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肾上腺外嗜铬细胞瘤的诊断和治疗32例报告 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
目的探讨肾上腺外嗜铬细胞瘤的诊断和治疗。方法对32例肾上腺外嗜铬细胞瘤患者资料进行回顾性分析,肿瘤位于腹膜后主动脉旁26例,位于膀胱6例。有典型儿茶酚胺症临床表现者29例,24h尿尿香草基杏仁酸(VMA)阳性率为70.8%,CT及MRI定位诊断率分别为96%及83.3%。膀胱嗜铬细胞瘤均经膀胱镜获定位诊断。结果 32例均经开放手术切除肿瘤。全组均经病理证实。无手术死亡病例。结论肾上腺外嗜铬细胞瘤主要依据临床表现、生化定性检查及影像学定位检查明确诊断。术中应重视预防及正确处理手术并发症。长期严密的临床随访是诊断恶性嗜铬细胞瘤的重要依据。 相似文献
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肾上腺外嗜铬细胞瘤的诊断和治疗 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
孔垂泽 《现代泌尿外科杂志》2006,11(4):187-191
广义的嗜铬细胞瘤(pheochromocytoma,PHOE)是指发生在副神经节嗜铬细胞的产生儿茶酚胺(catecholamine,CA)的神经内分泌肿瘤,但是一般只有起源于肾上腺髓质的副神经节肿瘤被称为PHOE,而起源于肾上腺外的副神经节肿瘤被称为副神经节瘤或肾上腺外PHOEE。 相似文献
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目的 探讨肾上腺外嗜铬细胞瘤(EAP)的诊断和治疗经验.方法 回顾性分析2003年4月至2010年4月收治的37例EAP患者的资料.临床表现为高血压31例,典型的头痛、心悸、多汗"三联征"12例.血浆游离变肾上腺素类物质(MNs)和24 h尿儿茶酚胺(CA)定性诊断的阳性率分别为96.8%(30/31)和86.5%(32/37).超声、CT、MRI和131I-间碘苄胍扫描(131I-MIBG)定位诊断的准确率分别为91.7%(33/36)、97.0%(32/33)、90.0%(9/10)和82.6%(19/23).35例行手术治疗,2例行放射治疗.结果 单发肿瘤32例,其中腹主动脉旁14例、膀胱内7例、下腔静脉旁4例、肾门附近4例、髂血管旁2例、肾上极1例;多发肿瘤5例.完整切除肿瘤30例,行肿瘤切除+右肾切除3例,行膀胱部分切除2例.病理诊断良性24例,恶性11例.术前31例高血压患者中,术后23例血压恢复正常,6例血压降低但仍高于正常,2例血压无明显变化.术后34例随访5个月~7年,肿瘤复发5例,死亡5例.结论 EAP少见,血浆游离MNs和24 h尿CA是重要的定性诊断方法.定位诊断较困难,超声、CT、MRI和131I-MIBG是重要的定位诊断方法.经腹途径切除肿瘤是首选的治疗方法,充分术前准备,术中避免过度挤压肿瘤.对于恶性者术后可辅以131I-MIBG治疗.Abstract: Objective To investigate the diagnosis and treatment of extra-adrenal pheochromocytoma(EAP). Methods The clinicsl data of 37 cases of EAP from April 2003 to April 2010 were retrospectively analyzed.Hypertension was observed in 31 cases.The typical triad of headache,palpitation and sweating was observed in 12 cases.The positive rate of plasma-free MNs and 24-hour urinary CA in diagnosing EAP was 96.8%(30/31) and 86.5% (32/37) respectively.The main localization diagnosis included ultrasonography,CT,MRI and 131I-MIBG,with positive rates of 91.7% (33/36),97.0%(32/33),90%(9/10) and 82.6%(19/23) respectively.Two patients underwent radiotherapy, and the remaining 35 cases underwent surgical treatment. Results Among the total of 37 cases,32 cases were single tumor,and five were multiple tumors.The anatomic locations of the single tumors were as follows: 14 wre adjacent to the abdominal aorta,seven in the bladder,four adjacent to the inferior vena cava,four adjacent to