双侧同期全膝关节置换和单侧分期全膝关节置换治疗膝骨性关节炎患者的效果及安全性

目的 探讨双侧同期全膝关节置换和单侧分期全膝关节置换治疗膝骨性关节炎患者的效果及安全性.方法 回顾性分析2017年1月至2020年1月本院收治的100例膝骨性关节炎患者的临床资料,依据手术方法将其分为双侧同期组(双侧同期全膝关节置换,n=50)、单侧分期组(单侧分期全膝关节置换,n=50).比较两组患者的血红蛋白水平、...     

Active physiotherapy interventions following total knee arthroplasty in the hospital and inpatient rehabilitation settings: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Background

Physiotherapy is a routine component of postoperative management following total knee arthroplasty (TKA). As the demand for surgery increases it is vital that postoperative physiotherapy interventions are effective and efficient.

术前短期家庭康复在全膝关节置换中的应用研究

目的:探讨为期2周的术前短期家庭康复对人工全膝关节置换术(TKA)后早期疗效的影响。方法:将拟行TKA的30名患者随机分为术前康复组(n=15)和对照组(n=15)。术前康复组进行为期2周的家庭康复锻炼后完成单侧TKA,对照组术前无特殊康复锻炼。分别在就诊时、术前1天和术后8周记录患者疼痛视觉模拟评分(VAS)、关节主动活动度(AROM)、特种外科医院膝关节评分(HSS-KS);术后3天评价患者康复锻炼依从性、术后8周进行就医满意度评定。结果:术前,术前康复组VAS评分较就诊时明显降低(P0.05),术后8周2组VAS评分较就诊时及术前明显降低(均P0.05),且术前康复组明显低于对照组(P0.05)。2组患者患膝AROM、HSSKS评分在就诊时、术前均无统计学差异,术前康复组术前及术后8周患膝AROM、HSS-KS评分较就诊时没有明显改善,但术后8周术前康复组患膝AROM、HSS-KS评分均高于对照组(均P0.05),术前康复组患者术后康复锻炼依从性及就医满意度明显优于对照组(均P0.05)。结论:为期2周的短期术前家庭康复能够在TKA术前减轻患者疼痛,提高患者术后早期康复依从性,促进术后早期功能恢复,提高患者就医满意度。     

单髁置换术与微创全膝关节置换术治疗老年膝关节骨性关节炎的临床效果

目的比较单踝置换术(UKA)及微创全膝关节置换术(MIS-TKA)治疗老年膝关节骨性关节炎的临床效果。方法选取2015年1月至2018年1月我院收治的84例膝关节骨性关节炎老年患者为研究对象,根据治疗方式的不同将其分为单踝组(42例,UKA)与全膝组(42例,MIS-TKA)。比较两组临床疗效。结果单踝组手术时间、住院时间及直腿抬高时间短于全膝组,术中出血量少于全膝组(P<0.05)。术后1个月,单踝组KSS各项评分均优于全膝组(P<0.05)。术后6个月,单踝组动态步态指数及ROW均高于全膝组(P<0.05),但术后12个月时无差异(P>0.05);术后6、12个月,两组HSS评分均无差异(P>0.05)。术后6个月,两组AIMS2-SF评分均升高,但组间无差异(P>0.05)。结论 UKA与MIS-TKA均是治疗老年膝关节骨性关节炎的有效术式,能有效改善膝关节功能,提高生活质量水平,但UKA的创伤及出血少,对膝关节骨性关节炎术后恢复更有优势。     

Effects of obesity on inpatient rehabilitation outcomes following total knee arthroplasty

Objective

To investigate the effects of obesity on inpatient rehabilitation outcomes following total knee arthroplasty.

Participants

Two hundred and thirty-nine total knee arthroplasty patients (12 men and 227 women).

Interventions

Patients were divided in two groups (non-obese and obese) according to pre-operative body mass index (BMI). After surgery, all patients received standard post-operative treatment from a physiotherapist, including continuous passive motion, active-assistive and active range of motion exercises, isometric and isotonic strengthening exercises, gait training and transfer training.

