酒精摄入量与云锡(YTC)矿工肺癌的队列研究

为了解酒精摄入量与云锡９ＹＴＣ）矿工肺癌危险性的关系,在食物频率问卷（ＦＦＱ）资料中饮酒重复性和有效性研究的基础上,计算出云锡矿工肺癌高危人群酒精摄入量;用ｘ＾２检验、单因素、多因素Ｃｏｘ回归分析了云锡矿工肺癌高危人群不同酒精摄入量与其发生肺癌相对危险性的关系。结果表明：酒精摄入量与云锡矿工肺癌发病率呈“Ｊ形”关系,即不饮酒和中等量以上饮酒者（酒精摄入量≥５０ｇ／ｄ）,肺癌发病率显著高于少量饮酒（     

蔬菜粉提取物对人肺癌细胞端粒酶活性的影响

目的 :　探讨蔬菜粉脂溶性提取物 (FEFVP)、β-胡萝卜素 (β-Car)对云锡矿工肺癌细胞YTMLC-90端粒酶活性的影响。方法 :　用 3∶ 7丙酮 -石油醚提取蔬菜粉 ,体外培养人肺癌细胞YTMLC-90 ,采用反转录 -聚合酶链反应 (RT-PCR)、聚合酶链反应端粒重复序列扩增法 (PCR-TRAP)检测端粒酶活性。结果 :　证实云锡肺癌细胞端粒酶阳性 ;高浓度的 FEFVP(相当β-胡萝卜素 2 .5× 1 0 - 6 mol/L)和 β-胡萝卜素 (1× 1 0 - 4mol/L)处理 48h,显著抑制 YTMLC-90细胞端粒酶活性 (P<0 .0 5 )。结论 :　高浓度的蔬菜粉脂溶性提取物和 β-胡萝卜素可抑制 YTMLC-90细胞端粒酶活性。     

蔬菜与云锡矿工肺癌的队列研究

目的 为了解蔬菜与云锡（ＹＴＣ）矿工肺癌危险性的关系。方法 研究食物频率问卷（ＦＦＱ）资料中蔬菜摄入频率的重复性和有效性,在此基础上用ｘ＾２检验、单因素、多因素ｃｏｘ回归分析了云锡矿工肺癌高危人群不同蔬菜摄入频率、总蔬菜摄入量与其发生肺癌相对危险性的关系。结果 冬瓜、黄瓜、菠菜、鲜辣椒、鲜黄豆、红薯、芦笋、嫩竹笋、青玉米等１１种蔬菜摄入频率的重复性和有效性较好（ｒ＝０．２０～０．３３,ｐ〈０．０５     

抗氧化剂及叶酸摄入量与男性肺癌危险性的回顾性队列研究

已有许多研究报道 ,摄入蔬菜及水果与肺癌危险性之间存在负相关关系。本研究目的在于解释几种抗氧化剂及叶酸在上述关系中的作用。荷兰的膳食与癌症研究队列中 ,研究基线期共有 5 82 79位年龄 5 5～ 6 9岁的男性返回了包括 1 5 0项问题的食物频率调查表。随访 6 .3年后 ,共有 939人患肺癌。研究中利用了一个新的荷兰人类胡萝卜素数据库来估计α-胡萝卜素、β-胡萝卜素 ,叶黄素 玉米黄质、β-隐黄质、番茄红素 ,以及抗氧化剂维生素 C、维生素 E和叶酸的摄入量。研究中进行了病例 -队列分析 ,计算率比 ( RR) ,并调整年龄、吸烟、教育水平及…     

