Laparoscopic Rectosigmoid Resection for Acute Sigmoid Diverticulitis

Abstract   Laparoscopic sigmoid colectomy has been widely accepted as elective approach but is, however, still discussed controversially for acute cases. Patients receiving a laparoscopic early single-stage procedure benefit from an early postoperative convalescence with a minimum of disability. As more surgeons gain expertise in minimally invasive surgery of the rectosigmoid, this video highlights the main steps of a rectosigmoid resection for acute complicated diverticulitis. Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.     

Outcomes of Conversion of Laparoscopic Colorectal Surgery to Open Surgery

Objectives:

There is limited data regarding the outcomes of patients who undergo conversion to open surgery during a laparoscopic operation in colorectal resection. We sought to identify the outcomes of such patients.

Methods:

The NIS (National Inpatient Sample) database was used to identify patients who had conversion from laparoscopic to open colorectal surgery during the 2009 to 2012 period. Multivariate regression analysis was performed to identify risk-adjusted outcomes of conversion to open surgery.

Results:

We sampled 776 007 patients who underwent colorectal resection. 337 732 (43.5%) of the patients had laparoscopic resection. Of these, 48 265 procedures (14.3%) were converted to open surgery. The mortality of converted patients was increased, when compared with successfully completed laparoscopic operations, but was still lower than that of open procedures (0.6% vs. 1.4% vs. 3.9%, respectively; adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 1.61 and 0.58, respectively; P < .01). The most common laparoscopic colorectal procedure was right colectomy (41.2%). The lowest rate of conversion is seen with right colectomy while proctectomy had the highest rate of conversion (31.2% vs. 12.9%, AOR, 2.81, P < .01). Postsurgical complications including intra-abdominal abscess (AOR, 2.64), prolonged ileus (AOR, 1.50), and wound infection (AOR, 2.38) were higher in procedures requiring conversion (P < .01).

Conclusions:

Conversion of laparoscopic to open colorectal resection occurs in 14.3% of cases. Compared with patients who had laparoscopic operations, patients who had conversion to open surgery had a higher mortality, higher overall morbidity, longer length of hospitalization, and increased hospital charges. The lowest conversion rate was in right colectomy and the highest was in proctectomy procedures. Wound infection in converted procedures is higher than in laparoscopic and open procedures.     

Laparoscopic Resection of Chronic Sigmoid Diverticulitis with Fistula

Background and Objectives:

A growing number of operations for sigmoid diverticulitis are being done laparoscopically. There is a paucity of data on the outcome of laparoscopy for sigmoid diverticulitis complicated by colonic fistula. The aim of this study was to compare the results of laparoscopic resection of sigmoid diverticulitis with and without colonic fistula.

Methods:

A retrospective review was conducted of all patients who underwent laparoscopic resection of sigmoid diverticulitis complicated by fistula at a single tertiary care institution over a 7-year period. Comparison was made with a group of patients who underwent resection for diverticulitis without fistula during the same study period.

Results:

Forty-two patients were analyzed (group 1: diverticular fistula, group 2: no fistula). The median age was similar (49 vs. 50 years, P = .68). A chronic abscess was present in 24% of patients in group 1 and 10% in group 2 (P = .40). Fistula types were colovesical (71%), colovaginal (19%), and colocutaneous (10%). Operation types were sigmoidectomy (57% vs. 81%) and anterior resection (43% vs. 19%) in groups 1 and 2, respectively (P = .18). Ureteral catheters were used more frequently in group 1 (67% vs. 33% [P = .06]). No difference was noted in operative time, blood loss, conversion rate, length of stay, overall complications, wound infection rate, readmission rate, reoperation rate, and mortality. All patients healed without fistula recurrence.

Conclusions:

Patients with sigmoid diverticulitis with fistula can be successfully treated with laparoscopic excision, with similar outcomes for patients without fistula.     

Complications of Liver Resection: Laparoscopic Versus Open Procedures

Background and Objective:

Minimally invasive surgery for liver resection remains controversial. This study was designed to compare open versus laparoscopic surgical approaches to liver resection.