Main outcome measures

Patients were evaluated pre-operatively and at discharge using BMI, knee function score [Hospital for Special Surgery (HSS) score], pain and range of motion of knee flexion. Functional activities were evaluated using the Iowa Level of Assistance Scale, and walking speed was evaluated using the Iowa Ambulation Velocity Scale.

Results

There were no statistically or clinically significant differences between the two groups of patients at discharge, with obese patients recording a mean HSS score of 62.6 points (95% confidence interval 61.3 to 63.9) and non-obese patients recording a mean HSS score of 62.6 (95% confidence interval 61.6 to 63.7, P = 0.950). Both groups improved in all parameters at the time of discharge compared with pre-operative values, with the exception of walking speed and the range of knee flexion. There was no significant difference in length of hospital stay between obese (median 9 days, interquartile range 4-22) and non-obese (median 9 days, interquartile range 4-23) patients.

Conclusions

Obesity had no negative effects on inpatient rehabilitation outcomes following total knee arthroplasty. This finding is significant given implementation of the prospective payment system in rehabilitation hospitals in parts of Turkey, and the effect that this will have on length of hospital stay for patients who have undergone total knee arthroplasty.     

Effect of obesity on inpatient rehabilitation outcomes following total knee arthroplasty

OBJECTIVES: To examine obesity effects on outcomes following inpatient rehabilitation in patients following primary total knee arthroplasty or revision total knee arthroplasty. DESIGN: Retrospective, comparative study. SETTING: Fifty-bed, university-affiliated rehabilitation hospital. PATIENTS: Obese (N = 139; body mass index >30 kg/m(2)) and non-obese (N = 146; body mass indexB <30 kg/m(2)) total knee arthroplasty patients. Participants were further stratified based on total knee arthroplasty type, primary and revision for a total of four groups. INTERVENTION: Interdisciplinary inpatient rehabilitation. MAIN MEASURES: Range of motion, length of stay, Functional Independence Measure (FIM) scores, FIM efficiency scores, total and daily hospital charges, and discharge disposition location. RESULTS: Range of motion and FIM scores improved from admission to discharge in both obese and non-obese patients regardless of total knee arthroplasty type. FIM efficiency was lower in revision than primary total knee arthroplasty (2.8 versus 3.6 patients/day; P < 0.005) but not different between obese and non-obese groups. Total hospital charges were lower for the primary than for the revision patients (P < 0.05), but were directly related with body mass index (r = 0.140, P < 0.05). Discharge disposition locations were not different among groups. CONCLUSION: Rehabilitation teams can expect comparable gains between obese and non-obese patients following total knee arthroplasty, but at a greater expense.     

Sonographic evaluation of patellar clunk syndrome following total knee arthroplasty

Patellar clunk syndrome is a painful mechanical phenomenon that may develop following total knee arthroplasty. The diagnosis is usually made clinically, but cross‐sectional imaging may be needed to confirm the clinical suspicion. Sonographic confirmation of patellar clunk syndrome can be obtained by directly visualizing the soft tissue proliferation deep to the distal quadriceps tendon and by dynamically demonstrating the clunking tissue during flexion and extension of the knee. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 45 :105–107, 2017;     

