心脏再同步治疗慢性心力衰竭的临床疗效

目的观察心脏再同步治疗慢性心力衰竭的临床疗效。方法36例慢性心力衰竭合并室内传导阻滞的患者行双心室再同步起搏治疗。全部患者均经冠状静脉窦植入左心室导线至心脏静脉。治疗后随访12个月,观察心功能,6min步行距离,QRS波宽度,心室间运动延迟,左心室收缩、舒张末内径,左心室射血分数,二尖瓣反流面积。结果31例治疗后心功能改善,有效率86．1％（31／36）。心功能从Ⅲ～Ⅳ级（纽约心脏协会心功能分级）改善为Ⅱ～Ⅲ级;6min步行距离从（362±153）m提高至（528_＋165）m,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）;QRS波从（164．74±33．76）ms缩短至（129．45±42．27）ms,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）;心室间运动延迟时间从（65．19±21．50）ms缩短至（33．25±13．62）ms,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）;左心室舒张末内径从（66．52±10．23）mm缩小至（60．63±9．97）mm（P〈0．05）,左心室收缩末内径从（55．73±10．62）mm缩小至（47．45±11．35）mm,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）;左心室射血分数从30．35％±4．69％提高至42．27％±8．40％,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）;二尖瓣反流面积从（7．52±3．62）cm2减少至（4．33±2．07）cm2,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。结论心脏再同步治疗是治疗慢性心力衰竭的有效方法,能使心脏活动再同步化,改善心功能。     

心脏再同步化治疗慢性心力衰竭的临床疗效

目的观察心脏再同步化治疗对慢性心力衰竭患者改善心功能和逆转左心室重构的作用。方法11例慢性心力衰竭患者接受心脏再同步化治疗,心功能NYHA分级Ⅲ～Ⅳ级,左室射血分数≤35%,伴QRS波时限≥130ms。随访1～36个月,观察和分析术前、术后相关参数的基准水平及参数基准水平的变量。结果心脏再同步化治疗后1～36个月,左心室射血分数、左心室短轴缩短率增加,左心室舒张末内径、二尖瓣返流、QRS波时限减少,NYHA分级提高到Ⅰ～Ⅱ级,6min步行距离明显增加。结论对于心功能NYHA分级Ⅲ级或Ⅳ级伴有室内传导阻滞的心力衰竭患者,心脏再同步化治疗能逆转左心室重构,改善心功能。     

心脏再同步治疗的随访及疗效观察

目的探讨心脏再同步化起搏治疗（CRT）的长期疗效以及随访相关技术细节。方法15例慢性心力衰竭患者,男性13例,女性2例,平均年龄72．25岁,其中扩张性心肌病8例、缺血性心肌病5例、高血压性心脏病2例。按常规方法置入CRT后对起搏系统参数进行优化,观察长期疗效。结果随访12个月,经过双心室起搏辅以优化的起搏参数及药物治疗,左心室射血分数从29％提高至42％,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）;左心室舒张末内径从65．8mm缩小至59．6mm,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）;QRS波从144ms缩短至124ms,差异有统计学意义（P〈O．01）;心衰临床症状减轻,心功能改善,运动耐量增加,生活质量提高,心脏重塑进程延缓,因而心衰住院事件减少。结论CRT能够使心衰患者临床症状减轻,心功能改善,生活质量提高,心脏重塑进程延缓。随访优化起搏参数和药物治疗对提高疗效是十分重要的。     

心脏再同步化对窄QRS波群慢性心力衰竭患者的疗效观察

目的 观察心脏再同步化治疗对窄QRS波群慢性心力衰竭患者的临床疗效. 方法 对5例QRS时间<120ms的慢性心力衰竭患者行双心室再同步起搏治疗.术后随访(15.6±12.1)个月,观察心功能、活动耐量、夜间心率、心率变异性(SDNN)和左心室射血分数;组织多普勒检测左心室内各心室壁收缩期达峰时间标准差(Ts-SD);三维超声心动描记术检测左心室16、12、6节段达最小容积点时间的标准差(Tmsv-Dis)和最大时间差(Tmsv-Dif). 结果 治疗后心功能NYHA分级从Ⅲ、Ⅳ级改善为Ⅱ、Ⅲ级,活动度从(0.03±0.05)h/d增加至(2.93±1.10)h/d,夜间心率由(85.0±3.6)次/min降低至(62.3±2.5)次/min,SDNN从(48.3±7.6)ms升至(116.7±5.8)ms,左心室射血分数从(21.2±4.5)%提高至(34.7±5.1)%(P<0.05). Ts-SD,Tmsv-Dis及Tmsv-Dif均有明显减低(P<0.05). 结论 窄QRS波群慢性心力衰竭患者可接受心脏再同步化治疗,术前应用超声心动描记术及组织多普勒等评价患者心室运动的失同步是很必要的.     

