超声造影联合实验室指标鉴别诊断甲状腺乳头状癌淋巴结转移与颈部淋巴结结核的价值

目的 探讨超声造影联合实验室指标白介素17(IL-17)、血清可溶性白介素受体(SIL-2R)及甲状腺球蛋白(TG)鉴别诊断甲状腺乳头状癌淋巴结转移与颈部淋巴结结核的价值.方法 选取我院经病理证实为甲状腺乳头状癌淋巴结转移患者59例(转移组)和颈部淋巴结结核患者63例(结核组),观察两组淋巴结分区、长短径比值、淋巴门、...     

超声检查对甲状腺乳头状癌早期颈部淋巴结转移的诊断价值分析

目的探讨术前超声检查诊断甲状腺乳头状癌发生颈部淋巴结转移的临床价值。方法选取2013年1月至2015年12月在该院行甲状腺乳头状癌手术及颈部淋巴结清扫术的97例患者进行回顾性分析,根据患者术前颈部超声检查资料,分析超声诊断甲状腺乳头状癌发生颈部淋巴结转移的临床价值。结果术后病理结果证实甲状腺乳头状癌患者发生颈部淋巴结转移的有60例,未发生转移的有37例。颈部淋巴结转移患者的淋巴结纵横径比2者比例、点状钙化发生率、淋巴门结构消失发生率、囊性变发生率、淋巴结内部峰值血流速度增大发生率、阻力指数减低发生率高于无转移患者,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。术前超声检查诊断颈部淋巴结转移的敏感度为88.33%,特异度为72.97%,漏诊率为11.67%,误诊率为27.03%。结论术前超声检查诊断甲状腺乳头状癌颈部淋巴结转移具有无创、价格低廉的特点,同时具有较高的诊断敏感度和特异度。     

甲状腺乳头状癌颈部淋巴转移与淋巴结核的超声鉴别诊断

目的:探讨超声检查在甲状腺乳头状癌的颈部淋巴结转移与颈部淋巴结结核鉴别诊断中的价值。方法:回顾分析经病理证实的54例甲状腺乳头状癌伴颈部淋巴结转移患者及29例颈部淋巴结结核患者的超声检查资料,分别观察其病变淋巴结数目、大小、形态、边界、淋巴门结构、钙化和囊性变及血流模式。结果:54例甲状腺乳头状癌患者共评估83个转移性淋巴结,29例淋巴结结核患者共评估48个淋巴结。2组间的淋巴结横径、形态、边界、淋巴门结构及囊性变等差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),而2组间的淋巴结最大径、钙化大小(粗钙化或细钙化)及血流模式差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:淋巴结的最大径、钙化大小及血流模式有助于甲状腺乳头状癌转移性淋巴结与颈部淋巴结结核间的鉴别诊断。     

高频超声术前诊断甲状腺乳头状癌患者颈部转移性淋巴结

目的 探讨甲状腺乳头状癌患者颈部淋巴结转移的术前高频超声声像图特征。方法 回顾性分析212例甲状腺乳头状癌患者资料,根据术后组织病理学结果分为无颈部淋巴结转移组（n=103）、颈部淋巴结转移组（n=109）。分析2组淋巴结的声像图表现及转移性淋巴结的颈部分布区域。结果 颈部淋巴结转移组颈部淋巴结皮髓质分界不清且淋巴门消失、回声增强,淋巴结长短径比<2,淋巴结短径>5 mm,淋巴结内多个点状强回声,淋巴结血流呈混合型或周围型,淋巴结血流丰富者分别占86.24%（94/109）、70.64%（77/109）、41.28%（45/109）、17.43%（19/109）、53.21%（58/109）、48.62%（53/109）;无颈部淋巴结转移组上述征象分别占16.50%（17/103）、2.91%（3/103）、11.65%（12/103）、1.94%（2/103）、17.48%（18/103）、16.50%（17/103）,2组间各超声征象差异均有统计学意义（P均<0.001）。以手术所见分区为标准,颈部淋巴结转移组术前超声对淋巴结分区的诊断准确率分别为颈Ⅵ区57.58%（38/66）、颈Ⅴ区75.00%（3/4）、颈Ⅳ区81.25%（13/16）、颈Ⅲ区76.92%（10/13）、颈Ⅱ区70.00%（7/10）。结论 术前甲状腺乳头状癌颈部淋巴结转移的高频超声表现具有特征性,对外科确定颈部淋巴结处理策略有指导作用。     