股内侧肌下入路联合加速康复外科理念应用对全膝关节置换术后康复的影响

目的探讨经股内侧肌下入路联合加速康复外科(enhanced recovery after surgery, ERAS)理念应用对全膝关节置换(total knee arthroplasty, TKA)术后短期康复的作用。方法 40例术前合并轻度贫血的原发性重度膝关节骨性关节炎患者,随机分为观察组和对照组各20例。观察组采用股内侧肌下入路进行TKA,并应用ERAS方法进行围手术期管理;对照组采用髌旁内侧入路进行TKA,按传统方法进行围手术期管理。记录患者术前及术后48 h视觉模拟评分(visual analogue scale, VAS)、血红蛋白水平、股直肌肌电量的均方根值(root mean square, RMS)及日均活动量,并进行2组间比较。结果 2组术前血红蛋白、VAS评分、RMS及日均活动量比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);术后48 h,观察组血红蛋白[(101.68±11.11)g/L]、RMS(50.19±18.83)高于对照组[(94.85±4.18)g/L、39.75±20.40](P<0.05),日均活动量[(68.85±5.03)m]大于对照组[(54.55±4.38)m](P<0.05),VAS评分[(2.65±0.81)分]与对照组[(3.10±0.97)分]比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论经股内侧肌下入路联合ERAS围手术期管理方法有助于纠正合并贫血的膝关节骨关节炎患者TKA术后贫血,提高活动能力和活动量,对术后康复有积极作用。     

膝骨性关节炎双侧同期全膝关节置换和单侧膝关节置换的比较

背景：双膝重度骨性关节炎患者,选择双膝同期全膝关节置换或选择单侧全膝关节置换在安全性和临床疗效方面存在争议。目的：比较双膝重度骨性关节炎患者,双膝同期关节置换和单膝关节置换的安全性及临床疗效。方法：将拟行全膝关节置换的双膝重度骨关节炎患者60例（90膝）分为2组：单膝组（30例,30膝）行单侧全膝关节置换,双膝组（30例,60膝）行双膝同期全膝关节置换。结果与结论：2组患者在感染、肺栓塞、死亡率等并发症发生率方面差异无显著性意义（P〉0.05）,而双膝组患者心血管并发症的发生率、置换后失血量及输血量均高于单膝组（P〈0.05）。置换后1年随访时,2组患者的膝关节活动度、股四头肌肌力、美国特种外科医院膝关节评分比较差异无显著性意义（P〉0.05）。但双膝组患者目测类比评分显著低于单膝组（P 〈0.05）,提示双侧同期全膝关节置换患者心血管并发症方面的风险略高,对存在心血管系统疾病合并症的患者,应尽量避免行双侧同期全膝关节置换。     

双侧全膝关节置换术后系统康复的临床研究

目的:前瞻性地进行双侧一次性全膝关节置换术(TKR)患者围手术期系统康复的临床研究。方法:选择2002年3月—2002年8月住院治疗TKR患者21例,所有入选病例均为膝关节骨性关节炎实施双侧一次性TKR的患者,入院后即开始实施系统个性化康复治疗方案,康复治疗分为3个阶段。第一阶段(手术前)、第二阶段(术后0—20天)、第三阶段(出院后),康复治疗内容包括:肌力训练、关节活动度训练、平衡功能、本体感觉及步态训练,术后康复治疗从术后第1天开始。结果:病例随访6—12个月,总共42个膝关节。膝关节活动度:出院时(术后10—20天):膝关节屈曲:100°—120°,平均101°±11.3°;伸直:10°—30°,平均10.4°±8.6°;膝关节周围肌力达到4级以上;术后半年复查,按照HSS膝关节评分标准:优:18例,良:3例,优良率100%,患者能够脱离拐杖行走及上下楼梯,生活完全自理。结论:双侧TKR患者术后早期系统康复治疗可直接影响手术的效果;早期系统的康复训练对于维持关节的稳定性、减少对人工关节的磨损、延长人工关节的使用寿命、提高患者生活质量是必需的,对双侧TKR患者更为重要。     

不同角度股四头肌负重训练对全膝关节置换术患者康复的影响

目的 探讨人工全膝关节置换术患者手术前后应用不同角度股四头肌板进行负重训练对患肢股四头肌肌力和关节功能康复的影响.方法 选择2010年9月～2011年2月本科室收治的36例行单侧人工全膝关节置换术患者,随机分为实验组和对照组,每组各18例.对照组采用常规股四头肌等长收缩训练,实验组应用股四头肌板和砂袋进行股四头肌负重训练,比较两组患者术前1d和术后第14 d膝关节活动范围(Range Of Motion,ROM)和美国膝关节学会评分(American Knee Society,AKS)的差异,以及两组患者术后达到直腿抬高的时间.结果 实验组患者术后第14 d ROM大于对照组,AKS评分高于对照组,达到直腿抬高的时间短于对照组(均P＜0.05).结论 人工全膝关节置换术患者手术前后应用可调不同角度的股四头肌板进行负重训练,可加快患肢股四头肌肌力和关节功能康复,提高治疗效果.     

