. The mean age of the patients was increasing. Increasing proportion of diaphyseal both-bone forearm fractures was treated operatively. Re-displacement was unusual amongst operated cases.     

An economic analysis of management strategies for closed and open grade I tibial shaft fractures

Background?Closed and open grade I (low-energy) tibial shaft fractures are a common and costly event, and the optimal management for such injuries remains uncertain.

Methods?We explored costs associated with treatment of low-energy tibial fractures with either casting, casting with therapeutic ultrasound, or intramedullary nailing (with and without reaming) by use of a decision tree.

Results?From a governmental perspective, the mean associated costs were USD 3,400 for operative management by reamed intramedullary nailing, USD 5,000 for operative management by non-reamed intramedullary nailing, USD 5,000 for casting, and USD 5,300 for casting with therapeutic ultrasound. With respect to the financial burden to society, the mean associated costs were USD 12,500 for reamed intramedullary nailing, USD 13,300 for casting with therapeutic ultrasound, USD 15,600 for operative management by non-reamed intramedullary nailing, and USD 17,300 for casting alone.

Interpretation?Our analysis suggests that, from an economic standpoint, reamed intramedullary nailing is the treatment of choice for closed and open grade I tibial shaft fractures. Considering financial burden to society, there is preliminary evidence that treatment of low-energy tibial fractures with therapeutic ultrasound and casting may also be an economically sound intervention.     

外固定架与切开复位内固定治疗桡骨远端骨折Meta分析

目的:通过Meta分析评价钢板内固定(open reduction and internal fixation,ORIF)与外固定架(external fix-ator,EF)固定治疗桡骨远端骨折的临床疗效及安全性.方法:通过计算机检索数据库,包括中国知网(CNKI)、维普(VIP)、万方数据(Wanfang Data...     

Exchange reamed nailing for aseptic nonunion of the tibia

BACKGROUND: Exchange reamed nailing of the tibia is a common procedure in the treatment of an aseptic tibial nonunion. However, reports in the literature supporting this technique are limited. METHODS: Forty patients with a tibial nonunion after initial unreamed intramedullary nailing were retrospectively assessed after an exchange reamed nailing. The main outcome measurements included radiographic and clinical union as well as time from exchange reamed nailing to union. RESULTS: Thirty-eight patients achieved union of their fracture (95%). The average time from exchange nailing to union was 29 +/- 21 weeks. Complications included one deep vein thrombosis (2.5%) and two hardware failures (5%). CONCLUSION: Exchange reamed nailing for nonunions of the tibia results in a high union rate and is associated with a low complication rate. This technique is recommended as a standard procedure for aseptic tibial nonunions after initial unreamed intramedullary nailing.     

The efficacy of dendritic cell vaccine for newly diagnosed glioblastoma: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled studies

IntroductionThe efficacy of dendritic cell vaccine to treat glioblastoma remained elusive and therefore we conducted a meta-analysis to explore the influence of dendritic cell vaccine on treatment efficacy of glioblastoma.MethodsPubMed, EMbase, Web of science, EBSCO and Cochrane library databases have been searched through October 2020, and we included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) assessing the efficacy of dendritic cell vaccine for glioblastoma.ResultsFour RCTs and 267 patients were included in the meta-analysis. Compared to control group for glioblastoma, dendritic cell vaccine demonstrated no obvious impact on overall survival (HR = 0.59; 95% CI = 0.34 to 1.04; P = 0.07), progression-free survival (PFS, HR = 0.72; 95% CI = 0.52 to 1.00; P = 0.05), nervous system disorders (OR = 0.61; 95% CI = 0.29 to 1.29; P = 0.20), or adverse events (OR = 1.44; 95% CI = 0.82 to 2.50; P = 0.20).ConclusionsDendritic cell vaccine may be not effective to treat glioblastoma.     