心脏再同步化治疗慢性心力衰竭疗效观察

目的观察心脏再同步化治疗（CRT）慢性心力衰竭（CHF）的临床疗效。方法 20例CHF患者行CRT,术后随访（10.50±1.12）个月,观察心功能、QRS波时限、左室射血分数（LVEF）及相关心功能超声指标。结果 20例患者治疗后心功能均有明显改善,心功能NYHA分级由（3.30±0.48）级改善为（2.30±0.48）级,QRS波时限从（173.00±40.01）m s缩短至（145.00±15.81）ms,LVEF从（25±5）%提高至（33±7）%;以上观察指标治疗前后比较差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.05或〈0.01）。结论 CRT是治疗CHF的有效方法。     

心脏再同步化治疗患者双室同步起搏与左心室内同步化的相关性

目的 探讨心脏再同步化治疗(CRT)患者双室同步起搏与左心室内同步化的相关性。方法 行CRT患者128例，按术后心电图特点分为双室同步起搏组(78例)和双室非同步起搏组（50例）。随访1年，多普勒超声心动图观察测定Ts-SD、Te-SD在不同组中的变化差异，评价左心室内同步化的变化。结果 ①双室同步起搏组植入前较植入后Ts-SD〔(45±9) ms vs.(33±7) ms,P<0.05〕、Te-SD〔(41±8) ms vs.(31±8) ms,P<0.05〕有统计学意义；②单因素方差分析示Ts-SD、Te-SD、LVESV比较有统计学意义（P<0.05）；③多因素分析示双室同步起搏与Ts-SD(B=-0.052,P=0.000)、Te-SD(B=-0.032，P=0.032）呈线性相关；④双室同步化起搏与Ts-SD行Pearson分析具有相关性（r=-0.933,P=0.000），Ts-SD呈负相关。结论 经CRT治疗双室同步起搏组较双室非同步起搏组术后随访过程中左心室内协调性得到改善更加显著。     

慢性心力衰竭合并持续性心房颤动患者心脏再同步治疗术后房室结消融及药物控制心室率疗效观察

目的观察慢性心力衰竭合并持续性心房颤动（房颤）患者心脏再同步治疗（CRT）的疗效,比较房室结消融术及药物控制心室率两种方法疗效的差异。方法慢性心力衰竭合并持续性房颤患者,符合CRT植入适应证并接受CRT或心脏再同步治疗除颤器（CRT—D）植入术,术后随机分为两组,房室结消融组以及药物治疗组,术后随访观察患者临床症状及心功能改善等情况,比较两组的疗效。结果共人选了26例患者,其中房室结消融组14例,药物控制组12例。术前两组患者间心功能,左心室舒张末期内径（LVEDD）,左心室射血分数（LVEF）及用药等基本情况差异无统计学意义。CRT术后随访结果,房室结消融组双心室起搏比例100％,药物治疗组双心室起搏比例72．0％±9．7％。与药物治疗组相比,房室结消融组LVEDD略有缩小[（61．0±6．9）mm对（62．0±7．8）mm],但差异无统计学意义（P=0．08）,LVEF改善明显（0．41±0．06对0．35±0．04）,差异有统计学意义（P=0．04）,提示房室结消融组疗效更佳。结论对慢性心力衰竭合并持续性房颤患者,CRT可以改善患者心功能,CRT术后行房室结消融可以提高有效的双心室起搏比例,进一步提高CRT疗效。     

