导管射频消融治疗阵发性心房颤动26例初步结果

目的 探讨导管尖消融治疗局灶性心房颤动的有效性和安全性。方法 自１９９８年５月至１９９９年１１月,对２６例药物治疗无效或有严重副作用的阵发性心房颤动患者进行导管射频消融治疗。在心内超声指导下标测左、右上肺静脉,以确定房性早捕的起源处。若房性早搏起源处不在左或右上肺静脉,则依次分别标测左或右下肺静脉和左、右心房的其它部位。确定房性早搏的消融靶点后,在心房颤动或有房性早搏时发放谢频电流消融。消融终点是     

射频消融联合左心耳封堵术治疗心房纤颤17例回顾性分析

目的探讨心房颤动"一站式"手术的有效性和安全性。方法回顾性分析临床17例心房纤颤患者通过射频消融联合左心耳封堵"一站式"手术治疗后的临床资料。结果手术后出现肺部感染2例(11.76%),一过性交界性逸搏心律2例(11.76%),食管瘘1例(5.89%),术后3个月经食道超声心动图复查发现,封堵器表面血栓形成1例(5.89%),术后6个月随访无卒中、出血及死亡患者,1例患者心房颤动复发,继续抗凝治疗,其他患者均改为阿司匹林或氯吡格雷单联抗栓治疗。结论对于卒中高危且有抗凝禁忌的非瓣膜性心房颤动患者,射频消融联合左心耳封堵"一站式"手术是可行的、安全的、有效的。     

Left atrial radiofrequency ablation during cardiac surgery in patients with atrial fibrillation

Introduction: Intraoperative left atrial radiofrequency (RF) ablation recently has been suggested as an effective surgical treatment for atrial fibrillation (AF). The aim of this study was to verify the outcome of this technique in a controlled multicenter trial. Methods and Results: One hundred three consecutive patients (39 men and 65 women; age 62 ± 11 years) affected by AF underwent cardiac surgery and RF ablation in the left atrium (RF group). The control group consisted of 27 patients (6 men and 21 women; age 64 ± 7 years) with AF who underwent cardiac surgery during the same period and refused RF ablation. Mitral valve disease was present in 89 (86%) and 25 (92%) patients, respectively (P = NS). RF endocardial ablation was performed in order to obtain isolation of both right and left pulmonary veins, a lesion connecting the previous lines, and a lesion connecting the line encircling the left veins to the mitral annulus. Upon discharge from the hospital, sinus rhythm was present in 65 patients (63%) versus 5 patients (18%) in the control group (P < 0.0001). Mean time of cardiopulmonary bypass was longer in the RF group (148 ± 50 min vs 117 ± 30 min, P = 0.013). The complication rate was similar in both groups, but RF ablation‐related complications occurred in 4 RF group patients (3.9%). After a mean follow‐up of 12.5 ± 5 months (range 4–24), 83 (81%) of 102 RF group patients were in stable sinus rhythm versus 3 (11%) of 27 in the control group (P < 0.0001). The success rate was similar among the four surgical centers. Atrial contraction was present in 66 (79.5%) of 83 patients in the RF group in sinus rhythm. Conclusion: Endocardial RF left atrial compartmentalization during cardiac surgery is effective in restoring sinus rhythm in many patients. This technique is easy to perform and reproducible. Rare RF ablation‐related complications can occur. During follow‐up, sinus rhythm persistence is good, and biatrial contraction is preserved in most patients. (J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol, Vol. 14, pp. 1289‐1295, December 2003)     

Refractory atrial fibrillation effectively treated with ranolazine

Atrial fibrillation is the most common sustained cardiac arrhythmia which is often troublesome to manage. Currently, rhythm and rate control medications are the mainstays of therapy. In 2 amiodarone-refractory highly symptomatic patients, an innovative approach using ranolazine, which selectively acts on Na+ channels and delays atrial depolarization, was tried successfully.     

