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1.
Mette Søgaard Peter Brønnum Nielsen Flemming Skjøth Jette Nordstrøm Kjældgaard Craig I. Coleman Torben Bjerregaard Larsen 《The American journal of medicine》2018,131(7):787-794.e4
Background
The effectiveness of rivaroxaban to reduce post-thrombotic syndrome in patients with venous thromboembolism is largely unknown. We compared rates of post-thrombotic syndrome in patients given rivaroxaban versus warfarin in a cohort of patients with incident venous thromboembolism receiving routine clinical care.Methods
We linked Danish nationwide registries to identify all patients with incident venous thromboembolism who were new users of rivaroxaban or warfarin and compared rates of post-thrombotic syndrome using an inverse probability of treatment-weighting approach to account for baseline confounding.Results
We identified 19,957 oral anticoagulation–naive patients with incident venous thromboembolism treated with warfarin or rivaroxaban (mean age, 64 years; 48% were female, 45.5% had pulmonary embolism). The propensity-weighted rate of post-thrombotic syndrome at 3 years follow-up was 0.53 incidents per 100 person-years with rivaroxaban versus 0.55 per 100 person-years with warfarin, yielding a hazard rate of 0.88 (95% confidence interval, 0.66-1.17). This association remained consistent across types of venous thromboembolism (deep venous thrombosis vs pulmonary embolism, and provoked vs unprovoked venous thromboembolism) and when censoring patients with recurrent venous thromboembolism.Conclusions
In this clinical practice setting, rivaroxaban was associated with lower but statistically nonsignificant rates of post-thrombotic syndrome, which did not appear to be mediated only by an effect on recurrent venous thromboembolism. 相似文献2.
Craig I. Coleman Alexander G.G. Turpie Thomas J. Bunz Jan Beyer-Westendorf William L. Baker 《The American journal of medicine》2019,132(4):498-504
Background
We sought to evaluate the real-world effectiveness and safety of prolonged anticoagulation with rivaroxaban following a provoked venous thromboembolism.Methods
Using US MarketScan claims from November 2012 to March 2017, we identified adults with ≥1 primary hospitalization or emergency department diagnosis code for venous thromboembolism, a provoking (major or minor, persistent or transient) risk factor, at least 3 months of continuous rivaroxaban treatment, and ≥12 months of continuous insurance benefits prior to their qualifying venous thromboembolism. Patients were categorized as either continuing rivaroxaban or discontinuing anticoagulation (no anticoagulation or nonaspirin antiplatelet agents but may have received aspirin) after the initial 3 months of rivaroxaban treatment (index date). Differences in baseline covariates between cohorts were adjusted for using inverse probability-of-treatment weights based on propensity scores (absolute standardized differences <0.1 achieved for all covariates after adjustment). Twelve month incidences of recurrent venous thromboembolism or major bleeding were compared between cohorts using Cox regression (according to an intention-to-treat methodology) and reported as hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs).Results
Among patients experiencing a provoked venous thromboembolism and treated with rivaroxaban for the first 3 months (N=4,990), continued rivaroxaban use beyond 3 months (median [25%, 75% range duration of additional rivaroxaban use?=?3 [2, 5] months) was associated with a 44% (95% CI of 9%-66%) lower hazard of recurrent venous thromboembolism without altering major bleeding risk [HR of 0.87, 95% CI of 0.51-1.49] versus anticoagulation discontinuation (with or without aspirin use).Conclusions
Our study suggests continuing rivaroxaban after the initial 3 month period was associated with a decreased risk of recurrent venous thromboembolism. The observed reduction in recurrent venous thromboembolism with prolonged rivaroxaban use was not associated with a significant change in major bleeding risk. 相似文献3.