Methods:

We performed a single-center retrospective chart review.

Results:

We compared 45 laparoscopic liver resections with 17 open cases having equivalent resections based on anatomy and diagnosis. The overall complication rate was 25.8%. More open resection patients had complications (52.9% vs 15.5%, P < .008). The conversion rate was 11.1%. The mean blood loss was 667.1 ± 1450 mL in open cases versus 47.8 ± 89 mL in laparoscopic cases (P < .0001). Measures of intravenous narcotic use, intensive care unit length of stay, and hospital length of stay all favored the laparoscopic group. Patients were more likely to have complications or morbidity in the open resection group than in the laparoscopic group for both the anterolateral (P < .085) and posterosuperior (P < .002) resection subgroups.

Conclusion:

In this series comparing laparoscopic and open liver resections, there were fewer complications, more rapid recovery, and lower morbidity in the laparoscopic group, even for those resections involving the posterosuperior segments of the liver.     

腹腔镜结直肠癌切除术在老年病人中的应用

目的探讨老年病人施行腹腔镜结直肠癌切除术的可行性和安全性。方法2003年3月。2006年8月，我院共为142例70岁以上的老年病人施行结直肠癌根治切除术，其中腹腔镜手术75例，开腹手术67例，对两组临床疗效和并发症进行回顾性对比分析。结果腹腔镜组中转开腹手术4例，中转开腹率5．3％。腹腔镜组手术时间长于开腹组[（221．5±36．2）min vs（188．1±55．1）min，t=4．311，P=0．000]。两组均无切缘阳性病例，切除淋巴结数差异无显著性。腹腔镜组术后总的并发症发生率为5．3％（4／75），无围手术期死亡；而开腹组为25．4％（17／67），明显高于腹腔镜组（x^2=11．277，P=0．001），其中7例为较严重的心肺并发症，因肺炎死亡1例。两组术后住院时间和总费用差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论腹腔镜结直肠癌切除术应用于老年病人安全可行，可以降低并发症发生率。     

Laparoscopic and Open Distal Pancreatic Resection for Benign Pancreatic Disease

The aim of the study is to provide comparisons of the perioperative outcomes between open and laparoscopic distal pancreatic resection (DPR) for benign pancreatic disease. From 2002 and 2005, there were 28 patients (16 open, 12 laparoscopic) with a mean age of 52 who had presumptive diagnoses of benign pancreatic lesions. Pathology was neuroendocrine tumor (nine and five), mucinous cystic neoplasm (three and three), symptomatic pancreatic pseudocyst (two and two), and others (two and two). The mean operative time was 278 vs 212 min (p = 0.05), the estimated blood lost was 609 vs 193 ml (p = 0.01), and the success rate of preoperative intent for splenic preservation was 17 vs 62% (p = 0.08) in the open and laparoscopic groups, respectively. Two patients (16%) were converted to an open procedure. There was no perioperative mortality. The mean hospital stay and total perioperative morbidity were 10.6 vs 6.2 days (p = 0.001) and nine vs two events (p = 0.03) in the open and laparoscopic groups, respectively. Ten of 12 patients (83%) with laparoscopic DPR had adequate oral intake within 72 h post operatively in contrast to 2 of 16 (12.5%) patients in the open DPR group (p = 0.0001). Laparoscopic DPR is technically feasible, safe, and associated with less perioperative morbidity and a shorter hospital stay than open DPR. In centers with the appropriate expertise, laparoscopic DPR should be considered the procedure of choice for putative benign lesions of the pancreatic body and tail. Presented at the AHPBA Spring Meeting, Miami Beach, FL March 9–12, 2006 (oral presentation)     

Laparoscopic Colectomy Versus Open Colectomy for Colorectal Carcinoma: A Retrospective Analysis of Patients Followed Up for at Least 4 Years