济宁市城乡社区成人四个季节膳食类胡萝卜素的摄入量

目的测定部分城乡成年居民膳食类胡萝卜素摄入量水平。方法从三个不同类型的社区中,选择184名30～60岁成人(男84,女100)作为被调查对象,采用"双份饭法"分别于夏、秋、冬、春四个季节收集被调查者连续3 d的全部膳食,用HPLC测定其中β-胡萝卜素、α-胡萝卜素、β-隐黄质、番茄红素、叶黄素和玉米黄质六种类胡萝卜素的含量。结果被调查者夏季膳食中β-胡萝卜素、α-胡萝卜素、β-隐黄质、番茄红素和叶黄素+玉米黄质的平均每日摄入量分别为2.48±2.71 mg、276.6±469.4μg、86.9±241.4μg、2.16±3.38 mg和1.48±1.65 mg;秋季分别为3.39±4.10 mg、271.7±462.8μg、339.9±1016.8μg、0.25±1.34 mg和2.07±3.00 mg;冬季分别为2.85±3.76 mg、302.7±622.6μg、108.8±142.3μg、0.36±1.46 mg和1.97±3.00 mg;春季分别为3.76±3.35mg、162.4±413.9μg、42.1±93.8μg、0.86±1.39 mg和6.10±6.26 mg。各种类胡萝卜素摄入量均随季节而变化,夏季摄入番茄红素较多,秋季摄入β-隐黄质较多,春季摄入叶黄素+玉米黄质较多,而β-胡萝卜素、α-胡萝卜素摄入量的季节波动较小。城市中心社区居民类胡萝卜素摄入量一般较高,城市周边社区和农村社区居民摄入量较低;农村社区居民只有春季叶黄素+玉米黄质摄入量高于城市中心社区居民。结论本研究报告了三种不同社区居民类胡萝卜素摄入量数据,为类胡萝卜素营养研究提供部分资料。     

云锡矿工膳食砷摄入量与代谢平衡研究

云锡矿工肺癌问题严重,砷是肺癌病因之一,肺癌患者89.5%有坑下作业史。对云锡坑下及坑上作业工人和矿区农民各10人,进行了连续5天的砷代谢平衡试验,三组人群中砷的平均日摄入量与表观吸收率分别为129.3、103.5及79.5微克与51.2、41.5及37.6%。摄入量和表观吸收率以前者的为最高(P<0.05)。坑下作业工人尿砷含量也显著高于后两组的。云锡矿工与农民砷摄入量为北京、加拿大、美国的1.5～6.5倍,对健康潜在的危险性不可忽视。     

血、尿核黄素水平与肺癌危险性的嵌套病例-对照研究

用 1∶2配比的嵌套病例 -对照设计研究了云锡矿工血、尿核黄素水平与肺癌危险性的关系。病例为云锡肺癌高危人群普查队列中 1992～ 1995年新确诊的肺癌患者 ,对照以 1:2的比例从普查队列的非肺癌矿工中随机抽取 ,按职业暴露史、年龄、血、尿样本采集时间等因素与病例配对 ,所测生化指标为红细胞谷胱甘酞还原酶活性系数 (EGR AC)和尿核黄素 肌酐比值。在调整了混杂因素的影响后 ,两项指标以连续变量引入logistic回归方程 ,其OR值分别为 0 780 (EGR AC)和 1 0 0 0 ,均无显著意义 (P >0 0 5) ;以等级变量将两项指标引入方程 ,两指标各等级的OR值也无显著性意义 (P >0 0 5)。本研究没有观察到血、尿核黄素水平与云锡矿工肺癌危险性有相关关系     

成人膳食中类胡萝卜素摄入量与血脂关系

目的研究成人膳食中类胡萝卜素的摄入状况与血脂的关系。方法采用问卷调查法,调查130名35～60岁人群连续3 d的膳食情况,根据膳食摄入情况计算5种类胡萝卜素（包括α-胡萝卜素、β-胡萝卜素、β-隐黄质、番茄红素、叶黄素/玉米黄质）每日摄入量,将调查人群按类胡萝卜素摄入量四分位间距分组,观察类萝卜素的摄入量与血脂的关系。结果第1组人群血清甘油三酯水平明显低于第4组人群,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。相关分析结果表明,类胡萝卜素的摄入量与血清中甘油三酯含量呈显著负相关（P〈0.05）。结论结果提示成人膳食类胡萝卜素的摄入与甘油三酯水平具有相关性,摄入类胡萝卜素可能对血脂有一定程度的保护作用。     