右心室间隔部起搏在心脏再同步化治疗中的应用观察

目的:探讨优化右心室起搏部位对心脏再同步化治疗疗效的影响。方法:5例扩张性心脏病患者,男性3例,女性2例,平均心力衰竭病史(4.1±09)年,平均左心室射血分数(LVEF)31.5%±11%,平均左心室舒张末直径(LVEDD):(63.2±16.5)mm,QRS宽度:(143±32)ms。所有患者均符合(CRT)植入Ⅰ类适应证。左心室起搏导线根据心脏静脉分布尽可能置于心源性休克(CS)左心室侧枝或后侧枝,右心室起搏导线置于右心室流出道间隔部。术后观察起搏QRS波图形,LVEF变化及随访观察患者纽约心脏病协会心脏分级(NYHA)心功能,生活质量及心脏重塑变化。结果:5例患者均成功植入CRT,其中     

心脏再同步治疗对慢性心力衰竭的临床疗效观察

目的观察心脏再同步治疗（CRT）对慢性心力衰竭的长期临床疗效。方法24例接受CRT的慢性心力衰竭患者,心功能Ⅲ～Ⅳ级（NYHA分级）,左心室射血分数（LVEF）≤0．35,左心室舒张末内径（LVEDD）／〉55mm,QRS时限≥120／TIS。植入前超声心动图及组织多普勒检查以评价心功能及心脏收缩不同步指标,并指导左心室电极导线的植入。植入后3、6个月及随后的每6个月进行随访,随访内容包括临床症状、心电图、LVEDD、LVEF及多普勒超声评价心脏收缩同步性指标。结果随访时间（12．0±4．6）个月,结果显示患者临床症状明显改善,QRS时限植入后较植入前缩短[（137．50±38．96）ms对（144．60±45．78）ms,P=0．67],但差异无统计学意义。植人后LVEDD较植入前明显缩小[（6．24±0．89）cm对（6．78±0．42）cm,P=0．03];LVEF则明显提高（0．36±0．09对0．31±0．03,P〈0．01）,左心房内径（LAD）也较术前明显缩小[（4．22±8．43）cm对（5．32±7．63）cm,P=0．01]。心脏收缩不同步指标与植入前相比也明显改善。结论对慢性心力衰竭的患者,CRT治疗可改善左心室功能,逆转左心室重构。     

心脏再同步化治疗充血性心力衰竭的临床分析

目的:观察心脏再同步化治疗(CRT)脉冲起搏器对充血性心力衰竭患者的临床疗效。方法:选择10例心功能NYHAⅢ～Ⅳ级、起搏前心电图QRS平均时限≥140ms患者,植入CRT起搏器。应用超声心动图测定CRT起搏器植入前和术后1年后左心功能变化。结果:植入CRT起搏器后,NYHA分级、6min步行距离明显改善,左心室射血分数和舒张充盈增加,心电图QRS时限缩短。结论:心脏再同步化治疗充血性心力衰竭疗效明显。     

脑利钠肽对心力衰竭远期心脏事件的预测价值

目的:研究血浆脑利钠肽(BNP)对慢性心力衰竭(心衰)患者远期心脏事件的预测价值.方法:入选134例心衰患者,双抗体夹心免疫荧光法测定血浆BNP浓度,记录发生的心脏事件.结果:134例中随访资料完整130例,随访时间平均(708±220)d.130例中发生心脏事件者44例(心脏事件组),未发生心脏事件者86例(非心脏事件组),心脏事件组左室舒张末期内径、心胸比率、BNP均较非心脏事件组显著升高(均P<0.01).多元logistic回归分析显示,BNP为心衰患者远期心脏事件独立的预测因子.BNP预测心源性死亡ROC曲线下面积为0.846.BNP取值702.5 ng/L预测心源性死亡的敏感度和特异度达最高.血浆BNP≤702.5 ng/L患者生存率高于BNP>702.5 ng/L者(P<0.05). 结论:BNP是影响慢性心衰患者远期心脏事件的独立预测因素.     