Purpose To compare the long-term outcome of laparoscopic-assisted colectomy (LAC) with that of open colectomy (OC) for carcinoma in patients followed up for a minimum of 4 years.Methods We reviewed the medical records of 118 patients who underwent LAC between January 1993 and September 1999, and compared the results with those of 163 selected patients who underwent OC during the same period.Results Curative surgery was performed in 114 of the LAC patients. Because recurrence did not develop in any of the patients with stage I cancer, we analyzed the patterns of recurrence only in those with stage II or III disease; 58 patients were analyzed in the laparoscopic group and 130 in the open colectomy group. In the LAC group, 7 (12.1%) patients had recurrence after a median follow-up of 58 months and in the OC group, 19 (14.6%) patients had recurrence after a median follow-up of 56.5 months. The 5-year disease-free rate was similar in the LAC (87.8%) and OC (85.5%) groups (P = 0.75 by the log-rank test).Conclusions Laparoscopic-assisted colectomy is effective and safe for the treatment of colorectal carcinomas under the criteria used in this study. However, further validation of these results is recommended.     

Laparoscopic Bowel Resection in the Setting of Metastatic Colorectal Cancer

Background This study aimed to review the outcomes of laparoscopic colorectal resection for patients with stage IV colorectal cancer. Methods From the prospectively collected database for patients who underwent surgery for colorectal cancer in our institution, those with stage IV colorectal cancer who underwent elective resection of tumor during the period from January 2000 to June 2006 were included. The outcomes of those with laparoscopic resection were reviewed and comparison was made between patients with laparoscopic and open resection. Results A total of 200 patients (127 men) with median age of 69 years (range: 25–91 years) were included, and 77 underwent laparoscopic resection. Conversion was required in ten patients (13.0%) and all except one conversion were due to fixed or bulky tumors. There was no operative mortality in the laparoscopic group. The complication rate was 14% and the median postoperative hospital stay was 7 days. When patients with laparoscopic resection were compared with those with open operations, there was no difference in age, gender, comorbidity, or tumor size between the two groups. However, the complication rate was significantly lower in those with laparoscopic resection (14% versus 32%, P = 0.007) and the median hospital stay was significantly shorter (7 days versus 8 days, P = 0.005).The operative mortalities and the survivals were similar in the two groups. Conclusions Colorectal resection can be performed safely in patients with stage IV colorectal cancer. The operative outcomes in terms of complication rate and hospital stay compare favorably with patients with open resection. Presented in the Scientific Meeting of the Society of American Gastrointestinal and Endoscopic Surgeons on 18–22 April 2007 in Las Vegas, Nevada, USA.     

Simultaneous Laparoscopic Anterior Resection and Left Hepatic Lobectomy for Stage IV Rectal Cancer

We report the case of a 68-year-old female patient affected by rectal cancer and a synchronous metastatic lesion measuring 8cm in diameter in the left hepatic lobe. After a laparoscopic ultrasonography exploration of the liver to detect possible occult metastases, a simultaneous colorectal resection and a left hepatic lobectomy including a partial resection of segment IV were performed. Five ports were used for the entire procedure. The resected specimens were extracted through a Pfannenstiel incision. The procedure was completed laparoscopically. Total operative time was 455 minutes with negligible intraoperative blood loss. The postoperative hospital stay was 12 days. At 4-month follow-up, the patient recovered completely. A computed tomography scan performed at this time showed no signs of recurrent disease. This report confirms the feasibility of the laparoscopic approach to simultaneous hepatic and colorectal resections in stage IV rectal cancer. The known advantages of the mini-invasive approach could make such complex procedures more endurable.     