the renal hilum,two adjacent to the lilac blood vessel and one in the upper pole of the right kidney.Thirty cases underwent complete tumor resection,three cases underwent tumor resection plus right nephrectomy and two cases underwent partial cystectomy.Twenty-four cases were diagnosed benign and 11 cases were diagnosed malignant by pathological examination.Among 31 cases with preoperative hypertension,postoperative blood pressure returned to normal in 23 patients,blood pressure descended mildly in six cases and blood pressure was still hypertensive in two cases.Thirty-four patients were followed up for five months to seven years,during which five cases had tumor recurrence or metastases and five cases died postoperatively. Conclusions EAP is a rare neuroendocrine tumor and its accurate diagnosis is rather difficult.Plasma-free MNs and 24-hour urinary CA are important qualitative examinations.Ultrasonography,CT,MRI and 131I-MIBG scintigraphy are important methods for the localization of the tumor.Transperitoneal resection of the tumor is the preferred choice of management and adequate perioperative preparation is the key to a successful operation,including bringing down blood pressure,expanding blood volume and correcting arrhythmia.Patients with malignant EAP may be treated with 131I-MIBG after surgical therapy. 相似文献
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目的 总结肾上腺外嗜铬细胞瘤的诊治经验.方法回顾性分析34例肾上腺外嗜铬细胞瘤患者的临床资料.就诊原因:高血压27例,血压170~230/110~155 mm Hg(1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa),病程3个月~15年;腹部疼痛10例,病程5个月~6年;间歇性肉眼血尿2例,病程1周和3个月.34例实验室检查,血、尿儿茶酚胺升高20例,尿3-甲氧-4-羟苦杏仁酸升高24例.B超检查34例,肿瘤准确定位31例,阳性率91.2%.CT扫描25例,24例准确定位,阳性率96.0%.MRI检查6例,均准确定位.15例经腹、3例经耻骨上、16例经腰手术,其中32例完整切除肿瘤,1例行包膜下摘除术,1例行术中活检.结果 肿瘤位于肾门旁12例、左肾下极2例、下腔静脉后方1例、腹主动脉和下腔静脉之间3例、腹主动脉前方肠系膜根部2例、右髂总动脉前方1例、肝门部1例、胰腺后方1例、膀胱内2例、降结肠旁1例、多发肿瘤8例(2~3枚).良性嗜铬细胞瘤22例,恶性12例.恶性嗜铬细胞瘤患者中肿瘤单发7例,多发5例.手术切除瘤体直径2~15 cm.术后30例随访6个月~13年.术前27例有高血压症状者,22例血压于术后3 d~6个月恢复正常,5例仍有高血压者中3例舒张压恢复正常,收缩压波动于150~170 mm Hg;2例血压较术前稍有下降.1例膀胱良性嗜铬细胞瘤患者术后6个月肿瘤复发,行膀胱全切.12例恶性嗜铬细胞瘤患者中9例获随访,术后1年内均复发、转移,其中2例为术中未能完整切除肿瘤者,6例术后6个月~3年内死亡,其中3例死于脑溢血,3例死于肿瘤广泛转移;3例经131Ⅰ-间位碘代苄胍(MIBG)治疗后病情稳定,荷瘤生存.结论 肾上腺外嗜铬细胞瘤定位较为困难,易漏诊,CT扫描定位准确可靠.手术切除肿瘤是最佳治疗方法.恶性肾上腺外嗜铬细胞瘤术后可给予131Ⅰ-MIBG治疗. 相似文献