利用回归分析估算膳食类胡萝卜素摄入量

[目的]评价利用美国类胡萝卜素成分数据估算中国膳食类胡萝卜素摄入量的可行性.[方法]采用双饭份法和称质量记录法,在夏、秋、冬、春4个季节,调查不同社区184名30～60岁居民连续3 d膳食,利用美国的食物成分数据建立β-胡萝卜素、α-胡萝卜素、β-隐黄质、番茄红素、叶黄素/玉米黄质5种类胡萝卜素的食物成分表,计算5种类胡萝卜素每日摄入量.同时,采用HPLC测定膳食样品中类胡萝卜素的含量,并对两种结果进行回归分析.[结果]利用美国类胡萝卜素成分数据计算获得的中国居民膳食类胡萝卜素摄入量同HPLC测定膳食样品中类胡萝卜素的含量结果间存在直线回归关系,直线回归方程分别为:β-胡萝卜素y=824.854+0.741x,α-胡萝卜素y=0.391+0.998x,β-隐黄质y=20.515+0.971x.,番茄红素y=64.964+0.984x,叶黄素/玉米黄质y=36.408+0.967x,回归系数有统计学意义(P＜0.05).[结论]在尚未建立中国食物类胡萝卜素成分数据的情况下,可以利用美国食物成分数据估算中国居民膳食类胡萝卜素摄入量.     

成人膳食中类胡萝卜素摄入量分析

目的了解成年人膳食类胡萝卜素的摄入状况。方法采用称重记录法,按季节调查城区、郊区、农村3类不同社区184名30-60岁居民连续3 d的膳食情况,参照1993年美国农业部-国家癌症研究院（USDA-NCI）食物类胡萝卜素数据库、1998年美国农业部-营养协调中心（USDA-NCC）食物类胡萝卜素成分数据库和最新版美国食物成分数据库（SR18）建立的α-胡萝卜素、β-胡萝卜素、β-隐黄质、番茄红素、叶黄素/玉米黄质5种类胡萝卜素的食物成分表,计算类胡萝卜素每日摄入量。结果α-胡萝卜素年平均摄入量为（274±539）μg,春、夏、秋、冬四季分别为（179±459）,（291±493）,（325±533）,（29l±650）μg。β-胡萝卜素的年平均摄入量为（3 207±3 921）μg,四季分别为（3 905±3 983）,（2 509±2 697）,（3 577±4 640）,（3 007±4 189）μg。β-隐黄质年平均摄入量为（140±582）μg,四季分别为（40±100）,（82±256）,（376±1 114）,（70±125）μg。番茄红素摄入量为（1 023±2 447）μg,四季分别为（971±1 539）,（2 184±3 565）,（324±1 543）,（390±1 622）μg。叶黄素/玉米黄质年平均摄入量为（2 937±4 512）μg,四季分别为（5 053±6 908）,（1 930±2 228）,（2 556±3 746）,（2 510±3 703）μg。α-胡萝卜素、β-隐黄质秋季摄入量最高,β-胡萝卜素、叶黄素/玉米黄质春季最高,番茄红素夏季最高。不同性别居民类胡萝卜素摄入量比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。城市居民的摄入量高于郊区和农村居民。结论利用美国类胡萝卜素成分数据,估计了成人膳食类胡萝卜素摄入量。     

Vegetables, Fruit, and Cancer Prevention: A Review

In this review of the scientific literature on the relationship between vegetable and fruit consumption and risk of cancer, results from 206 human epidemiologic studies and 22 animal studies are summarized. The evidence for a protective effect of greater vegetable and fruit consumption is consistent for cancers of the stomach, esophagus, lung, oral cavity and pharynx, endometrium, pancreas, and colon. The types of vegetables or fruit that most often appear to be protective against cancer are raw vegetables, followed by allium vegetables, carrots, green vegetables, cruciferous vegetables, and tomatoes. Substances present in vegetables and fruit that may help protect against cancer, and their mechanisms, are also briefly reviewed; these include dithiolthiones, isothiocyanates, indole-3-carbinol, allium compounds, isoflavones, protease inhibitors, saponins, phytosterols, inositol hexaphosphate, vitamin C, D-limonene, lutein, folic acid, beta carotene, lycopene, selenium, vitamin E, flavonoids, and dietary fiber. Current US vegetable and fruit intake, which averages about 3.4 servings per day, is discussed, as are possible noncancer-related effects of increased vegetable and fruit consumption, including benefits against cardiovascular disease, diabetes, stroke, obesity, diverticulosis, and cataracts. Suggestions for dietitians to use in counseling persons toward increasing vegetable and fruit intake are presented. J Am Diet Assoc. 1996; 96:1027-1039.     