腹腔镜与开腹手术治疗子宫内膜癌的比较

目的探讨腹腔镜手术治疗子宫内膜癌的可行性及安全性。方法回顾性分析2006年4月～2011年6月我院155例子宫内膜癌手术的临床资料,其中腹腔镜手术57例（腹腔镜组）,开腹手术98例（开腹组）,比较2组手术时间、术中出血量、淋巴结切除数目、术后肛门排气时间、尿管留置时间、住院时间、术后并发症及复发率。结果腔镜组术中出血量（211．8±109．1）ml明显少于开腹组（305．8±145．1）ml（t=-4．213,P=0．000）,手术时间（236．1±50．8）min明显长于开腹组（185．2±42．3）min（t=6．669,P：0．000）。与开腹组比较,腹腔镜组术后肛门排气时间、术后尿管留置时间、住院时间均明显缩短（t=-7．800,P=0．000;t=-5．779,P=0．000;t=-2．918,P=0．004）。2组盆腔淋巴结切除数目、宫旁组织切除长度、阴道切除长度、术中和术后并发症发生率均无统计学差异（P〉0．05）。术后随访至2012年10月,腹腔镜组53例随访8—66个月,平均30．2月,1例术后21个月复发,1例术后14个月、1例术后28个月死亡;开腹组90例随访10～68个月,平均40．1月,3例分别在术后12、23、32个月复发,3例分别在术后12、22、30个月后死亡。2组生存率无统计学差异（x2=0．267,P=0．605）。结论腹腔镜手术治疗子宫内膜癌较开腹手术具有出血少、恢复快等优点,并具有与开腹手术同样的疗效,是子宫内膜癌手术的一个很好的选择。     

肝脏肿瘤的微创治疗——从腹腔镜到机器人

目的探讨完全腹腔镜、手助式腹腔镜及机器人三种微创手术方式在肝脏切除术中的可行性、安全性及适用范围。方法回顾性分析上海交通大学医学院附属瑞金医院普外科自2004年9月至20l2年1月期间完成的微创肝脏切除术(minimally invasive liver resection,MILR)128例患者的临床资料,根据手术方式分为完全腹腔镜肝脏切除术(pure laparoscopic resection,PLR)组、手助式腹腔镜肝脏切除术(hand-assisted laparoscopicresection,HALR)组及机器人辅助肝脏切除术(robotic liver resection,RLR)组,分别观察3组患者术中与术后恢复情况并进行对比分析。结果 PLR组82例,中转开腹3例,手术时间为(145.4±54.4)min(40～290 min)、术中出血量为(249.3±255.7)ml(30～1 500 ml),术后并发腹腔感染3例,胆瘘5例,经保守治疗后痊愈,无围手术期死亡,术后住院时间为(7.1±3.8)d(2～34 d)。HALR组35例,中转开腹3例,手术时间为(182.7±59.2)min(60～300 min)、术中出血量为(754.3±785.2)ml(50～3 000 ml),术后并发腹腔感染1例,胆瘘2例,切口感染2例,经保守治疗后痊愈,无二次手术,术后住院时间为(15.4±3.7)d(12～30 d)。RLR组11例,中转开腹2例,手术时间为(129.5±33.5)min(120～200 min)、术中出血量为(424.5±657.5)ml(50～5 000 ml),术后并发腹腔感染1例,胆瘘1例,经保守治疗后痊愈,术后住院时间为(6.4±1.6)d(5～9 d)。3组中,RLR组手术时间最短(P=0.001),术后住院时间最短(P=0.000),PLR组术中出血量最少(P=0.000),其差异均有统计学意义。结论肝脏肿瘤微创切除术安全、可行,临床工作中,需要根据不同的病例选择不同的手术方式。机器人辅助肝脏切除术为肝脏肿瘤的微创治疗带来了新的突破。     

Laparoscopic colorectal resection for polyps not suitable for colonoscopic removal