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嗜铬细胞瘤(pheochroraocytoma,PHEO)是起源于嗜铬细胞的能产生儿茶酚胺(catecholamine,CA)的肿瘤。大多数位于肾上腺髓质,9%-23%的病例来源于肾上腺外的副神经节系统。肾上腺外PHEO最常见于20-40岁的成年人,没有显著的性别差异。最常见的发生部位是上主动脉旁区(膈肌和肾下极之间),约占46%,尤其是在肾门和肾门周围更加常 相似文献
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嗜铬细胞瘤主要发生在肾上腺髓质 ,其中肾上腺外嗜铬细胞瘤约占 10 %~ 15 %。近年来 ,随着诊断技术的改善 ,嗜铬细胞瘤的检出率明显增高。我院自1996~ 2 0 0 0年共收治肾上腺外嗜铬细胞瘤 18例 ,现将其诊断和治疗体会报告如下。一、临床资料1.临床表现 :本组 18例患者 ,男 8例 ,女 10例 ;年龄 12~ 6 0岁 ,平均 34岁。病程 2个月~ 8年。肿瘤位于腹主动脉旁 6例 ,肾门 5例 (左侧 3例 ,右侧 2例 ) ,膈下 4例 (左侧 3例 ,右侧 1例 ) ,膀胱 3例 ,盆腔 1例。 18例患者均有高血压症状 ,血压波动范围 180~ 2 35 12 0~16 2mmHg ,伴随头晕… 相似文献
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肾上腺外嗜铬细胞瘤诊治进展 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
肾上腺外嗜铬细胞瘤来源于肾上腺外嗜铬组织或副神经节系统,与来源于肾上腺的嗜铬细胞瘤相比,其恶性倾向更高,且由于肾上腺外嗜铬细胞瘤位置多变,其诊断与治疗难于肾上腺嗜铬细胞瘤。本文综述了近年该病在内分泌检查、定位诊断、治疗、基因检测等方面的研究进展。 相似文献
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Laparoscopic management of extra-adrenal pheochromocytoma 总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10
Hwang J Shoaf G Uchio EM Watson J Pacak K Linehan WM Walther MM 《The Journal of urology》2004,171(1):72-76
PURPOSE: Laparoscopic management of extra-adrenal pheochromocytoma presents a unique surgical challenge due to variable anatomical presentation and potential catecholamine surge during operative manipulation. We report our experience with laparoscopic removal of extra-adrenal pheochromocytomas. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between 1999 and 2002, 5 patients presented with retroperitoneal extra-adrenal pheochromocytomas. Of the patients 2 had a history of von Hippel-Lindau disease, and the remaining 3 patients were diagnosed with sporadic extra-adrenal pheochromocytoma during hypertension evaluation. Although 4 patients had a history of hypertension, only 2 reported symptoms (episodic flushing, headaches, blurred vision) associated with excess catecholamine production. All patients had markedly increased preoperative urinary and plasma normetanephrine and/or norepinephrine levels, and 3 had positive I131 metaiodobenzylguanidine scan. In each case tumor was accurately identified on computerized tomography before surgery. RESULTS: Laparoscopic resection of extra-adrenal pheochromocytoma was successful in 4 patients. Open conversion was required in 1 patient, who also had von Hippel-Lindau related bilateral adrenal pheochromocytomas due to significant adhesion of the