微创射频消融治疗心房颤动

心房颤动（简称房颤）是最常见的快速型心律失常之一,可增加心血管疾病死亡率和发病率,我国流行病学研究显示房颤发病率为0.73％[1].房颤治疗原则包括：控制心室率、抗凝治疗、缓解症状、治疗基础心脏病和诱发因素、恢复并维持窦性心律.房颤的药物疗效差,不能预防血栓栓塞和心力衰竭,抗凝药物的应用虽然减少血栓栓塞风险但同时也增加了出血风险.导管及外科的射频消融治疗房颤效果明显好于单纯药物治疗12-4].内、外科微创射频消融治疗房颤各有优缺点,可结合其优点联合治疗房颤.     

改良迷宫双极射频消融术治疗心房颤动的早期疗效分析

目的:分析瓣膜置换同期行改良迷宫双极射频消融术治疗合并心房颤动的早期疗效。方法:2011年9月至2012年9月,39例患者在瓣膜置换术同期采用双极射频消融系统,取改良迷宫手术路径治疗心房颤动。其中男性16例,女性23例,年龄23～69岁,二尖瓣置换28例,双瓣膜置换11例,同时行三尖瓣成型26例(包括5例使用成型环)。记录术前,术后当日,出院时,出院后1个月、3个月心电图分析早期疗效。并取同期同一医师单纯瓣膜置换手术89例作为对比。结果:同期射频消融术组出院时窦性心律34例,3例仍为心房颤动,房颤消除率为87.1%。术后予胺碘酮治疗3个月。出院后3个月窦性心律35例,心房颤动消除率为89.7%。对比单纯瓣膜置换组在体外循环时间、术后前3 d胸腔积液量增加差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),其余手术并发症无增加。结论:改良迷宫双极射频消融术治疗合并心房颤动安全、简便,早期疗效好。     

瓣膜置换、房颤射频消融术治疗房颤的临床护理研究

目的：分析探讨瓣膜置换 房颤射频消融术治疗房颤患者的临床护理方法与效果。方法：选择我院2014年1月-2014年12月之间收治的行瓣膜置换 房颤射频消融术治疗的36例患者作为观察对象,采用随机的方式将其分为观察组和对照组各18例。对照组患者采取常规的护理干预;观察组患者应用系统护理方法。分析对比两组患者的临床治疗效果及患者满意度。结果：观察组患者术后出现并发症的比例小于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05);同时观察组患者对护理服务的满意度显著高于对照组,差异同样具有统计学意义(P＜0.05)。结论：对瓣膜置换 房颤射频消融术治疗房颤患者应用系统的护理干预具有很好的改善效果,构建和谐的护患关系,值得在临床中推广。     

Acute effects of left atrial radiofrequency ablation on atrial fibrillation

INTRODUCTION: Acutely, when left atrial ablation is performed during atrial fibrillation (AF), the AF may persist and require cardioversion, or it may convert to sinus rhythm or to atrial tachycardia/flutter. The prevalence of these acute outcomes has not been described. METHODS AND RESULTS: Left atrial ablation, usually including encirclement of the pulmonary veins, was performed during AF in 144 patients with drug-refractory AF. Conversion to sinus rhythm occurred in 19 patients (13%), to left atrial tachycardia in 6 (4%), and to atrial flutter in 6 (4%). In the 6 patients with a focal atrial tachycardia, the mean cycle length was 294 +/- 45 ms. The tachycardia arose in the left atrial roof in 3 patients, the left atrial appendage in 2, and the anterior left atrium in 1. In 3 of 6 patients, the focal atrial tachycardia originated in an area that displayed a relatively short cycle length during AF. In 6 patients, AF converted to macroreentrant atrial flutter with a mean cycle length of 253 +/- 47 ms, involving the mitral isthmus in 5 patients and the septum in 1 patient. All atrial tachycardias and flutters were successfully ablated with 1 to 15 applications of radiofrequency energy. CONCLUSION: When left atrial ablation is performed during AF, the AF may convert to atrial tachycardia or flutter in approximately 10% of patients. Focal atrial tachycardias that occur during ablation of AF may be attributable to driving mechanisms that persist after AF has been eliminated, whereas atrial flutter results from incomplete ablation lines.     