腓骨固定在胫腓骨关节外骨折中治疗效果的Meta分析

目的:通过Meta分析比较腓骨固定在胫腓骨关节外骨折中的作用及重要性。方法:通过对中国知网、维普、万方、The Cochrane Library、Web of science、Pubmed等数据库关于固定腓骨与否对胫腓骨关节外骨折治疗疗效比较的相关文献进行检索,检索时间为2012年1月至2022年2月,使用RevMan 5.3软件进行统计分析。对腓骨固定组与不固定组的复位不良率、旋转畸形率、内翻或外翻畸形率、前或后发畸形率、不愈合率、术后感染率、二次手术率及手术时间进行比较。结果:共纳入11篇文献,6篇随机对照研究和5篇病例对照研究,有8篇为高质量文献,共813例患者,其中腓骨固定治疗383例,未固定腓骨430例。Meta分析结果显示,与未固定腓骨相比,治疗胫腓骨关节外骨折时固定腓骨可以降低术后旋转畸形率[RR=0.22,95%CI(0.10,0.45),P<0.000 1]和内翻或外翻畸形率[RR=0.34,95%CI(0.14,0.84),P=0.02],并促进骨折愈合[RR=0.76,95%CI(0.58,0.99),P=0.04]。而复位不良率[RR=0.48,95%CI(0.10,2.33),P=0.36],前或后畸形率[RR=1.50,95%CI(0.76,2.96),P=0.24],术后感染率[RR=1.43,95%CI(0.76,2.72),P=0.27],二次手术率[RR=1.32,95%CI(0.82,2.11),P=0.25],手术时间[MD=10.21,95%CI(-17.79,38.21),P=0.47]比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:在治疗胫腓骨关节外骨折时腓骨固定组相较于不固定组在防止旋转畸形和内翻或外翻畸形以及促进愈合方面更具优势。     

Systematic review shows lowered risk of nonunion after reamed nailing in patients with closed tibial shaft fractures

Nonunion after intramedullary nailing (IMN) in patients with tibial shaft fractures occurs up to 16%. There is no agreement whether reaming prior to IMN insertion would reduce the nonunion rate. We aimed to compare the nonunion rate between reamed and unreamed IMN in patients with tibial shaft fractures.A systematic search was conducted in Pubmed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library. The selected publications were: (1) randomised controlled trials; (2) comparing the nonunion rate; (3) in patients with tibial shaft fractures; (4) treated with either reamed or unreamed IMN.Seven studies that satisfied the criteria were identified. They showed that reamed IMN led to reduction of nonunion rate compared to unreamed IMN in closed tibial shaft fractures (risk difference ranging 7.0-20%, number needed to treat ranging 5-14), while the difference between compared treatments for open tibial shaft fractures was not clinically relevant.The evidence showed a consistent trend of reduced nonunion rate in closed tibial shaft fracture treated with reamed compared to unreamed IMN.     

Computer navigation in the reduction and fixation of femoral shaft fractures: a randomized control study

ObjectivesWe investigated the accuracy of reduction of intramedullary nailed femoral shaft fractures in human cadavers, comparing conventional and computer navigation techniques.MethodsTwenty femoral shaft fractures were created in human cadavers, with segmental defects ranging from 9 to 53 mm in length (Winquist 3–4, AO 32C2). All fractures were fixed with antegrade 9 mm diameter femoral nails on a radiolucent operating table. Five fractures (“Fluoro” group) were fixed with conventional techniques and fifteen fractures (“Nav 1” and “Nav 2” groups) with computer navigation, using fluoroscopic images of the normal femur to correct for length and rotation. Postoperative CT scans compared femoral length and rotation with the normal leg.ResultsMean leg length discrepancy in the computer navigation groups was smaller, namely, 3.6 mm for Nav 1 (95% CI: 1.072 to 6.128) and 4.2 mm for Nav 2 (95% CI: 0.63 to 7.75) vs. 9.8 mm for Fluoro (95% CI: 6.225 to 13.37) (p < 0.023). Mean rotational discrepancies were 8.7° for Nav 1 (95% CI: 4.282 to 13.12) and 5.6° for Nav 2 (95% CI: ?0.65 to 11.85) vs. 9.0° for Fluoro (95% CI: 2.752 to 15.25) (p = 0.650).ConclusionsComputer navigation significantly improves the accuracy of femoral shaft fracture fixation with regard to leg length, but not rotational deformity.