extra-adrenal tumor to the aorta and renal hilum, and a concern for possible local invasion. Mean laparoscopic operative time and blood loss were 273 minutes (range 240 to 350) and 119 cc (range 75 to 200), respectively. Three 10 mm ports in a standard triangular fashion were used for the left side tumors, in which the tumors were found lateral to the aorta. For the right side tumors located either in the inter-aortacaval or para-caval region, a fourth port (10 mm) was inserted for liver retraction as needed. Laparoscopic ultrasound was used to localize the tumor and to assess the retroperitoneum for possible metastasis (none detected) in 3 cases. None of the patients had a hypertensive crisis intraoperatively, and all had unremarkable postoperative recovery with an average hospital stay of 3.8 days (range 3 to 4). Plasma and/or urinary norepinephrine and normetanephrine levels returned to normal range postoperatively in all cases. One patient was noted to have left lower extremity lymphedema and gluteal hematoma due to a positional injury related to prolonged pressure from the operating table and was treated conservatively. There has been no tumor recurrence at a median followup of 14 months (range 9 to 36). CONCLUSIONS: With careful surgical planning and appropriate preoperative pharmacological blockade, laparoscopic surgery can be safely performed in patients with extra-adrenal pheochromocytomas with minimal morbidity. Laparoscopic ultrasound may be helpful in precise localization and evaluation of tumor extension. 相似文献
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目的总结恶性嗜铬细胞瘤的诊治经验。方法回顾性分析2003年4月至2011年1月诊治的29例恶性嗜铬细胞瘤患者的临床资料。高血压26例(89.7%),血浆游离肾上腺素类物质(MNs)和24h尿儿茶酚胺(CA)升高者分别为92.3%(24/26)和86.2%(25/29)。B超、CT、MRI和^131I-间碘苄胍扫描(^131I-MIBG)定位准确率分别为86.2%(25/29)、96.6%(28/29)、88.9%(8/9)和81.2%(18/22),拟诊恶性者分别为24.1%(7/29)、55.2%(16/29)、44.4%(4/9)和40.9%(9/22)。1例行放射治疗,27例行开放手术,1例行后腹腔镜手术。结果29例患者位于肾上腺17例(58.6%),肾上腺外12例(41.4%)。首次手术根据肿瘤结构破坏、浸润生长及淋巴结转移确诊恶性13例(44.8%)。病理检查28例,确诊恶性23例(82.1%)。术后随访24例,时间4个月~8年,肿瘤复发11例,其中9例行2次或多次手术。肺转移4例,肝转移4例,骨转移3例,局部淋巴结转移4例,广泛淋巴结转移2例,2个或多个脏器同时发生转移3例。死亡4例:其余存活至今。结论病理难以区分嗜铬细胞瘤的良恶性,需结合影像学检查、生化检查及术中所见。根治性肿瘤切除是治疗恶性嗜铬细胞瘤最有效的方法,肿瘤复发时再次手术仍然有效。长期随访观察肿瘤的转移情况对最终确诊疑似病例和及时治疗尤为重要。 相似文献