疼痛管理对全膝关节置换患者术后疼痛及恢复的影响

目的探讨规范化疼痛管理对全膝关节置换术(TKA)后患者康复的效果。方法将80例全膝关节置换患者随机分为对照组和干预组各40例。对照组给予常规护理,干预组在此基础上采用规范化疼痛管理,比较2组全膝关节置换患者康复效果。结果干预组术后24、48、72 h及出院时疼痛评分显著低于对照组(P0.01);术后24 h睡眠时间显著长于对照组(P0.01);首次下地时间、膝关节屈曲≥90°所需时间、住院时间均显著短于对照组(P0.01)。结论对全膝关节置换患者实施疼痛管理,能够有效减轻术后疼痛,促进膝关节功能的恢复。     

46例类风湿性关节炎病人行双侧人工全膝关节置换术后的康复护理

[目的]总结类风湿性关节炎病人行双侧人工全膝关节置换术后的康复护理。[方法]对46例类风湿性关节炎病人行双侧人工全膝关节置换术,同时加强术后心理护理、一般护理、康复训练等。[结果]46例病人切口均获一期愈合,局部疼痛减轻或消失,至术后2周拆线时膝关节活动度达到70°～100°,平均80°;随访8周至62个月,采用美国特种外科医院膝关节评分(HSS)评定膝关节功能,优26例,良14例,中6例;均能弃拐自行行走,能满足基本日常生活需要。[结论]加强类风湿性关节炎病人行双侧人工全膝关节置换术后的康复护理,有助于术后膝关节功能的恢复。     

全膝关节置换术后个性化系统康复的疗效观察

目的:探讨个性化系统康复对仝膝关节置换术(TKR)后功能恢复的作用,以及对术后住院时间的影响.方法:选择TKR手术患者44例,随机分成系统康复训练组(22例)和对照组(22例).两组均接受骨科常规治疗、护理和功能锻炼指导.康复组除接受骨科常规治疗外,入院后根据患者情况由康复医学科制定个性化系统的康复治疗方案,康复治疗方案分为4个阶段:第一阶段(术前第4天)、第二阶段(术后第0-3天)、第三阶段(术后第4-14天)、第四阶段(术后第15-60天).康复治疗内容包括呼吸训练、肌力训练、关节活动度训练、平衡功能、本体感觉、步态和独立转移能力训练.于手术治疗前4d,手术后第14天及第60天进行评价,指标包括:美国膝关节学会评分(AKSS)、膝关节活动范围(ROM)、手术后住院天数.结果:康复组和对照组手术前各项观察指标经统计学分析差异无显著性意义(P＞0.05),康复组在第14天AKSS关节和功能评分值优于对照组(P＜0.05),第60天AKSS关节和功能评分值明显优于对照组(P＜0.01),ROM测定值均优于对照组(P＜0.01),手术后住院天数短于对照组(P＜0.05).结论:个性化系统康复治疗町促进TKR术后患者的功能恢复;增加手术后膝关节的关节活动范围;缩短患者手术后的住院天数.     

Sex and age effects on outcomes of total hip arthroplasty after inpatient rehabilitation