Gerald Chi C. Michael Gibson Adrian F. Hernandez Russell D. Hull Syed Hassan A. Kazmi Ahmed Younes Sargun S. Walia Anmol Pitliya Amandeep Singh Farima Kahe Arzu Kalayci Tarek Nafee Mathieu Kerneis Fahad AlKhalfan Alexander T. Cohen Robert A. Harrington Samuel Z. Goldhaber 《The American journal of medicine》2018,131(8):972.e1-972.e7
Background
Anemia is a common finding and independent predictor for adverse outcomes in hospitalized patients with medical illness. It remains unclear whether anemia is a risk factor for venous thromboembolism and whether the presence of anemia can refine risk assessment for prediction of venous thromboembolism, thereby adding incremental utility to a validated model.Methods
In the Acute Medically Ill Venous Thromboembolism Prevention with Extended Duration Betrixaban trial (APEX), 7513 hospitalized medical patients were randomized to receive either betrixaban or standard-of-care enoxaparin for thromboprophylaxis. Baseline hemoglobin concentrations were obtained in 6861 patients, with a follow-up of 77 days. Symptomatic venous thromboembolism events, including symptomatic deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, and venous thromboembolism–related mortality, were compared between low-hemoglobin and normal-hemoglobin groups (normal range: 12.5-17.0 g/dL for males and 11.0-15.5 g/dL for females). The relationship between anemia and venous thromboembolism events was assessed by fitting a univariable and multivariable logistic regression model composed of thromboprophylaxis and risk factors. Venous thromboembolism risk refinement by hemoglobin measurement was evaluated in the International Medical Prevention Registry on Venous Thromboembolism (IMPROVE) risk assessment model.Results
Low hemoglobin at baseline was associated with a greater risk of symptomatic venous thromboembolism (relative risk [RR] 1.94 [95% confidence interval, 1.27-2.98]; P = .002), symptomatic deep vein thrombosis (RR 2.29 [1.12-4.68]; P = .019), and nonfatal pulmonary embolism (RR 2.63 [1.22-5.65]; P = .010) but not venous thromboembolism–related mortality (RR 1.47 [0.71-3.04]; P = .30). After adjusting for thromboprophylaxis, history of previous venous thromboembolism, intensive or coronary unit admission, and D-dimer, low hemoglobin (as a categorical or continuous variable) remained associated with an increased likelihood of venous thromboembolism (adjusted odds ratio 1.71 [95% confidence interval, 1.09-2.69]; P = .020). Low hemoglobin also improved risk discrimination and reclassification after inclusion in the IMPROVE model.Conclusions
Anemia was independently associated with a greater risk of symptomatic venous thromboembolism among acutely ill medical patients despite the provision of thromboprophylaxis. Hemoglobin measurement also improved risk stratification by the IMPROVE venous thromboembolism risk score. 相似文献4.
Sandro Lauber Andreas Limacher Tobias Tritschler Odile Stalder Marie Méan Marc Righini Markus Aschwanden Jürg Hans Beer Beat Frauchiger Josef Osterwalder Nils Kucher Bernhard Lämmle Jacques Cornuz Anne Angelillo-Scherrer Christian M. Matter Marc Husmann Martin Banyai Daniel Staub Drahomir Aujesky 《The American journal of medicine》2018,131(6):703.e7-703.e16
Background
Little is known about predictors and outcomes of recurrent venous thromboembolism in elderly patients.Methods
We prospectively followed up 991 patients aged ≥65 years with acute venous thromboembolism in a multicenter Swiss cohort study. The primary outcome was symptomatic recurrent venous thromboembolism. We explored the association between baseline characteristics and treatments and recurrent venous thromboembolism using competing risk regression, adjusting for periods of anticoagulation as a time-varying covariate. We also assessed the clinical consequences (case-fatality, localization) of recurrent venous thromboembolism.Results
During a median follow-up period of 30 months, 122 patients developed recurrent venous thromboembolism, corresponding to a 3-year cumulative incidence of 14.8%. The case-fatality of recurrence was high (20.5%), particularly in patients with unprovoked (23%) and cancer-related venous thromboembolism (29%). After adjustment, only unprovoked venous thromboembolism (sub-hazard ratio, 1.67 compared with provoked venous thromboembolism; 95% confidence interval, 1.00-2.77) and proximal deep vein thrombosis (sub-hazard ratio, 2.41 compared with isolated distal deep vein thrombosis; 95% confidence interval, 1.07-5.38) were significantly associated with recurrence. Patients with initial pulmonary embolism were more likely to have another pulmonary embolism as a recurrent event than patients with deep vein thrombosis.Conclusions
Elderly patients with acute venous thromboembolism have a substantial long-term risk of recurrent venous thromboembolism, and recurrence carries a high case-fatality rate. Only 2 factors, unprovoked venous thromboembolism and proximal deep vein thrombosis, were independently associated with recurrent venous thromboembolism, indicating that traditional risk factors for venous thromboembolism recurrence (eg, cancer) may be less relevant in the elderly. 相似文献5.
