microRNA Let-7在心血管疾病中的研究进展

microRNA let-7家族是在秀丽隐杆线虫中发现的长度21nt的microRNA之一。最近的研究发现它在心血管系统起到重要的调控作用。Let-7成员在心血管组织中特异性表达使其在心脏发育及心脏疾病的发生发展中发挥重要作用。目前, let-7的靶向基因主要是TLR4、LOX-1、Bcl-xl和AGO1,确定let-7靶基因和信号通路在心脏疾病的临床诊断和治疗上具有重要的应用前景。Let-7可能为一个潜在的治疗心血管疾病的目标。本文对 let-7在心血管疾病中的研究进展进行综述。     

MicroRNA在心血管疾病中作用的研究进展

microRNA是一类长度在22nt左右、能调节mRNA表达的非编码RNA基因产物。miRNA最初在线虫体内被发现,广泛存在于真核生物体内,对于生物体的发育等诸多方面有调节作用,并在进化中保守。miRNA作用机制尚不完全清楚,但已知其能通过与mRNA的3′端非翻译区结合而影响翻译水平。现就miRNA的生物发生、作用机制及其在心脏发育、心肌肥厚、动脉粥样硬化、心力衰竭、高血压和心律失常中起的作用的研究进展作一综述。     

microRNA在急性心肌梗死诊断及预后中的研究进展

［摘要］　microRNA(miRNA)是一类长约18～25个核苷酸的小分子非编码RNA,它通过与靶基因3＇端非翻译序列结合促进靶基因降解或抑制翻译过程,从而抑制靶基因表达。最近研究表明,miRNA在血管和心脏中高度表达,参与调节心脏发育、心律失常、高血压、心肌梗死、心力衰竭等心血管生理病理过程。该文回顾总结有关miRNA在急性心肌梗死诊断及预后中的研究进展。     

肌浆网基因表达与心血管疾病

着重介绍肌浆网的组成、基因类型和心血管疾病状态下肌浆网基因表达     

microRNA与肾上腺皮质肿瘤

microRNA(miRNA)是一类非编码小分子RNA,通过转录后机制抑制基因表达.其表达水平的异常和肿瘤的发生、发展关系密切.许多研究表明,异常表达的miRNA影响肾上腺皮质细胞的增殖、凋亡及功能,可作为良、恶性肾上腺皮质肿瘤的生物标志物.     

p27蛋白与心血管疾病

p2 7蛋白作为细胞周期的负性调节因子 ,能抑制细胞增殖 ,使其停滞于 G1 期。心血管系统中有大量以增殖异常为细胞学本质的疾病 ,p2 7蛋白参与这些疾病的发生、发展 ,进一步研究 p2 7蛋白的作用将为阐明其发病机制、寻求有效治疗途径提供重要线索。     

内皮脂肪酶与心血管疾病

内皮脂肪酶（EL）是三酰甘油脂肪酶家族新成员,自1999年被发现以后,其与动脉粥样硬化（AS）和冠心病（CHD）之间关系的研究逐渐深入,EL可能通过多条途径参与AS的发生、发展。本文对EL及其基因多态性近年来在心血管领域的研究成果作一综述。     

内皮脂肪酶与心血管疾病

内皮脂肪酶(EL)是三酰甘油脂肪酶家族新成员,自1999年被发现以后,其与动脉粥样硬化(AS)和冠心病(CHD)之间关系的研究逐渐深入,EL可能通过多条途径参与AS的发生、发展。本文对EL及其基因多态性近年来在心血管领域的研究成果作一综述。     

原核细胞microRNA特性及其作用机制研究进展

microRNA为一类非编码小RNA,主要通过其种子序列(seed sequence,SS)与靶mRNA位于5′端的SS结合序列特异性结合后抑制靶mRNA转录或降解靶mRNA,从而在转录后水平负调控靶基因表达。microRNA首先发现于秀丽隐杆线虫(Caenorhabditis elegans),此后发现各种真核细胞均存在大量各种microRNA。真核细胞首先转录出microRNA前体,经剪切后成为21~23nt有功能的microRNA,大多与靶mRNA的3′端序列结合后引起靶mRNA翻译抑制或降解。近年不少细菌等原核细胞microRNA被发现,但原核细胞microRNA不需剪切即有活性,大小为50~400nt,其特性、作用位点和机制等也与真核细胞有一定差异。本文简要介绍真核和原核细胞基因表达调控主要机制、microRNA特点及其调控基因表达的机制,以期为深入研究原核细胞型病原微生物基因表达调控与致病机制奠定基础。     