Background Endoscopic removal of large sessile polyps is sometimes technically difficult and is associated with an increased risk of complications. Moreover, the incidence of invasive carcinoma within these polyps is not negligible. Laparoscopic colorectal resection has been recommended in the treatment of these large polyps. This study aimed to evaluate the outcomes of laparoscopic colorectal resection for polyps that were not suitable for colonoscopic removal. Methods Forty-five patients (28 men and 17 women) who underwent laparoscopic colorectal resection with the preoperative diagnosis of colorectal polyps were analyzed. The reasons for surgical resection were large sessile polyps (n = 34), difficult position (n = 2), recurrence after transanal endoscopic microsurgery (n = 1), and the presence of intramucosal malignancy on histology after colonoscopic polypectomy (n = 8). Results The mean age of the patients was 66.7 years (range, 33–89). Previous abdominal operation had been performed in 12 patients (26.7%). Two patients underwent subtotal colectomy because of multiple polyps (14 and 19, respectively). Synchronous resection of other organs was performed in two patients (a right salpingo-oophorectomy and a right adrenalectomy). Intraoperative complications occurred in two patients, and two patients (4.5%) required conversion because of perforation of the colon during dissection and dense adhesions, respectively. There was no postoperative mortality. Complications occurred in seven patients (15.6%), and they included postoperative ileus (n = 4), anastomotic leakage (n = 1), urinary retention (n = 1), and urinary tract infection (n = 1). Reoperation was required in one patient for anastomotic leakage. The median hospital stay was 6 days. The histopathology of colorectal polyps showed tubular (n = 12), tubulovillous (n = 13), and villous adenoma (n = 12); mixed adenomatous/hyperolastic polyps (n = 2); inflammatory polyp (n = 1); and colonic lipoma (n = 1). Four patients, who had previous polypectoray with intramucosal malignancy, had no residual pathology. The median size was 3.0 cm. Invasive carcinoma was found in 16 patients (35.6%). The median number of lymph node sampling was six, and two patients had lymph node metastases. Conclusions Colonic polyps that were not amendable for colonoscopic removal were associated with a high incidence of malignant invasion. Laparoscopic colectomy offers safe and effective management of these polyps with the benefits of early postoperative recovery. Paper presented at the 19th World Congress of Digestive Surgery, the biennial scientific meeting of the International Society for Digestive Surgery, Yokohama, Japan, December 2004     

Laparoscopic Medial-to-lateral Approach for the Curative Resection of Right-Sided Colon Cancer

INTRODUCTION: Our previous randomized clinical trial comparing the laparoscopic medial-to-lateral dissection with the more classic lateral-to-medial approach for resection of rectosigmoid cancer showed that the medial approach reduces the operative time and the postoperative proinflammatory response. Besides the oncologic advantages of an early vessel division and a "no-touch" dissection, we feel that the longer the lateral abdominal wall attachments of the colon are preserved, the better the exposure and the easier the dissection. Encouraged by the above-mentioned positive findings, we therefore further conduct this phase II clinical trial to examine the feasibility and surgical outcomes regarding the utilization of this medial-to-lateral laparoscopic dissection approach for the curative resection of right-sided colon cancer. METHODS: A total of 104 patients (from December 2000 to January, 2005) with advanced right-sided colon cancer (TNM stage II: n = 56; stage III: n = 48) requiring a curative right hemicolectomy were subjected to the laparoscopic medial-to-lateral approach that included initial exploration and ligation of ileocolic, right colic, and middle colic vessels in no-touch isolation fashion, subsequent medial-to-lateral extension of retroperitoneal dissection along Gerota fascia, opening of lesser sac by transection of gastrocolic ligament, and the final mobilization of hepatic flexure and lateral attachments of ascending colon (Fig. 1). This study was approved by the institutional review committee of National Taiwan University Hospital. The surgical details were shown in the video. Postoperatively, adjuvant chemotherapy with Mayo Clinic Regimen was given in patients with stage III diseases. The functional recovery and surgical outcomes were prospectively evaluated. RESULTS: The laparoscopic medial-to-lateral approach for a curative right hemicolectomy can be preformed with acceptable operation time (192.6 +/- 32.8 min, mean +/- standard deviation) and little blood loss (48.4 +/- 14.4 ml) through a small wound (6.0 +/- 0.8 cm). The number of dissected lymph node was 16.0 +/- 2.8. The operative complications represented 5.7% of all cases, including anastomotic leakage in two cases (1.9%) and wound infection in four cases (3.8%). The patients have quick functional recovery, as evaluated by the length of postoperative ileus (60.0 +/- 12.0 h), hospitalization (9.0 +/- 1.5 days) and degree of postoperative pain (4.0 +/- 0.5, visual analogue scale). Besides the expenses covered by the National Bureau of Health Insurance in Taiwan, the patient had to pay an extra-expenses of NT$ 25,000.0 +/- 2,800.0 (1.0 US$ = 32.0 NT$). During the follow-up periods (median: 30 months, range 6-55 months), recurrence of tumor developed in 6 (10.7%) of stage II and 10 (20.8%) of stage III patients, with liver metastasis in six patients, lung metastasis in 4, liver and lung metastasis in 1, intraperitoneal recurrence in 2, bone metastasis in 1, brain metastasis in 1, and port-site recurrence in 1. CONCLUSIONS: By medial-to-lateral dissection method, the laparoscopic right hemicolectomy can be performed with technical efficiency, short convalescence, and acceptable short-term oncologic results. We therefore encourage the use of this approach for patients requiring a curative laparoscopic right hemicolectomy.     