颈部淋巴结内囊性变在甲状腺乳头状癌转移诊断中的作用

目的:观察高分辨率超声仪在诊断甲状腺乳头状癌颈部淋巴结转移中的作用,并评价颈部淋巴结内囊性变作为甲状腺乳头状癌转移的特征性改变及其特异性和敏感性。方法:回顾性分析87例颈部淋巴结异常的患者,所有患者均曾行灰阶及彩色多普勒检查、超声引导细针穿刺活检和/或术后组织病理学检查。结果:所有患者超声显示淋巴结异常,在69%甲状腺乳头状癌患者的转移淋巴结中可见囊性变。而在非甲状腺乳头状癌患者的转移淋巴结中仅有2例可见此现象。颈部淋巴结内部出现囊性变作为甲状腺乳头状癌转移的超声特征性改变,其敏感度为69%,特异度为96.6%,阳性预测值为90.9%,阴性预测值为83.6%,准确度为87.4%。结论:颈部淋巴结内出现囊性变高度提示甲状腺乳头状癌转移。     

超声检测颈部淋巴结对弥漫性硬化型甲状腺乳头状癌的诊断价值

目的 探讨超声检测颈部淋巴结对弥漫性硬化型甲状腺乳头状癌(DSV)的诊断和鉴别诊断价值.方法 4年中甲状腺恶性肿瘤192例,从甲状腺乳头状癌中筛选出20例DSV(10.4%,20/192),分析DSV病例手术前颈部转移淋巴结声像图及甲状腺病变程度与淋巴结转移的关系.结果 DSV 20例,淋巴结转移18例(均为中央区淋巴结转移)侧颈区转移16例(88.9%).转移淋巴结直径5～32 mm,平均13 mm,呈等回声5例(27.8%)或偏高回声13例(72.2%),转移淋巴结皆伴沙粒体和血流信号增加.结论 DSV发生在相对年轻的患者,90%发生颈部淋巴结转移,超声检出颈部淋巴结特征性表现有助于DSV的鉴别诊断.     

超声血流动力学在甲状腺乳头状癌颈部淋巴结转移诊断中的应用

目的探讨利用超声血流动力学诊断甲状腺乳头状癌(PTC)颈部淋巴结转移的临床价值。方法回顾性分析132例甲状腺乳头状癌患者的临床资料,记录超声检测淋巴结的纵横比、内部回声、均匀性、边界规则性和钙化情况。分析淋巴结转移组和无转移组(对照组)的差异。结果超声血流动力学诊断甲状腺乳头状癌颈部淋巴结转移的灵敏度分别为纵横比2(93.06%)、淋巴结内部回声(94.44%)、边界(90.28%)、钙化情况(87.50%);淋巴结转移组与对照组的纵横比、淋巴结内部回声、边界、钙化情况的差异有统计学意义(χ2=88.009、78.895、48.584、66.429,P均=0.000)。结论超声血流动力学检查是诊断甲状腺乳头状癌颈部淋巴结转移的一种高效、快速方便的方法,有重要临床参考价值。     

超声检查在预测甲状腺乳头状癌颈部淋巴结转移中的研究进展

甲状腺乳头状癌是一种惰性内分泌肿瘤,发病率日益增高。超声检查作为最基础的影像学检查方式,在诊断甲状腺乳头状癌颈部淋巴结转移中具有着重要地位。本文就目前几种常用的评估甲状腺乳头状癌患者发生颈部淋巴结转移的超声诊断方法的应用进展进行综述。     