microRNA调节细胞自噬影响动脉粥样硬化

动脉粥样硬化(As)是心脑血管疾病主要的病理因素。关于动脉粥样硬化发生发展的病理机制迄今为止尚未完全阐明。自噬是一种普遍存在于真核细胞中高度保守的生物学过程。正常水平的自噬抑制动脉粥样硬化的发生发展,而自噬缺陷或自噬过度则会加速斑块的破裂,导致心脑血管意外的发生。研究表明,microRNA通过参与动脉粥样硬化相关细胞自噬的调节影响动脉粥样硬化进程。文章主要就microRNA调节内皮细胞、巨噬细胞、平滑肌细胞自噬水平在动脉粥样硬化中的作用进行综述。     

低血糖对心血管疾病预后的影响

糖尿病是心血管疾病的病因之一早已得到共识,在临床上,随着对患者血糖检测和控制不断地加强,低 血糖的发生也在增加,同时低血糖对心血管疾病的影响也引起了更多的关注.本文就低血糖以及血糖的强化控制对心血管疾病预后影响的有关研究进展做一综述,并且对其病理生理机制进行探讨.     

线粒体电压依赖性阴离子通道与心血管疾病

电压依赖性阴离子通道(VDAC)是位于线粒体外膜的通道蛋白,是线粒体与细胞质之间转运ATP以及其他代谢产物的主要通道,在线粒体代谢和细胞生长中发挥重要调控作用.近期研究发现,在心肌缺血再灌、糖尿病、心衰、高血压和动脉粥样硬化时,VDAC表达明显增加,引起细胞内钙离子循环紊乱、氧化应激,进而导致细胞凋亡,已成为心血管疾病研究的新热点.本文就VDAC的分子功能,调控及其在心血管疾病中的作用和相关机制进行综述.     

尿白蛋白片段与心脑血管损伤的关系

为探讨尿白蛋白片段与心血管损伤的关系,用改进的免疫印迹法分析心血管损伤疾病患者尿白蛋白片段,尿样来自１１２例无并发症原发性高血压患者,另有４６例并发冠心病和３６例并发脑血管病的原发性高血压患者以及１０８例健康人。有心脑血管损伤性疾病的患者尿中可见异常尿白蛋白片段（４５ｋＤａ、３０ｋＤａ和２２ｋＤａ）。原发性高血压、并发冠心病和并发脑血管病患者尿白蛋白片段的阳性率分别为３２．３％、６０．８％和６６．７％。这些患者的尿白蛋白片段阳性率明显高于健康人（４．６０％,Ｐ〈０．０１）,且合并心脑血管病的原发性高血压患者尿白蛋白片段的阳性率也明显高于单纯原发性高血压患者。尿白蛋白片段与微量白蛋白尿、甘油三酯和总胆固醇等指标呈正相关。提示尿白蛋白片段与心脑血管疾病明显相关,可作为一析的非创伤性检查心脑血管损伤的参考指标。     

内皮微颗粒与心血管疾病的临床评估

内皮微颗粒是从激活或者凋亡的内皮细胞表面脱落的无核囊泡样结构,通过表面蛋白分子介导体内生物过程中的信息传导,其释放受到体内多种因素的精密调节,在心血管疾病发生发展过程中起着重要的作用.本文将对内皮微颗粒的结构、功能及其与心血管疾病的关联,尤其是内皮微颗粒在心血管疾病风险评估、监测和治疗中的临床意义,并结合目前研究进展做一综述.     