Health-Related Quality of Life after Colonic Resection for Diverticular Disease: Long-term Results

Background and Aims  While colonic resection is standard practice in complicated colonic diverticular disease (DD), treatment of uncomplicated diverticulitis is, as yet, unclear. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the long-term clinical outcome and quality of life in DD patients undergoing colonic resection compared to those receiving medical treatment only. Patients and Methods  Seventy-one consecutive patients who were admitted to our surgical department with left iliac pain and endoscopical or radiological diagnosis of DD were enrolled in this trial. Disease severity was assessed with Hinchey scale. Twenty-five of the patients underwent colonic resection, while 46 were treated with medical therapy alone. After a median follow-up of 47 (3–102) months from the time of their first hospital admission, the patients responded to the questions of the Cleveland Global Quality of Life (CGQL) questionnaire and to a symptoms questionnaire during a telephone interview. Admittance and surgical procedures for DD were also investigated, and surgery- and symptoms-free survival rates were calculated. Nonparametric tests and survival analysis were used. Results  The CGQL total scores and symptom frequency rate were found to be similar in the two groups (resection vs nonresection). Only current quality of health item was significantly worse in patients who had undergone colonic resection (p = 0.05). No difference was found in the rate and in the timing of surgical procedures and hospital admitting for DD in the two groups. In particular, the nine patients classified as Hinchey 1 who underwent surgery reported the same quality of life, symptoms frequency, operation, and hospital admitting rate as those who had been admitted with the same disease class but who received medical treatment only. Conclusions  Our results indicate that there does not seem to be any long-term advantage to colonic resection which should be considered only in patients presenting complicated DD. Presented as a poster at the Digestive Disease Week, San Diego CA, USA May 19-24, 2008.     

腹腔镜与开腹手术治疗早期卵巢癌的比较

目的：比较腹腔镜和开腹手术治疗早期卵巢癌的疗效。方法回顾性分析2009年1月～2013年12月我院手术治疗的早期卵巢癌48例,其中腹腔镜手术25例（腹腔镜组）,开腹手术23例（开腹组）,比较2组手术时间、术中出血量、术后住院时间、肛门排气时间、术后并发症及切口感染率等。结果腹腔镜组术中出血量（150．2±50．8）ml,明显少于开腹组（235．6±49．3）ml（t＝-5．901,P＝0．000）;腹腔镜组术后肛门排气时间（36．2±13．5）h,明显早于开腹组（48．3±13．9）h （t＝-3．058,P＝0．004）;腹腔镜组术后发热6例,显著少于开腹组12例（χ2＝4．057,P＝0．044）;腹腔镜组术后切口感染2例,与开腹组6例无统计学差异（χ2＝1．670,P＝0．196）;腹腔镜组住院时间（15．2±5．2） d,明显短于开腹组（23．3±4．2） d （t＝5．904,P＝0.000）。2组手术时间分别为（241．4±45．3）、（248．5±58．3）min,无统计学差异（t＝-0．473,P＝0．638）;2组切除淋巴结分别（21．3±2．9）、（20．5±3．0）枚,无统计学差异（t＝0．939,P＝0．353）。45例（开腹组2例失访,腹腔镜组1例失访）随访1～52个月,平均21．5月。开腹组2例分别术后10、12个月复发,腹腔镜组1例术后10个月复发,其余无瘤生存。结论腹腔镜手术治疗早期卵巢癌近期疗效好,安全可行,可作为早期卵巢癌手术治疗的新选择。     