超声造影评估甲状腺乳头状癌颈部淋巴结转移诊断中的价值

目的探讨超声造影(CEUS)评估甲状腺乳头状癌淋巴结转移的临床价值。方法对186例细针穿刺确认甲状腺乳头状癌的患者,术前行超声造影检查,并与术后病理结果对比,探讨PTC大小及CEUS增强模式与颈部淋巴结转移之间的联系。结果总计37例患者术后病理提示颈部淋巴结转移,不同大小的甲状腺乳头状癌与颈部淋巴结转移之间相关不存在显著性差异(P0.05),甲状腺乳头状癌CEUS不同增强模式与颈部淋巴结转移之间相关存在显著性差异(P0.05)。结论超声造影增强模式与甲状腺乳头状癌颈部淋巴结转移之间存在相关联系。     

甲状腺微小乳头状癌超声特征与淋巴结转移的分析

目的探讨超声检查结果对于甲状腺微小乳头状癌合并颈部淋巴结转移的诊断价值。方法回顾性分析136例经病理证实为甲状腺微小乳头状癌患者的超声影像学资料及术后颈部淋巴结病理结果,分析超声特征与颈部淋巴结转移的相关因素。结果单因素分析结果显示,多发病灶、结节边界模糊及结节与甲状腺被膜接触的患者易发生颈部淋巴结转移(P<0.05);多因素分析结果显示,边界模糊及结节与甲状腺被膜接触是颈部淋巴结转移的独立危险因素。结论多发病灶、结节边界模糊及结节与甲状腺被膜接触对甲状腺乳头状癌患者颈部淋巴结转移具有良好的预测价值。     

Antibody formation by single cells from lymph nodes and efferent lymph of sheep

The antibody-forming cells which appear in the popliteal lymph node and efferent lymph of the sheep following immunization with boiled Salmonella have been studied by light and electron microscopy. Cells were incubated in monolayers with target erythrocytes sensitized with bacterial lipopolysaccharide. Three types of interaction between a proportion of the lymph cells and the erythrocytes surrounding them have been shown to indicate antibody formation: plaque-formation, immuno-cyto-adherence, and localized agglutination. At the peak of the response, 4 days after antigenic stimulation approximately 1 cell in every 200 from lymph node suspensions produces detectable specific antibody, while up to 1 cell in 20 in the lymph is active. For light microscope examination, individual antibody-forming cells were smeared in serum and stained with Leishman''s stain. For electron microscopy, a number of active cells were clumped with antiserum to form a specimen of convenient size, then sectioned. Most of the active cells from efferent lymph are large and basophilic, while a small proportion are blastlike. These cells contain abundant free ribosomes and very little endoplasmic reticulum. In the node only, an additional class of antibody-forming plasma cells is found which have considerable amounts of endoplasmic reticulum in their cytoplasm.     

妇科恶性肿瘤腹腔镜淋巴结清扫术后淋巴漏的影响因素及治疗方法

目的分析妇科恶性肿瘤腹腔镜下淋巴结清扫术后淋巴漏的发生危险因素及治疗方法。方法回顾性分析2016年4月-2017年8月190例在该院妇瘤科诊断为妇科恶性肿瘤并接受腹腔镜下腹膜后淋巴结清扫术的患者的临床资料,分析患者术后淋巴漏发生的相关因素及治疗方法,并总结归纳出预防措施。结果 22例(11.58%)患者术后发生淋巴漏,16例为淡黄色引流液,6例为乳糜样引流液。单因素分析显示,淋巴漏组与非淋巴漏组的患者在术前、术后血红蛋白(Hb)、术后血清白蛋白(ALB)水平、淋巴结清扫范围及淋巴结清扫数量这5个因素中存在差异(P 0.05),而Logistic多元回归分析显示,淋巴结清扫范围及术后血清ALB水平是导致术后淋巴漏的影响因素。16例单纯淋巴漏患者经过调整饮食、纠正电解质紊乱、静脉营养及持续引流等保守治疗后治愈。6例伴乳糜漏患者给予禁食、肠外营养、皮下注射生长抑素处理,5例患者治愈,1例患者保守治疗效果不佳行手术结扎后治愈。结论淋巴结清扫范围及术后血清ALB水平是导致术后淋巴漏发生的危险因素。保守治疗及充分引流可获得满意效果,术中选择合适的能量器械并熟练地掌握操作技巧、熟悉解剖和仔细操作可预防淋巴漏发生。     