血管紧张素原基因M235T多态性与心血管疾病

近年来,越来越多的研究结果表明血管紧张素原基因M235T多态性与心血管疾病密切相关,通过对二者关系的研究,我们可以从分子水平上探讨心血管疾病的病因,从而为心血管疾病的防治提供新的思路。现对这一研究现状作一综述。     

Preliminary Report of Cardiac Study: Cross-Sectional Multicenter Study on Dietary Factors of Cardiovascular Diseases

The International cooperative ‘Cardiovascular Diseases and Alimentary Comparison Study’ (CARDIAC Study) was designed to study the relationship of dietary factors to blood pressure (BP) and other major cardiovascular diseases (CVD) in widely different populations of both industrialized and developing countries. The primary aim of the research was to test specific hypotheses linking the intake of certain dietary constituents, e.g., sodium (Na), potassium (K), calcium (Ca) and protein, to BP (‘Core’ Study); in some centers the relationship between dietary factors and mortality from CVD was also examined (‘Complete’ Study). The final aim of this multicenter research was to contribute to the scientific information base required to guide the formulation of dietary goals for the primary prevention of major CVD. Forty centers in 20 countries are now participating in the CARDIAC Study. From each population 100 males and 100 females aged 50–54 years were selected randomly for BP measurement by an automated system, 24-hour urine collection by aliquot cups, blood sampling etc. according to CARDIAC protocol; and all samples were analyzed by the WHO Collaborating Center (Izumo) by standardized methods. Although studies are now in progress, surveys in China, Tanzania, USSR and Japan suggest the importance of Na and protein intakes, and all data so far obtained of systolic and diastolic BPI urinary Na and K excretions, serum cholesterol levels, etc. show wide distribution in different populations, so that dietary factors of CVD will be analyzed in more detail when the analyses of total samples are completed.     

MicroRNAs与心血管疾病研究进展

MicroRNAs是一类高度保守的非编码小RNA。它通过降解mRNA或抑制蛋白质翻译而调控基因的表达。在人类,约1/3的基因受microRNAs调控。最新研究表明,microRNAs在心血管病理、生理过程中起了十分重要的调控作用。它参与了心脏发育、心脏重塑、心律失常、血管生成、血管病变等过程。MicroRNAs用于治疗心血管系统疾病具有广阔的前景。     

Sexual Dimorphism in Body Fat Distribution and Risk for Cardiovascular Diseases

The prevalence of obesity has dramatically increased over the past decade along with the cardiovascular and other health risks it encompasses. Adipose tissue, which is distributed in the abdominal viscera, carries a greater risk for cardiovascular disorders than adipose tissue subcutaneously. There is a sex difference in the regional fat distribution. Women have more subcutaneous fat, whereas men have more visceral fat. Therefore, obesity-related metabolic disorders are much lower in premenopausal women than men. Peripheral metabolic signals like leptin and insulin are involved in the food intake, body weight, body fat distribution, and cardiovascular disease. Key areas in the brain, including the hypothalamus, integrates these peripheral adiposity signals to maintain overall adiposity levels, and these brain regions are directly influenced by sex hormones. Therefore, differences in cardiovascular disease may be under the influence of sex hormones either directly in the brain or through their influence of body fat distribution. The role of estrogen in mediating body fat distribution and cardiovascular disease is the focus of this review.     

长链非编码RNA与心血管发育及疾病的关系

长链非编码RNA(long non-coding RNA,lncRNA)是一类转录本长度超过200nt功能性RNA分子。研究表明lncRNA参与调控机体的生长发育、细胞凋亡、增殖、分化等,与多种疾病密切相关。目前lncRNA的功能和作用机制尚不清楚,已有一些研究证实lncRNAs是参与心血管疾病发生发展的重要调控分子。现将lncRNA对心脏的发育及与心血管疾病的作用机制研究进展作一综述。     

Equity and Prevention of Cardiovascular Diseases in Latin America and the Caribbean

Non-communicable diseases, particularly cardiovascular diseases, are the leading cause of decreased life expectancy and death in Latin America and the Caribbean. Although a lifestyle, which includes no tobacco use, good nutrition, and regular physical activity is touted as key to health, the environmental, racial, social and economic conditions, which underpin lifestyle are often ignored or considered only secondarily. Placing the main responsibility on a patient to change their lifestyle or to simply comply with pharmacological treatment ignores the specific conditions in which the individual lives. Furthermore, there are major disparities in access to both healthy living conditions as well as access to medical care.There is sufficient evidence to support advocating for policies that support healthy living, particularly healthy food choices. Progress is being made to improve the food environment with enactment of front of package nutritional labels. However, policies were enacted only after intense regional research and advocacy supporting their implementation.Government officials must rise above the pressures of commercial interests and support health-promoting policies or be exposed as self-interest groups themselves. Strong advocacy is required to persuade officials that all policies should take health into consideration both to improve lives and economies.