Curative Laparoscopic Resection for Pancreatic Neoplasms: A Critical Analysis from a Single Institution

Laparoscopic pancreatic surgery (LPS) has seen significant development but much of the knowledge refers to small and benign pancreatic tumors. This study aims to evaluate the feasibility, safety, and long-term outcome of the laparoscopic approach in patients with benign, premalignant, and overt malignant lesions of the pancreas. This study, currently, is the largest single center experience worldwide. One hundred twenty-three consecutive patients underwent laparoscopic pancreatic surgery from April 1998 to April 2007, 20 patients with cysts or pseudocysts for acute and chronic pancreatitis, laparoscopic pancreatic drainage was performed, and were excluded from the analysis. The 103 patients were divided based on preoperative diagnosis: group I, inflammatory tumors for chronic pancreatitis (eight patients); group II, cystic pancreatic neoplasms (29 patients); group III, intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (10 patients); group IV, neuroendocrine pancreatic tumors (NETs) (43 patients); and group V ductal adenocarcinoma (13 patients). The median tumor size was 5.3 cm. Pathologic data include R ₀ or R ₁ resection (transection margins on the specimen were inked). Perioperative data, postoperative complications, and resection modalities were compared using statistical analysis. Long-term outcomes were analysed by tumor recurrence and patient survival. The overall conversion rate was 7%. Laparoscopic distal pancreatic resection was performed in 82 patients (79.6%). Laparoscopic spleen-preserving distal pancreatectomy (Lap SPDP) was performed in 52 patients (63.7%), but with splenic vessels preservation in 22% and without splenic vessels preservation in 41.5%. Laparoscopic en-bloc splenopancreatectomy (Lap SxDP) was performed in 30 patients (36.6%) and laparoscopic enucleation (Lap En) in 20 patients (19.4%). There was no mortality. The overall complication rate was 25.2, 16.7, and 40% after Lap SPDP, Lap SxDP, and Lap En, respectively. The overall morbidity rate was significantly higher (p > 0.05) in the group of Lap SPDP without splenic vessels preservation comparing with Lap SPDP with splenic vessels preservation because of the occurrence of splenic complications (20.6%). The overall pancreatic fistulas was 7.7, 10, and 35% after Lap SPDP, Lap SxDP, and Lap En, respectively; the severity of fistula was significantly higher in the Lap En group (p > 0.05). The mean hospital stay was within 1 week in all groups, except in the group of ductal adenocarcinoma, which is 8 days. In this series, 27 patients (26.2%) had malignant disease. R ₀ resection was achieved in 90% of ductal adenocarcinoma and 100% for other malignant tumors. The median survival for ductal adenocarcinoma patients was 14 months. This series demonstrates that LPS is feasible and safe in benign-appearing and malignant lesions of the pancreas.     

早期子宫内膜癌腹腔镜与开腹手术的对比研究

目的探讨早期子宫内膜癌腹腔镜手术的有效性和安全性。方法回顾性分析我院2003年8月～2010年10月79例早期子宫内膜癌分别施行腹腔镜手术（腹腔镜组,n=56）和开腹手术（开腹组,n=23）的临床资料,比较2组手术时间、术中出血量、淋巴结切除数量、术后排气时间、并发症、术后住院时间、术后病率和复发率。结果腹腔镜组术中出血量（157.1±111.2）ml明显少于开腹组（221.7±169.8）ml（t=1.349,P=0.049）。与开腹组比较,腹腔镜组术后肛门排气时间和住院时间明显缩短（t=4.055,P=0.000;t=2.310,P=0.028）。2组手术时间、盆腔淋巴结切除数目、术后并发症、术后病率均无统计学差异（P〉0.05）。术后随访至2011年2月,腹腔镜组50例随访4～82个月,平均28.7月,1例24个月复发,1例31个月穿刺部位转移,无死亡病例;开腹组20例随访17～64个月,平均39.0月,1例27个月复发,1例59个月死亡,2组复发率无统计学差异（精确概率法,P=0.493）。结论早期子宫内膜癌腹腔镜手术较开腹手术具有出血少、恢复快等优势,可作为子宫内膜癌手术的又一选择,远期疗效仍有待探索和证实。     

Robot-Assisted Versus Standard Laparoscopic Colorectal Surgery

Background and Objectives:

Over the years, there has been a continual shift toward more minimally invasive surgical techniques, such as the use of laparoscopy in colorectal surgery. Recently, there has been increasing adoption of robotic technology. Our study aims to compare and contrast robot-assisted and laparoscopic approaches to colorectal operations.