Paul D. Stein Russell D. Hull Fadi Matta Abdo Y. Yaekoub Jane Liang 《The American journal of medicine》2009,122(10):919-930
Purpose
To determine the incidence of heparin-associated thrombocytopenia in patients receiving prophylaxis or treatment for venous thromboembolism.Methods
We assessed the database of the National Hospital Discharge Survey from 1979 through 2005 and complemented this with a meta-analysis of published literature.Result
Among 10,554,000 patients discharged from short-stay hospitals throughout the US with venous thromboembolism during the 27 years of study, secondary thrombocytopenia was coded in 38,000 patients (0.36%). From 1979 through 1992, secondary thrombocytopenia was coded in only 0.15% of hospitalized patients with venous thromboembolism. The frequency increased sharply to 0.54% from 1993 through 2005. Secondary thrombocytopenia was rarely diagnosed among 1,446,000 patients aged <40 years and among 77,000 women who had venous thromboembolism with deliveries. Meta-analysis of published literature showed a higher incidence among patients who received unfractionated heparin (UFH) for prophylaxis than those who received low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) for prophylaxis. Treatment resulted in smaller differences of the incidence between UFH and LMWH.Conclusion
Heparin-associated thrombocytopenia is rare among patients aged <40 years and women following delivery. The risk of heparin-associated thrombocytopenia is more duration-related than dose-related, and higher with UFH when used for an extended duration. Our findings and those of the literature suggest that although heparin-associated thrombocytopenia is uncommon, the incidence can be minimized by use of LMWH, particularly if extended prophylaxis or extended treatment is required. 相似文献6.
Chatree Chai-Adisaksopha Alfonso Iorio Mark A. Crowther Javier de Miguel Estuardo Salgado Marija Zdraveska Carmen Fernández-Capitán José Antonio Nieto Giovanni Barillari Laurent Bertoletti Manuel Monreal 《The American journal of medicine》2018,131(4):430-437
Background
Low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) is the treatment of choice in cancer patients with venous thromboembolism. However, data on continuing LMWH treatment beyond 6 months remain scanty.Methods
We used the RIETE (Registro Informatizado Enfermedad TromboEmbólica) registry to compare the rate of venous thromboembolism recurrences and major bleeding appearing beyond the first 6 months of anticoagulant therapy in cancer patients with venous thromboembolism, according to therapy with LMWH or vitamin K antagonists (VKA). We performed a propensity score-matched cohort study.Results
After propensity matching, 482 cancer patients continued to receive LMWH and 482 switched to VKA. During the course of anticoagulant therapy (mean 275.5 days), 57 patients developed venous thrombosis recurrences (recurrent pulmonary embolism 26, recurrent deep vein thrombosis 29, both 2), 28 had major bleeding, 38 had nonmajor bleeding, and 129 died. No patient died of recurrent venous thrombosis, and 5 patients died of bleeding (2 were on LMWH, 3 on VKA). Patients who continued with LMWH had a similar rate of deep vein thrombosis recurrences (relative risk [RR] 1.41; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.68-2.93), pulmonary embolism recurrences (RR 0.73; 95% CI, 0.34-1.58), major bleeding (RR 0.96; 95% CI, 0.51-1.79), or nonmajor bleeding (RR 1.15; 95% CI, 0.55-2.40), compared with those who switched to VKA, but a higher mortality rate (RR 1.58; 95% CI, 1.13-2.20).Conclusions
In cancer patients with venous thromboembolism who completed 6 months of LMWH therapy, switching to VKA was associated with a similar risk of venous thrombosis recurrences or bleeding when compared with patients who continued LMWH. 相似文献7.