Atrial fibrillation burden during the post-implant period after crt using device-based diagnostics

AF Burden After CRT Implantation. AIMS: Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) is increasingly used in congestive heart failure (CHF) patients (with cardiac dyssynchrony). In addition to delivering therapy, CRT devices offer a variety of diagnostic tools for continuous long-term monitoring of clinically relevant information (i.e., occurrence and duration of arrhythmia episodes). METHODS AND RESULTS: Eighty-four patients with drug-refractory CHF in NYHA-class II-IV received a CRT device. The response to CRT was assessed by determining NYHA class at baseline and at 3 months follow-up. Atrial fibrillation (AF) burden (defined as time of AF per day) was continuously measured by the device. A significant gradual reduction of AF burden (from 9.88 +/- 12.61 to 4.20 +/- 9.24 [hours/day]) and number of patients experiencing AF episodes (from 26 to 13) were observed during CRT. CONCLUSIONS: (1) Diagnostic features for long-term monitoring of physiological variables provide useful information on the state and course of AF and may improve disease management. (2) AF burden reduces over time during the first 3 months after CRT implantation.     

心力衰竭患者标准药物治疗和心脏再同步化治疗结果分析

目的根据心脏再同步化用于心力衰竭(CARE-HF)研究结果 ,结合我国目前国情,探讨心力衰竭患者标准药物治疗和心脏再同步化治疗(CRT)联合有除颤功能的心脏再同步化治疗(CRTD)的长期结果。方法选择1999年12月至2008年4月行CRT、CRTD治疗的患者68例,为CRT/CRTD治疗组。选择同期常规药物治疗心力衰竭患者84例为对照组。所有入选患者,均需根据患者病情需要给予相应的药物治疗。结果 CRT/CRTD组患者生活质量较常规药物治疗组明显改善,但最终存活率差异无统计学意义[76.5%(52/68)比73.8%(62/84),P>0.05]。但CRT/CRTD组中死于充血性心力衰竭的患者显著少于常规药物治疗组[8.8%(6/68)比19.0%(16/84),P<0.05]。结论 CRT不能降低充血性心力衰竭患者的总体病死率,但在严重的充血性心力衰竭患者中,同时具备CRT和埋藏式心脏复律除颤器(ICD)的CRTD治疗可能成为最佳治疗方案。     

具有一键优化功能的起搏器心脏再同步化治疗慢性心力衰竭的临床观察

目的:观察具有一键优化功能的起搏器心脏再同步化(CRT)治疗慢性心力衰竭(CHF)的临床疗效.方法:16例CHF患者接受起搏器CRT治疗,并分别于植入起搏器术后1周、3个月、6个月、12个月行一键优化,同时行超声心动图及组织多普勒检查.评价具有一键优化功能的起搏器CRT治疗的临床疗效.结果:最佳一键优化AV间期在110-180(159.33±19.50)ms之间,最佳VV间期在0～28(15.73 ±7.55)ms之间.16例患者一键优化起搏器植入术后1周、3个月、6个月、12个月行一键优化后QRS时限、室间隔和左心室后壁收缩时间差(SPWMD)、左心室射血前时间与右心室射血前时间差值(TQ-AV-TQ-PV)、二尖瓣反流面积、左心室舒张末内径(植入术后1周除外)、血浆脑钠素均较植入前降低,并且术后随时间延长逐渐降低,差异均有统计学意义(P均<0.05);主动脉前向血流速度时间积分(VTI)、左心室射血分数、6分钟步行距离均较植入前增加,并且术后随时间延长逐渐增加(血浆脑钠素植入术后12个月与6个月比较除外),差异均有统计学意义(P均<0.05).结论:具有一键优化功能的起搏器CRT治疗能改善CHF患者的血流动力学、临床症状,提高其疗效.     

Cardiac resynchronization therapy in patients with heart failure and conduction abnormalities other than left bundle-branch block: analysis of the Multicenter InSync Randomized Clinical Evaluation (MIRACLE)