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目的探讨膀胱嗜铬细胞瘤的诊断和治疗经验。方法回顾性分析本院2003年4月至2010年4月诊治的7例膀胱嗜铬细胞瘤患者的临床资料。男性3例,女性4例,平均年龄45.3(31~57)岁。高血压者6例,5例在排尿时血压明显增高;间歇性肉眼血尿者3例。血浆游离MNs和24h尿CA定性诊断的阳性率分别为100.0%(7/7)和85.7%(6/7)。定位检查包括B超、CT、MRI、131I-MIBG和膀胱镜,其各自的定位准确率分别为85.7%(6/7)、100.0%(6/6)、66.7%(2/3)、100.0%(5/5)和75.0%(3/4)。1例进行放射治疗,2例实施膀胱部分切除,4例进行肿瘤剜除。结果 7例膀胱嗜铬细胞瘤在膀胱内的位置为:前壁2例、三角区2例、后壁1例、左侧壁1例、右侧壁1例。平均手术时间131.2(110~190)min,平均出血量283(100~1 200)mL。良性者6例,恶性者1例。随访5个月~7年,1例于术后3年复发,2次手术行全膀胱切除术。结论膀胱嗜铬细胞瘤罕见且容易误诊,高血压、血尿、排尿时典型发作为其主要症状;血浆游离MNs和24h尿CA是重要的定性检查方法,B超、CT、MRI、131I-MIBG及膀胱镜是重要的定位诊断方法;膀胱部分切除或肿瘤剜除是首选的治疗方法,术后应长期随访。 相似文献
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肾上腺外嗜铬细胞瘤的诊断与治疗(附18例报告) 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
目的 探讨肾上腺外嗜铬细胞瘤的诊断和治疗方法。方法 回顾性分析18例肾上腺外嗜铬细胞瘤的临床资料。男13例,女5例。平均发病年龄30岁。18例均有不同程度的血压升高,头痛头晕(67%)、心悸多汗(44%)、视物不清(33%)及肉眼血尿(28%)为主要临床症状。尿儿茶酚胺(CA)和(或)3-甲氧4—羟苦杏仁酸(VMA)阳性者16例,阳性率89%。经B超、CT、MRI及膀胱镜等检查,肿瘤位于膀胱7例、腹主动脉旁5例、肾门4例、脐尿管1例、盆腔1例。结果 18例中行肿瘤切除术15例,探查术3例。病理诊断良性16例,恶性2例。5例术后3个月~10年复发。结论 尿CA和VMA测定是定性诊断和监测复发的有效方法。围手术期控制血压和扩容是保障手术安全的关键。术后应长期严密随访。 相似文献
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目的探讨胆内瘘的诊断要点和治疗方法。方法对48例胆内瘘患者临床资料进行分析。结果11例患者术前诊断为胆内瘘(22.9%),37例患者为术中发现(77.1%)。在胆内瘘类型中,胆囊十二指肠瘘28例,胆囊结肠瘘7例,胆囊胃瘘6例,胆囊肝总管瘘5例,胆总管十二直肠瘘2例。开腹手术处理43例(89.6%),腹腔镜下处理5例(10.4%)。所有患者康复出院,无手术并发症。结论钡餐、CT、PTC和ERCP可提高术前诊断率;手术原则为解除病因、通畅引流、闭合瘘口;腹腔镜下处理胆内瘘有一定的应用前景。 相似文献
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目的探讨肾上腺嗜铬细胞瘤自发破裂的临床特点。方法分析2例肾上腺嗜铬细胞瘤自发破裂病例。结果B超、CT检查均提示肾上腺区肿瘤并破裂、肾周血肿。保守治疗后择期手术切除肿瘤,清除血肿。结论肾上腺嗜铬细胞瘤可能会发生自发破裂而出血,B超、CT检查有助于诊断。治疗常需手术切除肿瘤、清除血肿。 相似文献
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腺性膀胱炎的治疗(附33例报告) 总被引:5,自引:1,他引:4
目的 探讨腺性膀胱炎的诊断和治疗。方法 对33例腺性膀胱炎患者行经尿道电切汽化术及膀胱药物灌注治疗。 结果 33例均获随访6~38个月,平均22个月,其中治愈30例,3例6~12个月内复发。结论 经尿道电切汽化加膀胱药物 灌注是治疗腺性膀胱炎的首选方法,该法既可以消除临床症状,又可以预防复发和恶变。 相似文献
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肾上腺外嗜铬细胞瘤的诊断与治疗 总被引:15,自引:0,他引:15
目的 提高肾上腺外嗜铬细胞瘤的诊断和治疗水平。方法 分析1988年至2002年资料完整、病理证实的肾上腺外嗜铬细胞瘤38例。临床表现:高血压34例、血尿4例,体检发现肿瘤2例。33例检测尿VMA及血、尿儿茶酚胺。尿VMA及血尿儿茶酚胺升高分别为30例(91%)和28例(85%)。B超检查38例,阳性率92%、CT扫描34例,阳性率100%。术前服用a受体阻滞剂29例。6例在硬膜外、32例在全麻下手术。6例经膀胱、19例经腹、10例经腰、3例经腹腔镜手术。结果 肿瘤部位:膀胱壁6例、肾门区域7例、肾上极区9例、肾下极区4例、肾上腺前外上方10例,多发2例。切除肿瘤32例,包膜下剜除肿瘤6例。手术切除瘤体直径2—9cm。随访13个月-10年,34例高血压患者术后血压正常26例、仍有高血压2例。肿瘤复发、转移9例,恶性嗜铬细胞瘤10例,死亡5例。结论 VMA及血、尿儿茶酚胺是定性诊断异位嗜铬细胞瘤的主要依据,CT诊断定位准确、^131碘-间位碘代苄胍(^131 I—MIBG)定位准确、敏感性高,且可作为治疗措施。术前降压、扩容、纠正心律失常是手术成功的关键,经腹径路手术暴露良好,肿瘤外侵时可作囊内剜除,术后应密切随访。 相似文献