心房颤动的导管消融治疗

1994年Haissaguerre和Swartz等首先开展应用导管消融治疗心房颤动。随着对心房颤动发生和维持机制的深入研究、先进标测系统和技术的应用和多种消融策略的涌现,导管消融治疗心房颤动取得了飞速的发展,成为心脏电生理学领域最受关注的热点之一。研究表明,导管消融可以治愈心房颤动、提高患生活质量、改善心功能,并能提高生存率。目前国际上开展的心房颤动消融策略主要有：①肺静脉节段性电隔离（segmental pulmonary vein isolation,SPVI）;②心内超声引导下的肺静脉前庭部消融电隔离：③三维标测系统指导下的环肺静脉消融（circunferential pulmonary veins ablation,CPVA）;④迷走神经节丛消融;⑤左心房复杂碎裂电位（complex fractionated atrial electrograms,CFAE）部位消融等。在有经验的电生理中心,导管消融治疗心房颤动的成功率可达90％。[第一段]     

胸腔镜辅助下双极射频消融治疗房颤

目的 探讨微创双极射频消融对房颤治疗的效果.方法 10例阵发性房颤患者,房颤时间均在1年以上,平均年龄53岁,尢器质性心脏病,心肺肝肾功能正常,气管插管麻醉,非体外循环胸腔镜辅助下双极射频先行右肺静脉环状消融,然后行左肺静脉环状消融,最后切割缝合器切除左心耳.结果 全组无死亡,术后随访1至3个月.房颤转复率90%.复发1例,为房颤6年的患者.结论 微创双极射频消融是一种操作简单、安全有效的外科治疗房颤方法.     

Cryoballoon ablation versus radiofrequency ablation for atrial fibrillation

Catheter ablation (CA) provides the most effective treatment option for patients suffering from symptomatic atrial fibrillation (AF). The procedural cornerstone of all ablation strategies and for all entities of AF is the electrical isolation of the pulmonary veins (PV). CA with the use of radiofrequency (RF) in conjunction with a 3-dimensional electroanatomical mapping system is the most established ablation approach, but it demands a long learning curve and recurrences of AF are commonly the result of recovered PV conduction. As a consequence, novel ablation systems such as the Cryoballoon (CB) have been evolved aiming at facilitation and increased efficacy of pulmonary vein isolation (PVI). CB ablation is characterized by a short learning curve as well as short procedure times and demonstrated non-inferiority with regard to safety and efficacy when being directly compared to RF ablation for treatment of paroxysmal AF. However, RF ablation is first choice for treatment of persistent AF, in particular when expanded ablation strategies beyond PVI are intended in order to improve clinical outcomes.     

Left atrial flutter after radiofrequency catheter ablation of focal atrial fibrillation

We report an arrhythmic complication in two patients in whom a procedure directed at isolating one or two pulmonary veins had been performed. The complication was related to pulmonary vein disconnection scars after ablation. Both patients developed new clinical tachycardia (atypical atrial flutter) secondary to a reentrant phenomena in the vicinity of a previously ablated pulmonary vein.     

Left atrial appendage size is a marker of atrial fibrillation recurrence after radiofrequency catheter ablation in patients with persistent atrial fibrillation

IntroductionThere are no consistently confirmed predictors of atrial fibrillation (AF) recurrence after catheter ablation. Therefore, we aimed to study whether left atrial appendage volume (LAAV) and function influence the long‐term recurrence of AF after catheter ablation, depending on AF type.MethodsAF patients who underwent point‐by‐point radiofrequency catheter ablation after cardiac computed tomography (CT) were included in this analysis. LAAV and LAA orifice area were measured by CT. Uni‐ and multivariable Cox proportional hazard regression models were performed to determine the predictors of AF recurrence.ResultsIn total, 561 AF patients (61.9 ± 10.2 years, 34.9% females) were included in the study. Recurrence of AF was detected in 40.8% of the cases (34.6% in patients with paroxysmal and 53.5% in those with persistent AF) with a median recurrence‐free time of 22.7 (9.3–43.1) months. Patients with persistent AF had significantly higher body surface area‐indexed LAV, LAAV, and LAA orifice area and lower LAA flow velocity, than those with paroxysmal AF. After adjustment left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) <50% (HR = 2.17; 95% CI = 1.38–3.43; p < .001) and LAAV (HR = 1.06; 95% CI = 1.01–1.12; p = .029) were independently associated with AF recurrence in persistent AF, while no independent predictors could be identified in paroxysmal AF.ConclusionThe current study demonstrates that beyond left ventricular systolic dysfunction, LAA enlargement is associated with higher rate of AF recurrence after catheter ablation in persistent AF, but not in patients with paroxysmal AF.     