Danai Khemasuwan Matthew L. DiVietro DO Kawin Tangdhanakanond MD Sherry C. Pomerantz PhD Glenn Eiger MD 《The American journal of medicine》2010,123(1):60-65
Background
Recent data suggest a reduction in the occurrence of venous thromboembolism in select groups of patients who use statins. The objective of this study is to evaluate the impact of statin use on the occurrence of venous thromboembolism in patients with solid organ tumor.Methods
We conducted a retrospective, case-control study reviewing 740 consecutive patients with a diagnosis of solid organ tumor who were admitted to the Albert Einstein Medical Center, Philadelphia, Penn, between October 2004 and September 2007. Patients treated with anticoagulation therapy before their first admission were excluded. The occurrence of venous thromboembolism, risk factors for venous thromboembolism, and statin use were recorded. Patients who never used statins or had used them for less than 2 months were relegated to the control group.Results
The mean age of the study population was 65 years, and 52% of the patients were women and 76% were African American. The occurrence of venous thromboembolism was 18% (N = 132), and 26% (N = 194) were receiving statins. Among patients receiving statins, 8% (N = 16) developed a venous thromboembolism compared with 21% (N = 116) in the control group (odds ratio 0.33; 95% confidence interval, 0.19-0.57). A logistic regression analysis including risk factors for venous thromboembolism (metastatic disease, use of chemotherapy, immobilization, smoking, and aspirin use) along with statin use yielded the same results.Conclusion
This study suggests that the use of statins is associated with a significant reduction in the occurrence of venous thromboembolism. This pleiotropic effect warrants further investigation. 相似文献8.
Tobias Tritschler Andreas Limacher Marie Méan Nicolas Rodondi Drahomir Aujesky 《The American journal of medicine》2017,130(10):1221-1224
Background
Whether post-anticoagulation D-dimer levels are useful in predicting recurrence in elderly patients with unprovoked venous thromboembolism is unknown.Methods
We followed up 157 patients aged ≥65 years with acute symptomatic, unprovoked venous thromboembolism in a prospective, multicenter cohort study. All patients completed 3-12 months of anticoagulation and then underwent quantitative D-dimer testing (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) 12 months after the index venous thromboembolism. The outcome was recurrent symptomatic venous thromboembolism after D-dimer measurement. We examined associations between log-transformed and dichotomized D-dimer values and the time to venous thromboembolism recurrence using competing risk regression, adjusting for age, sex, and overt pulmonary embolism.Results
There was no statistically significant association between quantitative or dichotomized D-dimer levels and venous thromboembolism recurrence. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for predicting recurrent venous thromboembolism was moderate (0.66; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.51-0.82). The negative likelihood ratios were 0.34 (95% CI, 0.05-2.38) at the usual and 0.34 (95% CI, 0.09-1.29) at the age-adjusted cutoff values. Among patients with normal D-dimer results, venous thromboembolism recurrence rates were 6.8 (95% CI, 2.2-21.2) per 100 patient-years using the usual and 7.1 (95% CI, 3.2-15.8) per 100 patient-years using the age-adjusted cutoff values.Conclusion
D-dimer testing alone may not be useful in identifying elderly patients with unprovoked venous thromboembolism who are at low risk of recurrent venous thromboembolism and in whom anticoagulants may be safely stopped. 相似文献9.
Benjamin Brenner Behnood Bikdeli Inna Tzoran Olga Madridano Raquel López-Reyes José María Suriñach Ángeles Blanco-Molina Antonella Tufano Juan José López Núñez Javier Trujillo-Santos Manuel Monreal 《The American journal of medicine》2018,131(9):1095-1103
Background
Venous thromboembolism is common in patients with malignancies, affecting up to 10% of this patient population. The association between arterial ischemic events and venous thromboembolism also has been established. However, the influence of arterial ischemic events on outcomes in cancer patients with venous thromboembolism has not been fully determined.Methods
The current study analyzed clinical characteristics, time course, risk factors, incidence and severity of venous thromboembolism recurrences, arterial ischemic events and major bleeding in 5717 patients with active cancer and venous thromboembolism recruited into RIETE (multi-center prospective registry of patients with objectively confirmed venous thromboembolism).Results
During the anticoagulation course (median 7.3 months), 499 (8.7%) patients developed venous thromboembolism recurrences, 63 (1.1%) developed arterial events, and 346 (6.1%) suffered from major bleeding. Overall, major bleeding and arterial events appeared earlier (median 35 and 36 days, respectively) than venous thromboembolism recurrences (median 97 days). Thirty-day mortality rates after each event were: 20% after recurrent pulmonary embolism, 13% after recurrent deep vein thrombosis, 41% after major bleeding, 40% after myocardial infarction, 64% after ischemic stroke, and 83% after lower limb amputation. Bleeding was the leading cause of death (67 fatal bleeds), whereas cumulative mortality due to arterial ischemic events (n?=?27) was similar to that related to pulmonary embolism recurrences (n?=?26).Conclusions
In this study, arterial ischemic events and major bleeding appeared early after venous thromboembolism in patients with active cancer and were among frequent causes of their deaths. The risk and severity of arterial events need to be considered in this clinical setting. 相似文献10.