Methods:

Forty patients undergoing laparoscopic or robotic colorectal surgery performed by 2 surgeons at an academic center, regardless of indication, were included in this retrospective review. Patients undergoing open approaches were excluded. Study outcomes included operative time, estimated blood loss, length of stay, complications, and conversion rate to an open procedure.

Results:

Twenty-five laparoscopic and fifteen robot-assisted colorectal surgeries were performed. The mean patient age was 61.1 ± 10.7 years in the laparoscopic group compared with 61.1 ± 8.5 years in the robotic group (P = .997). Patients had a similar body mass index and history of abdominal surgery. Mean blood loss was 163.3 ± 249.2 mL and 96.8 ± 157.7 mL, respectively (P = .385). Operative times were similar, with 190.8 ± 84.3 minutes in the laparoscopic group versus 258.4 ± 170.8 minutes in the robotic group (P = .183), as were lengths of hospital stay: 9.6 ± 7.3 and 6.5 ± 3.8 days, respectively (P = .091). In addition, there was no difference in the number of lymph nodes harvested between the laparoscopic group (14.0 ± 6.5) and robotic group (12.3 ± 4.2, P = .683).

Conclusions:

In our early experience, the robotic approach to colorectal surgery can be considered both safe and efficacious. Furthermore, it also preserves oncologically sufficient outcomes when performed for cancer operations.     

Laparoscopic hemicolectomy for a patient with situs inversus totalis: A case report

IntroductionSitus inversus totalis (SIT) is a rare congenital anomaly in which the left and right aspects of the thoracic and intra-abdominal organs are inverted, like a mirror image. Surgical procedures in a patients with SIT is difficult as their anatomy is abnormal. In particular, laparoscopic procedures are considered more difficult in patients with SIT because of the mirror-image anatomy.Presentation of caseThe patient was a 75-year-old woman with ascending colon cancer. Laparoscopic hemicolectomy with radical lymphadenectomy was performed. After surgery, no specific complications developed. On the ninth postoperative day, the patient was discharged from our hospital. Recognition of the inverted anatomy by the surgeon using preoperative imaging permitted safe operation using techniques not otherwise differing from those used in ordinary cases.Discussion and conclusionsLaparoscopic colectomy is considered to be a safe and feasible option for patients with colorectal cancer and SIT.     

腹腔镜与开腹胃间质瘤楔形切除的临床对比研究

目的探讨腹腔镜胃楔形切除治疗胃间质瘤的可行性。方法回顾性分析我院2002年9月~2009年4月腹腔镜胃间质瘤楔形切除术32例（腹腔镜组）和1999年10月~2009年1月开腹胃间质瘤楔形切除术20例（开腹组）的临床资料,比较2组围手术期的情况和预后。结果与开腹组相比,腹腔镜组手术时间短[120 min（23~210 min）vs 145 min（75~400 min）,Z=-2.960,P=0.003],术中出血量少[20 ml（5~100 ml）vs 50 ml（10~200 ml）,Z=-3.580,P=0.000],术后进食时间早[3 d（1~4 d）vs 3 d（3~21 d）,Z=-3.032,P=0.002],术后住院时间短[6 d（4~15 d）vs 8.5 d（6~26 d）,Z=-4.202,P=0.000]。腹腔镜组29例随访6~79个月（中位随访时间25个月）,开腹组16例随访9~120个月（中位随访时间58个月）,均无复发或转移。结论腹腔镜胃间质瘤楔形切除术安全、有效,具有可行性。