蔬菜粉提取物和β-胡萝卜素对人肺癌细胞增殖和凋亡的影响

目的 :　探讨蔬菜粉脂溶性提取物 ( FEVP)、β-胡萝卜素对人肺癌细胞 YTMLC- 90增殖和凋亡的影响。方法 :　采用体外培养 ,细胞毒 ( MTT法 )试验、形态学、DNA凝胶电泳、流式细胞术等方法。结果 :　高、中、低浓度 FEVP(分别为相当于 β-胡萝卜素 2 .5× 1 0 -6、2 .5× 1 0 -7、5× 1 0 -8mol/L )和高、中浓度β-胡萝卜素 ( 1× 1 0 -4和 1× 1 0 -5mol/L)能显著抑制 YTMLC- 90细胞增殖。高、中浓度 FEVP和高浓度 β-胡萝卜素可显著抑制 YTMLC- 90细胞核分裂。高、中浓度FEVP、高浓度 β-胡萝卜素组细胞出现细胞核固缩 ,染色质凝聚 ;典型 DNA断裂梯状条带 ;细胞凋亡峰。这些现象符合细胞凋亡的特征。结论 :　蔬菜、β-胡萝卜素可能通过抑制细胞核分裂、诱导凋亡抑制人肺癌细胞增殖 ,有剂量反应关系 ,且蔬菜的作用比 β-胡萝卜素的作用强。     

云锡矿工肺癌危险因素的队列研究

评价云南锡矿工人肺癌的危险因素,并对其效应进行定量分析,方法：应用Ｐｏｉｓｓｏｎ回归和树型分类分析在云锡肺癌现场建立的高危人群队列资料。结果：云锡矿工肺癌的主要危险因素职业性因素,如氡、砷和粉尘;同时还存在与职业因素协同作用的非职业危险因素,如吸烟、慢支炎、受教育年限等。     

Increased green and yellow vegetable intake and lowered cancer deaths in an elderly population

In a prospective cohort study of 1271 Massachusetts residents 66 years of age or older, we examined the association between consumption of carotene-containing vegetables and subsequent five year mortality. Dietary information was obtained by food frequency questionnaire in 1976. The relative risk of cancer mortality was examined within quintiles of green and yellow vegetable score (calculated from intake of carrots or squash, tomatoes, salads or leafy vegetables, dried fruits, fresh strawberries or fresh melon, and broccoli or brussel sprouts). After controlling for age and smoking behavior, those in the highest quintile of intake of these carotene-containing vegetables had a risk of cancer mortality which was 0.3 (95% confidence limits 0.10-0.96) that of those in the lowest quintile. The trend of decreased cancer risk with increasing intake of carotene containing vegetables was significant (p = .026). This relationship is consistent with the hypothesis that carotene may act as an inhibitor of carcinogenesis.     

Dietary intake and risk of lung cancer in women who never smoked

A case‐control study was conducted to examine the influence of dietary factors on the risk of developing lung cancer among women who have never smoked cigarettes. This study included 124 cases of histologically confirmed carcinoma of the lung and 263 community‐based controls. Dietary data were collected utilizing the reduced version of the National Cancer Institute (Block) food frequency questionnaire. The results of this analysis, adjusted for age, education, and total calories, indicated a strong protective effect associated with total vegetable consumption and intake of carotene. Individuals in the highest quartile of vegetable consumption experienced the greatest decreased risk with an odds ratio (OR) of 0.2, [confidence interval (CI) 0.1–0.5]. The effect of all vegetables combined was greater than that of green and yellow vegetables alone (highest quartile OR 0.4, CI 0.2–0.7). Similarly, the protective effect of total carotene (highest quartile OR 0.3, CI 0.1–0.6) was somewhat greater than that of ß‐carotene alone (highest quartile OR 0.4, CI 0.2–0.8). Retinol intake was not associated with a decreased risk of lung cancer in our population. There was an inverse association between lung cancer risk and vitamin C intake, which was not significant, although a statistically significant trend was noted.     