Venous thromboembolism comprising deep venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolus is common. Patients with venous thromboembolism may present to a variety of health care providers, and while a significant proportion of patients begin treatment in the hospital, ambulatory management of both deep venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolus is feasible and becoming more common. Initial anticoagulant management, investigation of venous thromboembolism etiology, and decisions about extended anticoagulation require coordinated care by physicians from multiple specialties. Comprehensive management of venous thromboembolism requires coordinated care from the time of presentation in order to expedite diagnosis, initiate timely anticoagulant treatment, determine the need for extended anticoagulation based on risk of bleeding and recurrent thrombosis, and advise on thromboprophylaxis during future high-risk periods for venous thromboembolism. In this review we use case scenarios to provide an operational framework, based on current evidence-based recommendations, for informed decision-making about a number of clinical practice issues that are frequently encountered in the management of venous thromboembolism patients. 相似文献
11.
目的 通过对住院期间发生静脉血栓栓塞症（Venous thromboembolism，VTE）患者危险因素的分析，探讨VTE发生的高危因素。探索应用Caprini风险评估模型评估住院患者VTE发生风险的有效性。方法 对2012年1月1日至2012年12月31日在煤炭总院及朝阳医院确诊为VTE的住院患者进行研究。287例符合入选条件的被纳入研究。收集患者的一般资料、VTE危险因素、相关实验室检查及影像学检查结果等。分析VTE与各危险因素之间的关系。应用Caprini风险评估模型患者进行VTE风险评估。随访患者出院后VTE复发情况及生存状态。结果 1.287例患者中，92例（32.1％）患者仅患有DVT，93例（32.4％）患者仅患有PTE，102例（35.5％）患者同时患有DVT及PTE。155例为内科患者，132例为外科患者。2.VTE患者危险因素排在前五位的依次是：BMI>25 kg/m2（63.2％），蛋白C或蛋白S缺乏（52.4%），血清同型半胱氨酸升高（50%），长期卧床136例（47.4％），严重肺部疾病132例（46.0％）。3.与内科患者相比，Caprini模型评估外科患者VTE发生风险更为有效，且差异有统计学意义（风险评估分值在内科患者6.68±3.27，外科患者7.84±3.45，P=0.004）。4. 随访中，48例患者复发性VTE，复发率为18.5%。其中极高危患者的复发率最高（29.0％），其次为高危患者（6.5％），低中危患者无VTE复发。生存曲线显示极高危患者VTE复发风险最高，且差异有统计学意义（P=0.021）。结论 1.住院患者VTE的高危因素包括：BMI>25kg/m2，蛋白C或蛋白S缺乏，血清同型半胱氨酸升高，长期卧床，严重肺部疾病。2. Caprini模型评估外科患者VTE发生风险较内科患者更为有效，并且为预测VTE复发风险提供参考。 相似文献
12.
赵宏伟 《中国心血管病研究杂志》2020,18(1)
目的 对比左心耳封堵术、华法林、利伐沙班在非瓣膜性房颤（NVAF）病人卒中预防中的治疗效果。方法 以2016年9月-2018年8月于辽宁省人民医院治疗的156例NVAF病人为研究对象,随机分为A组（左心耳封堵术）、B组（利伐沙班）、C组（华法林）3组,观察各组病人卒中发生率、出血事件发生率、治疗后3个月凝血功能指标及治疗后1个月、3个月肝肾功能指标。结果 A组病人均成功实施左心耳封堵术,有4例病人出现残余分流,分别为2mm、3mm、1mm、2mm,3个月后残余分流均消失,各组治疗期间未有严重药品反应及死亡病例;三组病人卒中发生率比较差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）;A组出血事件发生率较C组低（P＜0.05）,而B组与C组比较差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）;三组病人凝血酶原时间（PT）、凝血酶时间（TT）、纤维蛋白原（FIB）比较差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）,且A组FIB较C组高,而活化部分凝血活酶时间（APTT）较B组、C组低,B组APTT也较C组低（P＜0.05）;三组病人治疗后1个月及3个月肝肾功能指标比较差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。结论 在预防NVAF病人卒中中,左心耳封堵术、华法林、利伐沙班均具有积极预防作用,而左心耳封堵术相对于华法林与利伐沙班更具有安全性,凝血效果更好。 相似文献
13.
