子痫前期患者血清对氧磷酶活性及脂质过氧化与血脂变化的相关性研究

目的 探讨血清中对氧磷酶(PON)活性,脂质过氧化物(丙二醛)对子痫前期(PE)患者血脂变化的影响及其与病情严重程度的相关性. 方法 入选60例PE孕妇作为试验组,健康孕晚期妇女40例作为对照组.分别检测两组受试者血清中PON活性,脂质过氧化物与血脂变化情况.结果 重度PE组患者PON活性[(81.86±29.68)kU/L]较轻度PE组[(115.80±27.25)kU/L]明显降低,轻度PE组亦明显低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).重度PE组丙二醛水平[(7.11±1.52)nmol/L]较轻度PE组[(5.16±1.02)nmol/L]明显升高,轻度PE组较对照组明显升高,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).重度PE组、轻度PE组三酰甘油、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平间差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05),且与对照组比较,差异亦均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 PON活性、脂质过氧化物、脂蛋白与PE发病及病情轻重程度有关.     

血脂及载脂蛋白与大肠腺瘤的相关性研究

目的 探讨血脂及载脂蛋白与大肠腺瘤的相关性.方法 对2010年3月至2011年12月在富阳市人民医院经结肠镜检查诊断为大肠腺瘤的82例患者(腺瘤组),及结肠镜检查未发现病变的80例患者(对照组),分别测定血清总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、载脂蛋白A1(Apo-A1)、载脂蛋白B(Apo-B),并根据腺瘤的部位、大小、数量、组织成分、组织分化程度等情况进行分组,比较各组的测定值.结果 对照组TC、TG、LDL-C、Apo-B分别为(4.00±0.20) mmol/L、(0.68 ±0.17)mmol/L、(2.14±0.22) mmol/L、(0.86±0.26)g/L,腺瘤组为(6.20±0.24) mmol/L、(2.45±0.12) mmol/L,(4.58±0.20)mmol/L、(1.25±0.15)g/L,腺瘤组明显高于对照组,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);对照组HDL-C、Apo-A1分别为(1.99±0.21)mmol/L、(1.36±0.20)g/L,腺瘤组为(0.90±0.11) mmol/L、(1.20±0.22)g/L,腺瘤组低于对照组,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).左半结肠腺瘤组血清TG显著高于右半结肠腺瘤组[(3.25±0.30) mmol/L vs.(1.66±0.29) mmol/L,P＜0.05],而血清TC、HDL-C,LDL-C、Apo-A1、Apo-B则与右半结肠腺瘤组差异无统计学意义.大小≥2 cm组血清TC显著高于＜2cm组[(6.50±0.15)mmol/L vs.(4.65±0.21)mmol/L,P＜0.05],而血清TG,HDL-C、LDL-C、Apo-A1、Apo-B则与＜2 cm组差异无统计学意义.腺瘤多发组血清TC、TG、HDL-C、LDL-C、Apo-A1、Apo-B与单发组比较差异无统计学意义.绒毛状腺瘤组血清TC显著高于混合+管状腺瘤组[(7.05±0.15)mmol/L vs.(5.30±0.12)mmol/L,P＜ 0.05],而血清TG、HDL-C、LDL-C、Apo-A1、Apo-B则与混合+管状腺瘤组差异无统计学意义.低级别上皮内瘤变组血清TG高于单纯腺瘤组.高级别上皮内瘤变组血清TG高于低级别上皮内瘤变组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),而高级别上皮内瘤变组血清HDL-C、Apo-A1低于单纯腺瘤组,Apo-B高于单纯腺瘤组与低级别内瘤变组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 TC、TG、LDL-C、Apo-B异常升高,HDL-C、Apo-A1的异常下降与大肠腺瘤的发生及恶变有相关性.     

结直肠腺瘤患者血脂水平测定及其临床意义

目的 研究结直肠腺瘤患者的血脂水平及其临床意义.方法 采用酶法、化学修饰酶法分别测定79例结直肠腺瘤患者及68例对照组的血清总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、高密度脂蛋白(HDL-C)及低密度脂蛋白(LDL-C),并进行统计学比较分析.结果 结直肠腺瘤组、远侧结肠腺瘤组的血清TG水平分别为(1.70±1.08)mmol/L、(1.91±1.20)mmol/L,均高于对照组及近侧结肠腺瘤组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);而远侧结肠腺瘤组的血清HDL-C水平为(1.16±0.27)mmol/L,低于近侧结直肠组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);男性结直肠腺瘤组的血清TG水平为(1.84±1.17)mmol/L明显高于女性患者的(1.41±0.83)mmol/L,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);各组间血清TC、LDL-C水平差异则均无统计学意义(P0.05).结论 结直肠腺瘤患者TG水平较高,尤其是远侧结肠及男性患者;HDL-C水平较高者结肠腺瘤的发病率较低.     