Measurement of lymph node function from the extraction of immunoglobulin in lymph

Abstract

Background. We aimed to measure the extraction fraction of human immunoglobulin G (HIG) by the 1st echelon lymph node (sentinel node) following intradermal injection in patients with breast cancer undergoing axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) and examine its association with node size and presence and extent of nodal metastatic disease. Materials and methods. HIG labelled with either In-111 (n = 21) or Tc-99m (n = 9) was injected intradermally at the areolar. ALND was performed 2–4 h later. All lymph nodes were isolated and individually counted in a well-counter. The counts in the ‘hottest’ (1st echelon) node were expressed as a fraction of total counts in all the resected nodes. Since counts in the least hot nodes barely exceeded background, this fraction represents extraction fraction for the 1st echelon node. Presence of disease was noted in each 1st echelon node and the extent quantified as percentage replacement with disease. Results. Median extraction fraction in 1st echelon nodes with no or low (<1%) disease burden (n = 21) was 68 (range 23–93)%, significantly higher (p<0.05) than in diseased 1st echelon nodes (n = 9), in which it was 44 (21–66)%. There was, however, no association between extraction fraction in diseased nodes and disease extent. In nodes with no/low disease, extraction fraction was similar for the two radiolabels. There was no association between extraction fraction and node size. Conclusion. Nodal extraction fraction of HIG is a novel physiological measurement. It is reduced as a result of metastatic invasion. In the absence of disease, it shows no correlation with node size.     

前哨淋巴结转移阳性对非前哨淋巴结转移的预测效能研究

目的探讨前哨淋巴结转移阳性对非前哨淋巴结转移的预测效能。方法选择前哨淋巴结活检的乳腺癌患者共157例,检测前哨淋巴结转移情况,并分析前哨淋巴结转移阳性对非前哨淋巴结转移的预测效能。结果 157例患者共检出前哨淋巴结341枚,共发现转移的前哨淋巴结87枚。共清除非前哨淋巴结2 281枚,发现转移共301枚。非前哨淋巴结假阴性率为9.76%(8/82),其敏感度为95.12%(78/82),特异性为87.23%(81/94),准确度为87.26%(137/157)。结论前哨淋巴结转移阳性对非前哨淋巴结转移具有较好的预测效能。     

Reconstruction of lymph follicles in the mouse popliteal lymph node after X-irradiation damage

In order to suppress possible "de novo" formation of follicles in the node after irradiation, animals to be irradiated received surgical operations to block the afferent lymphatics to the popliteal node on one side, the corresponding node on the other side left intact. 600 R whole body X-irradiation severely destroyed lymph follicles in the nodes of both sides, but the number of follicles in the node on either side recovered toward normal by 3 weeks after irradiation, regardless of whether they contained germinal centers or not. In animals exposed to 1,000 R whole body X-irradiation and infused with bone marrow cells, no lymph follicles were observed in the nodes on day 9. If such treated animals were given 1.0 X 10(8) lymph node cells on day 5, lymph follicles were reconstructed in the nodes of both sides on day 9. In animals irradiated with 1,000 R to the lower half of the body, the number of follicles in the node on either side remained comparable to that of the unirradiated control node. The results favor the interpretation that although X-irradiation destroys the lymphoid elements of the follicles, the stromata of follicles persist and preserve the ability to collect small lymphocytes, and that lymph follicles are reconstructed at the sites of the stromata persisting from damaged follicles.