华法令与阿斯匹林预防非瓣膜性心房颤动并发血栓栓塞的临床研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
比较华法令、阿斯匹林对非瓣膜性心房颤动(NVAF)的抗血栓栓塞的疗效和不良反应,探索适合中国人的抗凝强度。入选NVAF患者126例,按2:1随机分成两组,华法令组予华法令1～3mg/d,阿斯匹林组予阿斯匹林200mg/d,所有患者均同时给予基础疾病治疗。华法令组监测国际标准化比值(INR),将其控制在1.6～2.5。门诊随访18个月,比较两组脑卒中及并发症发生率。结果:完成随访114例,其中华法令组76例,阿斯匹林组38例,失访率10.53%。华法令组缺血性脑卒中发病率2.63%,阿斯匹林组为15.79%(P<0.05)。华法令组有12例出现不同程度出血,阿斯匹林组无明显出血并发症,仅4例出现胃肠道不适,两组并发症发生率分别为15.79%和10.52%,无显著性差异(P>0.05)。结论:华法令(INR1.6～2.5)预防NVAF并发血栓栓塞的疗效优于阿斯匹林。 相似文献
14.
The last decade witnessed major advances in the prevention and treatment of venous as well as of arterial thrombosis. Limitations of existing anticoagulants led to the development of novel therapeutic approaches. Ximelagatran is a new direct thrombin inhibitor (DTI) that is given orally, without the need for close monitoring. This compound was tried in the treatment of active venous thromboembolism, and the results were encouraging. Randomized trials suggest that ximelagatran is not inferior to warfarin in the prevention of stroke in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation. Multiple controlled, prospective trials compared ximelagatran with low molecular weight heparin or warfarin in prevention of venous thromboembolism in patients undergoing major orthopedic procedures. The results of these clinical trials are reviewed in this article. Because of certain safety concerns (increased liver enzymes, potential hepatonecrosis, and increased coronary events) ximelagatran has not yet been approved by the FDA. Additional studies may be required to address these concerns. Ximelagatran has been approved, however, by the European regulatory authorities for short‐term thromboprophylaxis. The success of ximelagatran or other oral antithrombin agents would provide significant proof of the concept for the long‐term use of oral antithrombins in the prevention and treatment of both arterial and venous thrombosis. 相似文献
15.
Abstract: Comparison of sodium and calcium heparin in prevention of venous thromboembolism. J. F. Cade, J. T. Andrews and A. E. Stubbs. Aust. HZ. J. Med., 1982, 12 , pp. 501–504.
The relative efficacy of sodium and calcium heparin in preventing venous thromboembolism and their relative side-effects were studied in 234 high-risk patients in a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. The two heparin preparations were from the same batch and in the same concentration, and were given in a dose of 5000 U 12 hourly. Positive leg scans were found in 19% after placebo, 12% after sodium heparin and 8% after calcium heparin. Bruising at the injection site was more common after calcium heparin (66%) than after sodium heparin (53%) or placebo (38%). Pain at the injection site was also more common after calcium heparin (26%) than after sodium heparin (8%) or \ placebo (6%). Changes in the activated partial thromboplastin time were small and did not correlate with leg scan results or bruising. While there was a tendency for calcium heparin to be possibly more effective, it was followed by significantly more local haema toma and pain. 相似文献
The relative efficacy of sodium and calcium heparin in preventing venous thromboembolism and their relative side-effects were studied in 234 high-risk patients in a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. The two heparin preparations were from the same batch and in the same concentration, and were given in a dose of 5000 U 12 hourly. Positive leg scans were found in 19% after placebo, 12% after sodium heparin and 8% after calcium heparin. Bruising at the injection site was more common after calcium heparin (66%) than after sodium heparin (53%) or placebo (38%). Pain at the injection site was also more common after calcium heparin (26%) than after sodium heparin (8%) or \ placebo (6%). Changes in the activated partial thromboplastin time were small and did not correlate with leg scan results or bruising. While there was a tendency for calcium heparin to be possibly more effective, it was followed by significantly more local haema toma and pain. 相似文献
16.