子痫前期孕妇血脂变化的临床意义

目的 探讨子痫前期孕妇血脂变化的临床意义.方法 随机选取150例正常孕妇,检测不同孕周的血脂水平并进行比较分析.选取82例子痫前期患者,分为轻度和重度两组,分别与正常孕晚期组比较血脂代谢变化.结果 ①正常孕妇的TG、TC、ApoA、ApoB、LDL-C水平随着孕周的增加呈上高趋势,组间差异有统计学意义(P ＜0.05);HDL-C水平变化无统计学意义(P＞0.05);②PE组的TG、TC、ApoB、LDL-C水平均大于正常组,差异具有统计学意义(P ＜0.05);PE组的ApoA和HDL-C水平低于正常组,具有统计学差异(P＜0.05);③MPE组与正常组相比,TG、TC、ApoB、LDL-C水平均增高,差异有统计学意义(P ＜0.05);ApoA与HDL-C无明显变化,无统计学差异(P＞0.05).SPE组与MPE组相比,TG、TC、ApoB、LDL-C水平均明显增高,差异有统计学意义(P ＜0.05);ApoA与HDL-C水平有所降低,有统计学差异(P＜0.05).结论 PE患者存在着明显的脂代谢异常,血脂水平与严重程度呈一定的线性趋势.因此,严格监测孕期血脂水平,对预防和改善子痫前期发病和疾病严重程度具有重要临床意义.     

普伐他汀对体外循环下冠状动脉旁路移植术患者血脂和高敏C反应蛋白的影响

目的 研究普伐他汀对常规体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术(CCABG)患者血脂和高敏C反应蛋白(HsCRP)水平的影响.方法 分析比较40例口服普伐他汀(20 mg,每日 1次),与41例冠状动脉旁路移植术(CABG)患者(对照组,不给予普伐他汀),术后不同时间血浆总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)和HsCRP水平.结果 对照组术后24 h血脂(TC、TG、HDL-C、LDL-C)均明显下降分别为(2.6±0.7)mmol/L,(0.56±0.26)mmol/L,(0.92 ±0.26)mmol/L,(1.4 ±0.5)mmol/L(P＜0.05),以后不同时段逐渐升高但仍明显低于术前(P＜0.05),28 d恢复基线水平(P＞0.05);普伐他汀组术后24 h血脂(TC、TG、LDLC)明显下降分别为(2.2±0.5)mmol/L,(0.70±0.23)mmol/L,(1.2±0.6)mmol/L(P＜0.05),TC以后各时段逐渐升高但仍低于术前(P＜0.05),28 d恢复基线水平(P＞0.05),HDL手术前后变化差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).两组间比较,普伐他汀组TC、TG、LDL-C术后7、10、14、28 d水平低于对照组(P＜0.05).两组HsCRP均术后24 h升高,72 h达峰值,以后逐渐降低,对照组第10天后变化差异无统计学意义[(18 ±14)g/L,P＞0.05],28 d恢复基线水平;普伐他汀组第7天后变化差异无统计学意义[(12±10)g/L,P＞0.05],14 d恢复基线水平.两组间比较,普伐他汀组HsCRP术后各时间段水平均低于对照组(P＜0.05).结论 CCABG术后早期普伐他汀调脂治疗是安全的且能减轻术后体内炎症反应过程.     

化浊降脂汤对高脂血症大鼠降血脂及抗氧化能力的实验研究

目的:通过观察化浊降脂汤对高脂血症大鼠血脂的调节作用以及对血清丙二醛(MDA)活性的影响,阐明化浊降脂汤降低血脂的机理.方法: 健康成年SD大鼠60只,随机分为空白组、模型组、对照组及化浊降脂汤高(24 g/kg)、中(12 g/kg)、低(6 g/kg)剂量组,每组10只.21 d后,取血测其总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)以及血清MDA活性.结果: 与模型组相比, 化浊降脂汤各剂量组大鼠血清TC、TG、LDL-C、MDA含量降低(P<0.05).与对照组相比, 化浊降脂汤高剂量组降低血清TC、TG效果优于对照组(P<0.05).化浊降脂汤高、中剂量组降低血清LDL-C,MDA效果优于对照组(P<0.05).化浊降脂汤各剂量组大鼠血清HDL-C含量与对照组相比差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论: 化浊降脂汤具有调节血脂作用,并可降低血清MDA活力,减少脂质过氧化损伤.     