BACKGROUND: Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) has been proposed as a treatment for patients with congestive heart failure (CHF) and prolonged QRS durations. Previous studies have predominantly included patients with left bundle-branch block (LBBB). The Multicenter InSync Randomized Clinical Evaluation (MIRACLE) investigators assessed the efficacy of CRT in patients with CHF with QRS durations > or = 130 ms and found that CRT lead to improvement in several measures of functional capacity and exercise tolerance. HYPOTHESIS: We designed this retrospective study to determine whether patients with CHF who have conduction abnormalities other than LBBB also respond favorably to CRT. METHODS: We divided patients enrolled in the MIRACLE trial into three subgroups according to conduction abnormality--LBBB, right bundle-branch block (RBBB), and nonspecific interventricular conduction delay (IVCD)--and compared the response among and within these groups to CRT or no CRT at baseline and 6-months' follow-up. RESULTS: We found 313 patients with LBBB, 43 with RBBB, and 35 with IVCD. When they received CRT, significant improvement was achieved in functional class (p = 0.001) by patients with RBBB, and in quality of life (p = 0.038) by patients with IVCD. Patients in the RBBB and IVCD groups showed improvement in exercise time and peak oxygen consumption after CRT. Most patients with RBBB (82%) also had either left anterior fascicular block or left posterior fascicular block. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with CHF with RBBB and IVCD do benefit from CRT. Improvement with CRT in patients with RBBB may be due to concomitant left-sided conduction abnormalities. Further subgroup analyses of other CRT trials are necessary to validate these results.     

Physiological approach to monitor patients in congestive heart failure: application of a new implantable device-based system to monitor daily life activity and ventilation.

AIMS: We examine an expert system designed to permanently monitor patients with congestive heart failure (CHF) using data of a dual-sensor pacemaker and to allow warning of significant changes in physiological indices. METHODS AND RESULTS: This study included 67 implanted patients divided into two groups: a control group without history of CHF (n = 19) who had received DDDR pacemakers (DDD group) and a test group (n = 48) who had received cardiac resynchronization therapy systems (CRT group) for severe CHF (NYHA III or IV, LVEF <40%). The embedded monitoring system measures minute ventilation (MV) and activity (ACT) at rest and at exercise. All devices collect data, and all adverse medical events were recorded. Data are stored daily for up to 3 months. The mean ACT was similar for both groups. Mean rest and exercise MV were significantly higher in CRT group. On 195 periods of 1-month follow-up in the CRT group, 31 events were suspected, 22 were true positive, 9 were false-positive, and 3 clinical adverse events were not predicted (sensitivity: 88%, specificity: 94.7%, positive predictive value: 71%, negative predictive value: 98.2%) CONCLUSION: A new diagnostic expert system that holds promise for the long-term ambulatory monitoring of CHF was developed.     

Cardiac resynchronisation therapy: an option for inotrope‐supported patients with end‐stage heart failure?

BACKGROUND: Patients with refractory heart failure requiring inotropic support have a very poor prognosis. Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) offers symptomatic and possibly a survival benefit for patients with stable chronic heart failure (CHF) and a prolonged QRS, but its role in the management of end-stage heart failure requiring inotropic support has not been evaluated. METHODS: We performed a retrospective observational study of patients undergoing CRT at our institution. RESULTS: We identified 10 patients who required inotropic support for refractory CHF and who underwent CRT while on intravenous inotropic agents. Patients had been in hospital for 30+/-29 days and had received inotropic support for 11+/-6 days prior to CRT. All patients were weaned from inotropic support (2+/-2 days post-CRT) and all patients survived to hospital discharge (12+/-13 days post-CRT). Furosemide dose fell from 160+/-38 mg on admission to 108+/-53 mg on discharge (p<0.01). Serum creatinine fell from 192+/-34 micromol/l prior to CRT to 160+/-37 micromol/l on discharge (p<0.05). Serum sodium was 131+/-4 mmol/l prior to CRT and remained low at 132+/-5 mmol/l on discharge. At short-term follow up (mean 47 days), all patients were alive; mean furosemide dose was 130+/-53 mg (p=0.056 versus pre-CRT). Serum creatinine was 157+/-36 micromol/l and serum sodium had increased to 138+/-6 mmol/l (p<0.05 and p<0.01, respectively, versus pre-CRT). CONCLUSION: CRT may offer a new therapeutic option for inotrope-supported CHF patients with a prolonged QRS.     