左心耳封堵联合房颤导管射频消融的进展

房颤导管射频消融主要目的是改善患者症状，提高患者生活质量，但不能替代抗凝治疗。而左心耳封堵术可替代抗凝治疗，成为房颤卒中预防的重要治疗手段，但不能改善房颤患者症状。因此左心耳封堵联合射频消融术是不适合口服抗凝药的症状性房颤患者的最佳治疗选择。本文针对联合术式的安全性、有效性以及相互间的影响进行综述。     

Left atrial radiofrequency compartmentalization for chronic atrial fibrillation during heart surgery

BACKGROUND: The excellent results of the Maze III operation have demonstrated that a surgical cure of atrial fibrillation (AF) is possible. A simplified Maze procedure with radiofrequency (RF)ablation of the atrial tissue added to open heart surgery may help to cure chronic AF with low risk. METHODS: From May 1998 to March 2001, an RF left atrial compartmentalization concomitant to a cardiac surgical intervention was performed on 40 of 1,258 patients (3.2 %). Thirty-seven patients had mitral valve disease, two had aortic valve disease and one had coronary artery disease. All patients presented with chronic refractory AF for a mean time of 40.4 months ranging from 4 months to 18 years. RESULTS: Mitral valve replacement (MVR) was performed in 19 patients, mitral valve repair in 12, combined aortic and mitral valve procedures were performed in 6, aortic valve replacement(AVR) in 2 and CABG in 1 patient. Cardiopulmonary bypass time for the complete procedure was 138 +/- 32 minutes with an ablation time of 19 +/- 5 minutes. No complication related to RF application was noted. Sinus rhythm was present in 68% after 12.5 +/- 8.5 months. CONCLUSIONS: RF left atrial compartmentalization combined with cardiac surgical interventions proved to be easy and safe to perform. The long-term results still have to be confirmed with further regular patient follow-up examinations.     

Defibrillation-guided radiofrequency ablation of atrial fibrillation secondary to an atrial focus

OBJECTIVES: Our aim was to evaluate a potential focal source of atrial fibrillation (AF) by unmasking spontaneous early reinitiation of AF after transvenous atrial defibrillation (TADF), and to describe a method of using repeated TADF to map and ablate the focus. BACKGROUND: Atrial fibrillation may develop secondary to a rapidly discharging atrial focus that the atria cannot follow synchronously, with suppression of the focus once AF establishes. Focus mapping and radiofrequency (RF) ablation may be curative but is limited if the patient is in AF or if the focus is quiescent. Early reinitiation of AF has been observed following defibrillation, which might have a focal mechanism. METHODS: We performed TADF in patients with drug-refractory lone AF using electrodes in the right atrium (RA) and the coronary sinus. When reproducible early reinitiation of AF within 2 min after TADF was observed that exhibited a potential focal mechanism, both mapping and RF ablation were performed to suppress AF reinitiation. Clinical and ambulatory ECG monitoring was used to assess AF recurrence. RESULTS: A total of 44 lone AF patients (40 men, 4 women; 32 persistent, 12 paroxysmal AF) with a mean age of 58+/-13 years underwent TADF. Sixteen patients had early reinitiation of AF after TADF, nine (20%; 5 paroxysmal) exhibited a pattern of focal reinitiation. Earliest atrial activation was mapped to the right superior (n = 4) and the left superior (n = 3) pulmonary vein, just inside the orifice, in the seven patients who underwent further study. At the onset of AF reinitiation, the site of earliest activation was 86+/-38 ms ahead of the RA reference electrogram. The atrial activities from this site were fragmented and exhibited progressive cycle-length shortening with decremental conduction to the rest of the atrium until AF reinitiated. Radiofrequency ablation at the earliest activation site resulted in suppression of AF reinitiation despite pace-inducibility. Improved clinical outcome was observed over 8+/-4 months' follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: Transvenous atrial defibrillation can help to unmask, map, and ablate a potential atrial focus in patients with paroxysmal and persistent AF. A consistent atrial focus is the cause of early reinitiation of AF in 20% of patients with lone AF, and these patients may benefit from this technique.