So-Yun Yi Lyn M. Steffen Pamela L. Lutsey Mary Cushman Aaron R. Folsom 《The American journal of medicine》2021,134(6):763-768.e3
BackgroundPublished studies are inconsistent about whether differences in diet are associated with risk of venous thromboembolism. We studied the association between dietary patterns and incident venous thromboembolism in a large US cohort.MethodsThe Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study followed 14,818 middle-aged males and females for incident venous thromboembolism over an average of 22 years between 1987 and 2015. Trained interviewers assessed dietary intake at visits 1 and 3, using a food frequency questionnaire. We derived 2 dietary pattern scores using principal component analysis and ascertained and verified hospitalized venous thromboembolism. In separate proportional hazards regression analyses, we examined associations of quintiles of the prudent and the Western dietary pattern scores with risk of developing non-cancer-related and total venous thromboembolism, adjusting for demographic characteristics, lifestyle factors, body mass index, and diabetes.ResultsWith 860 total incident venous thromboembolism events, the hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) of incident non-cancer-related venous thromboembolism (n = 631) across quintiles of the prudent dietary pattern score were 1 (reference), 1.04 (0.81-1.32), 0.84 (0.65-1.08), 0.70 (0.53-0.91), and 0.88 (0.67-1.15), Ptrend = .04. Across quintiles of the Western dietary pattern score, hazard ratios of non-cancer-related venous thromboembolism were 1 (reference), 1.13 (0.87-1.45), 1.20 (0.92-1.56), 1.03 (0.77-1.39), and 1.58 (1.13-2.21), Ptrend = .04. Associations were similar for total venous thromboembolism.ConclusionsIn this community-based cohort, a prudent dietary pattern was associated with a lower risk of future venous thromboembolism, whereas a Western dietary pattern was associated with a higher risk. 相似文献
17.
Nicolas Faller Andreas Limacher Marie Méan Marc Righini Markus Aschwanden Jürg Hans Beer Beat Frauchiger Josef Osterwalder Nils Kucher Bernhard Lämmle Jacques Cornuz Anne Angelillo-Scherrer Christian M. Matter Marc Husmann Martin Banyai Daniel Staub Lucia Mazzolai Olivier Hugli Drahomir Aujesky 《The American journal of medicine》2017,130(2):198-206
Background
Long-term predictors and causes of death are understudied in elderly patients with acute venous thromboembolism.Methods
We prospectively followed up 991 patients aged ≥65 years with acute venous thromboembolism in a multicenter Swiss cohort study. The primary outcome was overall mortality. We explored the association between patient baseline characteristics and mortality, adjusting for other baseline variables and periods of anticoagulation as a time-varying covariate. Causes of death over time were adjudicated by a blinded, independent committee.Results
The median age was 75 years. During a median follow-up period of 30 months, 206 patients (21%) died. Independent predictors of overall mortality were age (hazard ratio [HR], 1.32; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.05-1.65, per decade), active cancer (HR, 5.80; 95% CI, 4.22-7.97), systolic blood pressure <100 mm Hg (HR, 2.77; 95% CI, 1.56-4.92), diabetes mellitus (HR, 1.50; 95% CI, 1.02-2.22), low physical activity level (HR, 1.92; 95% CI, 1.38-2.66), polypharmacy (HR, 1.41; 95% CI, 1.01-1.96), anemia (HR, 1.48; 95% CI, 1.07-2.05), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein >40 mg/L (HR, 1.88; 95% CI, 1.36-2.60), ultra-sensitive troponin >14 pg/mL (HR, 1.54; 95% CI, 1.06-2.25), and D-dimer >3000 ng/mL (HR, 1.45; 95% CI, 1.04-2.01). Cancer (34%), pulmonary embolism (18%), infection (17%), and bleeding (6%) were the most common causes of death.Conclusions
Elderly patients with acute venous thromboembolism have a substantial long-term mortality, and several factors, including polypharmacy and a low physical activity level, are associated with long-term mortality. Cancer, pulmonary embolism, infections, and bleeding are the most common causes of death in the elderly with venous thromboembolism. 相似文献18.