心脏再同步化加药物控制心室率治疗慢性心力衰竭伴持续性心房颤动的疗效

目的 探讨心脏再同步化（CRT）加药物控制心室率治疗慢性心力衰竭（简称心衰）伴持续性心房颤动（房颤）的疗效,分析该类患者对CRT产生反应的关键原因。方法 选择26例心衰合并房颤的患者接受最佳药物及CRT手术治疗。 CRT加药物控制心室率16例（药物组）,CRT加房室结消融10例（消融组）。随访1. 2±0. 2年后观察药物组临床参数（NYHA心功能分级,6 min步行距离）,QRS波及超声心动图参数[左室射血分数（LVEF）、左室舒张末期内径（LVEDD）]的变化。结果 药物组治疗后心功能分级降低（2. 0±0. 1 vs 3. 0±0. 2级）,6 min步行距离增加（418. 9±81. 3 m vs 311. 5±65. 2 m）,QRS波时限缩短（138. 1±5. 6 ms vs 169. 6±4. 4 ms）及LVEF增加（0. 40±0. 01 vs 0. 23±0. 01）、LVEDD减少（61. 9±1. 6 mm vs 69. 0±1. 2 mm）,药物组起搏比例为0. 90±0. 04。其疗效与消融组无差异。结论 对于心衰伴房颤患者,CRT加药物控制心室率与加房室结消融一样有效。该类患者对CRT产生反应的关键原因是药物良好的控制心室率及较高的双心室起搏比例。     

心脏再同步治疗慢性心力衰竭患者细胞因子浓度变化及其与左室射血分数的关系

目的探讨心脏再同步治疗（CRT）1个月、3个月对慢性心力衰竭患者血清细胞因子水平的影响及其与左室射血分数（LVEF）的关系。方法入选心功能Ⅲ～Ⅳ级的患者30例,分为CRT组15例,对照组15例。两组于治疗前、治疗后1个月及3个月分别测定肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）和白细胞介素-6（IL-6）浓度,超声测量LVEF。结果CRT组治疗3个月后TNF-α、IL-6浓度与治疗前相比明显下降。治疗后1个月及3个月,CRT组LVEF均较治疗前明显改善。细胞因子（TNF-α、IL-6）浓度与LVEF呈显著负相关。结论CRT治疗3个月后心功能改善的同时细胞因子浓度降低,提示血清TNF-α、IL-6浓度可作为慢性心力衰竭患者心功能的预测指标。     

术前心电图表现预测慢性心衰患者心脏再同步化治疗效果的临床价值

目的 探讨术前心电图表现对慢性心衰（Chronic heart failure,CHF）患者心脏再同步化治疗（Cardiac resynchronization therapy,CRT）疗效的预测价值。方法 纳入我院2015年10月～2017年10月收治的慢性心衰患者80例,所有患者均接受CRT治疗,根据治疗效果分成有效组、无效组。其中有效指术后6个月患者心功能（NYHA分级）改善≥1级,或超声心动图提示左室收缩末容积（end-systolic volume,ESV）下降>15%,或左室射血分数（Left ventricular ejection fraction,LVEF）绝对值上升>5%,未达上述标准及死亡均视为无效。所有纳入者均在术前接受心电图检查,比较两组临床特征,包括性别、年龄、病程、体质指数、基础病因、心功能分级、房颤、高血压、冠脉问题、糖尿病、术前心电图指标（心率、Tp-Te间期、QRS波时限）。通过绘制ROC曲线模型分析术前心电图指标对CRT治疗无效的预测价值,采用Logistic回归性分析明确CRT治疗无效的独立危险因素。结果 在术后6个月,有23例CHF患者CRT治疗无效,占28.75%,57例有效,占71.25%。无效组病程≥3年、NYHAⅣ级、有房颤、有冠脉问题占比分别为78.26%、47.83%、52.17%、47.83%,较有效组的49.12%、10.53%、12.28%、10.53%更高,且无效组心率、Tp-Te间期、QRS波时限均高于有效组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。经ROC曲线模型提示心率、Tp-Te间期、QRS波时限预测CHF患者CRT治疗无效的曲线下面积分别为0.710、0.764、0.742。经Logistic回归性分析提示病程、NYHA分级、房颤、冠脉问题以及心率、Tp-Te间期、QRS波时限是CHF患者CRT治疗无效的独立危险因素（P<0.05）。结论 术前心电图检查能明确CHF患者心率、Tp-Te间期以及QRS波时限,三者对CRT治疗效果具有一定预测价值,且均为CRT无效的危险因素。