子痫前期患者血脂水平与凝血功能相关性分析

目的:探讨子痫前期患者血脂水平与凝血功能的相关性。方法:选取35例重度子痫前期患者(重度组)、44例轻度子痫前期患者(轻度组)及40例正常妊娠孕产妇(对照组)作为研究对象,检测所有研究对象血清TG、TC、HDL-C、LDL-C,血浆PT、APTT等指标水平,并进行比较。结果:(1)重度组血清TG、TC、LDL-C水平明显高于轻度组和对照组,血清HDL-C水平明显低于轻度组和对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01);轻度组血清TG、TC、LDL-C水平明显高于对照组,血清HDL-C水平明显低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。(2)重度组血浆PT、APTT明显低于轻度组和对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),轻度组血浆PT、APTT明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。(3)子痫前期患者血清TG、HDL-C与PT、APTT均无明显相关性(P>0.05),血清TC、LDL-C与PT呈明显负相关(P<0.05),与APTT无明显相关性(P>0.05)。结论:子痫前期患者总胆固醇(TC)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)水平与凝血酶原时间(PT)存在明显负相关性。     

无症状体检人员C-反应蛋白及血脂与动脉粥样硬化的关系

目的探讨无症状体检人员C-反应蛋白(CRP)及血脂与动脉粥样硬化之间的关系.方法无症状人员186人分别测其颈总动脉内-中膜厚度(IMT)及血脂.血脂包括总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三脂(TG)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C).结果IMT为(0.987±0.42)mm,CRP(3.98±3.79)mg/L,TC(5.89±0.99)mmol/L,TG(2.38±1.87)mmol/L,HDL-C(1.36±0.87)mmol/L,LDL-C(3.63±0.94)mmol/L.IMT与CRP无显著性相关(P＞0.05),而CRP≥8.0mg/L组与IMT呈显著性正相关(P＜0.05).以CRP为因变量,血脂、血压、年龄等为自变量进行多因素逐步回归分析,CRP、TG与IMT呈显著性正相关(P＜0.05).结论提示无症状人员CRP与TG同时增加并超出正常值上限则有动脉粥样硬化倾向,其严重程度呈正相关.     

瑞舒伐他汀对冠心病患者血清载脂蛋白A5水平的影响

目的 探讨瑞舒伐他汀对冠心病患者载脂蛋白A5(ApoA5)及血脂水平的影响,研究ApoA5与血脂谱之间的关系.方法 将入选153例冠心病住院患者回顾性分为对照组75例与治疗组78例.对照组给予阿司匹林+氯吡格雷+β受体阻滞剂+ ACEI,治疗组在对照组治疗基础上加用瑞舒伐他汀10 mg/天治疗8周,分别检测两组患者治疗前后血清ApoA5及甘油三酯(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)水平.比较两组治疗前后的ApoA5和血脂水平,并分析ApoA5和血脂的相关性.结果 ApoA5与TG呈负相关(r=-0.268,P＜0.05),与TC、HDL-C和LDL-C无明显相关(P＞0.05).用药后治疗组ApoA5水平(369.6±28.76 ng/mL)明显高于对照组(195.83±20.10 ng/mL),差异有显著性(P＜0.05).结论 瑞舒伐他汀能显著升高冠心痛患者血清ApoA5水平,降低血清甘油三酯水平.     

1076例健康成年人T-Cho、TG、HDL-C、LDL-C 正常值调查

目的 了解健康成年人血清胆固醇(T-Cho)、甘油三酯(TG)、高密度脂蛋白(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL-C)的正常值范围.方法 应用酶-终点比色法检测1076例健康成年人不同年龄段两个工作环境中的血脂测定值. 结果工厂健康成年人正常值范围分别为T-Cho(4.72±1.06mmol/L)、TG(1.73±1.05mmol/L)、HDL-C(1.48±0.42mmol/L)、LDL-C(2.87±1.10mmol/L),机关办公室健康成年人正常值范围分别为T-Cho(5.64±1.12mmol/L)、TG(1.46±0.87mmol/L)、HDL-C(1.51±0.27mmol/L)、LDL-L(3.48±0.87mmol/ L).结论 从测得的工厂与机关办公室血脂正常值范围看,机关办公室的人群比工厂的要高;但从统计学上看测定值除T-Cho差异较大外(P ＜0.01),其他值无太大差异(P >0.05).     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.