Inna Tzoran Manolis Papadakis Benjamin Brenner Ángeles Fidalgo Agustina Rivas Philip S. Wells Olga Gavín María Dolores Adarraga Farès Moustafa Manuel Monreal 《The American journal of medicine》2017,130(4):482.e1-482.e9
Background
Individuals with factor V Leiden or prothrombin G20210A mutations are at a higher risk to develop venous thromboembolism. However, the influence of these polymorphisms on patient outcome during anticoagulant therapy has not been consistently explored.Methods
We used the Registro Informatizado de Enfermedad TromboEmbólica database to compare rates of venous thromboembolism recurrence and bleeding events occurring during the anticoagulation course in factor V Leiden carriers, prothrombin mutation carriers, and noncarriers.Results
Between March 2001 and December 2015, 10,139 patients underwent thrombophilia testing. Of these, 1384 were factor V Leiden carriers, 1115 were prothrombin mutation carriers, and 7640 were noncarriers. During the anticoagulation course, 160 patients developed recurrent deep vein thrombosis and 94 patients developed pulmonary embolism (16 died); 154 patients had major bleeding (10 died), and 291 patients had nonmajor bleeding. On multivariable analysis, factor V Leiden carriers had a similar rate of venous thromboembolism recurrence (adjusted hazard ratio [HR], 1.16; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.82-1.64), half the rate of major bleeding (adjusted HR, 0.50; 95% CI, 0.25-0.99) and a nonsignificantly lower rate of nonmajor bleeding (adjusted HR, 0.66; 95% CI, 0.43-1.01) than noncarriers. Prothrombin mutation carriers and noncarriers had a comparable rate of venous thromboembolism recurrence (adjusted HR, 1.00; 95% CI, 0.68-1.48), major bleeding (adjusted HR, 0.75; 95% CI, 0.42-1.34), and nonmajor bleeding events (adjusted HR, 1.10; 95% CI, 0.77-1.57).Conclusions
During the anticoagulation course, factor V Leiden carriers had a similar risk for venous thromboembolism recurrence and half the risk for major bleeding compared with noncarriers. This finding may contribute to decision-making regarding anticoagulation duration in selected factor V Leiden carriers with venous thromboembolism. 相似文献19.
John Fanikos Allison E. Burnett Charles E. Mahan Paul P. Dobesh 《The American journal of medicine》2017,130(10):1137-1143
Because differences in renal function can affect the efficacy and safety of direct oral anticoagulants, prescribing an appropriate dose based on renal function is critical, especially in patient populations with a high incidence of renal impairment. In patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation and mild or moderate renal impairment, direct oral anticoagulants are associated with a better risk–benefit profile compared with warfarin. However, less is known regarding outcomes in patients with venous thromboembolism and renal impairment. The efficacy and safety of direct oral anticoagulants in patients with venous thromboembolism and renal impairment are primarily derived from prespecified subgroup analyses of the phase 3 clinical trials. We summarize the available data on direct oral anticoagulant use in patients with venous thromboembolism and renal impairment. Clinicians are encouraged to follow study inclusion/exclusion criteria and perform renal dose adjustments based on the Cockcroft–Gault equation using actual body weight when indicated to avoid adverse events. 相似文献
20.
Su Young Kim Yeon Seo Cho Hyun-Soo Kim Jung Kuk Lee Hee Man Kim Hong Jun Park Hyunil Kim Jihoon Kim Dae Ryong Kang 《Gut and liver》2022,16(4):555
Background/AimsInflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is associated with the occurrence of venous thromboembolism (VTE). However, to date, there have been few studies on the risk of VTE in Asian IBD patients. We aimed to estimate the incidence of VTE in Asian IBD patients and to determine if IBD is related to increased VTE risk.MethodsWe performed a population-based cohort study between 2004 and 2015 using Korean National Health Insurance data. IBD and VTE were defined by ICD-10 codes. Incidence rates of VTE were calculated among patients with IBD and among age- and sex-matched controls. Hazard ratios were estimated using Cox regression with adjustment for multiple variables. We performed additional analyses stratifying by age, sex, Charlson comorbidity index (CCI) score, and disease type.ResultsAmong the 45,037 patients with IBD (IBD cohort) and 133,019 matched controls (non-IBD cohort) included in our analysis, 411 IBD patients and 641 controls developed VTE. The IBD cohort had a higher incidence rate ratio and risk of VTE than the non-IBD cohort (incidence rate ratio 1.92 and hazard ratio 1.93). Older age, female sex, higher CCI scores, cardiovascular disease, chronic kidney disease, use of steroids, and hospitalization were significant risk factors for VTE in patients with IBD.ConclusionsThe IBD patients in this study were approximately two times more likely to develop VTE than the non-IBD individuals. Our findings support the need for thromboprophylaxis in Asian IBD patients with various factors that further increase the risk of VTE. 相似文献