Cruciferous Vegetable Intake Is Inversely Correlated with Circulating Levels of Proinflammatory Markers in Women

BackgroundHigher intakes of cruciferous vegetables or their constituents have been shown to lower inflammation in animal studies. However, evidence for this anti-inflammatory effect of cruciferous vegetable consumption in humans is scarce.Objective/DesignIn this cross-sectional analysis, we evaluated associations of vegetable intake with a panel of inflammatory and oxidative stress markers among 1,005 middle-aged Chinese women. Dietary intake of foods was assessed by a food frequency questionnaire.ResultsMultivariable-adjusted circulating concentrations of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interlukin-1β (IL-1β), and IL-6 were lower among women with higher intakes of cruciferous vegetables. The differences in concentrations of inflammatory biomarkers between extreme quintiles of cruciferous vegetable intake were 12.66% for TNF-α (P_trend=0.01), 18.18% for IL-1β (P_trend=0.02), and 24.68% for IL-6 (P_trend=0.02). A similar, but less apparent, inverse association was found for intakes of all vegetables combined but not for noncruciferous vegetables. Levels of the urinary oxidative stress markers F₂-isoprostanes and their major metabolite, 2,3-dinor-5,6-dihydro-15-F_2t-IsoP, were not associated with intakes of cruciferous vegetables or all vegetables combined.ConclusionsThis study suggests that the previously observed health benefits of cruciferous vegetable consumption may be partly associated with the anti-inflammatory effects of these vegetables.     

Dietary intake and risk of lung cancer in women who never smoked.

A case-control study was conducted to examine the influence of dietary factors on the risk of developing lung cancer among women who have never smoked cigarettes. This study included 124 cases of histologically confirmed carcinoma of the lung and 263 community-based controls. Dietary data were collected utilizing the reduced version of the National Cancer Institute (Block) food frequency questionnaire. The results of this analysis, adjusted for age, education, and total calories, indicated a strong protective effect associated with total vegetable consumption and intake of carotene. Individuals in the highest quartile of vegetable consumption experienced the greatest decreased risk with an odds ratio (OR) of 0.2, [confidence interval (CI) 0.1-0.5]. The effect of all vegetables combined was greater than that of green and yellow vegetables alone (highest quartile OR 0.4, CI 0.2-0.7). Similarly, the protective effect of total carotene (highest quartile OR 0.3, CI 0.1-0.6) was somewhat greater than that of beta-carotene alone (highest quartile OR 0.4, CI 0.2-0.8). Retinol intake was not associated with a decreased risk of lung cancer in our population. There was an inverse association between lung cancer risk and vitamin C intake, which was not significant, although a statistically significant trend was noted.     

结、直肠癌与营养因素的流行病学研究

本研究为一项基于人群的病例对照研究，以比较结、直肠癌发病危险因素的差异性。结果表明：①饱和脂肪酸和猪肉类食物的摄入量多可能是结肠癌的重要的危险因素，而与直肠癌关系不密切。②蔬菜类食品（尤其是十字花科类、鲜豆类、根茎类、海带紫菜类）、新鲜水果以及一些主要来源于植物性食品的营养素（如膳食纤维、胡萝卜素，维生素Ｃ等）的摄入量少使结、直肠癌发病危险性增加，这些因素与直肠癌的关系相对较为密切。③高摄入油炸和腌制食品均显著增加结、直肠癌的相对危险度。④结肠癌病例组一级亲属中有大肠癌患者的比例是对照组的２．９倍（Ｐ＜Ｏ．０１），直肠癌病例组仅为１．６倍（Ｐ＞０．０５）。