OBJECTIVE: To retrospectively examine the effects of sex and age on the inpatient rehabilitation outcomes of patients after total hip arthroplasty (THA). DESIGN: Exploratory, retrospective study. SETTING: A university-affiliated rehabilitation hospital. PARTICIPANTS: Male and female THA patients (N=332) were stratified into age brackets (<65y, 65-84y, >or=85y). All patients completed interdisciplinary inpatient rehabilitation. INTERVENTIONS: Not applicable. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Length of stay (LOS), FIM instrument scores, FIM efficiency (FIM/LOS), hospital costs, and discharge disposition location were collected by chart review. RESULTS: Regardless of age, women had lower FIM scores at admission and discharge than men (P<.05). FIM efficiency was 22% to 53% lower for women in primary THA and 16% to 85% lower in revision THA than men (P=.001). Women accrued higher total hospital charges than men (13,099 dollars vs 11,141 dollars; P<.05), and were discharged home less frequently than men (84.4% vs 90.9%; P<.05). Admission FIM scores were 10.6% and 8.9% lower and discharge FIM scores were 7.3% and 9.2% lower in patients 85 years or older than those less than 65 or 65 to 84 years (P<.01). FIM efficiency was 25% to 38% higher in patients less than 85 years than those 85 years and older (P=.015), and 37% higher in men than women (P=.001). Patients 85 years and older were discharged less frequently to home than patients less than 85 years (P<.05). CONCLUSIONS: All patients made functional improvement after inpatient rehabilitation, but women and patients 85 years and older had longer LOS and lower FIM efficiency, incurred greater hospital charges, and were less likely to be discharged to home than men and younger counterparts.     

综合疼痛护理干预对全膝关节置换术后患者康复效果的影响

目的 探讨围手术期综合疼痛护理干预对全膝关节置换术后患者的康复效果的影响.方法 选择行全膝关节置换手术的患者100例,采用随机分组法将患者分为对照组和干预组各50例,对照组实施常规的术后护理,干预组在常规护理的基础上,施行综合疼痛护理干预措施,观察并记录两组患者术后的康复训练情况.结果 干预组术后4,8,12,24,48,72 h的疼痛评分分别为(3.12±0.13),(2.35±0.92),(2.42±1.23),(1.92±0.17),(1.65±1.17),(1.73±0.63)分;对照组分别为(4.80±0.30),(6.12±1.65),(7.42±2.09),(3.70±0.22),(3.80±1.67),(3.48±1.67)分;两组比较,差异有统计学意义(f分别为4.72,13.77,14.73,14.09,8.23,7.69;P＜0.01).术后干预组患者的主动直腿抬高时间、膝关节主动屈膝活动达90.时间均显著低于对照组[分别为(14.50±1.90)比(24.73±3.04)h,(3.27±0.73)比(4.10±1.05)d],差异有统计学意义(t分别为24.24,5.75;P＜0.01).干预组出院时膝关节主动活动度显著大于对照组[(106.46±11.65)比(98.60±11.36)°],差异有统计学意义(t=2.57,P＜0.05).干预组的出院满意度显著高于对照组(x2=63.25,P＜0.01).结论 综合疼痛护理干预可以减轻膝关节置换术患者的术后疼痛,增加患者的舒适度,有助于患者尽早进行功能锻炼,促进患者的早期康复,提高护理质量,提高患者满意度.     

非骨水泥型全髋关节置换术患者的早期康复

目的：比较早期负重和晚期负重对非骨水泥型全髋关节置换术后患者功能恢复和生存质量的影响.方法：共收集患者30例（32髋）,分为早期负重组（治疗组）和晚期负重组（对照组）,除术后负重方法不同外,均予系统的早期康复治疗.术前、术后12周内进行临床和放射学的评定和比较.结果：术后12周,早期负重组患者能够更早地获得独立步行的能力（P＜0.001）,Harris评分和WOMAC评分改善更明显（P＜0.001）;SF-36量表的评分中,早期负重组患者的生理职能、生理机能,以及社会功能评分更高（P＜0.001）.术后12周,放射学检查结果初步表明早期负重并未导致假体固定失败.结论：术后12周,早期负重组患者功能改善更明显,更快地获得独立的日常生活和社会活动能力,生存质量更高.早期负重的康复治疗,必须在一定条件下进行.     

人工膝关节置换的引流效应

背景：关节置换后放置引流已经作为一种常规应用于髋、膝关节置换后,然而,引流管作为外界与关节相通的潜在通道,可能成为细菌等病原体入侵关节腔的门户。 目的：评价引流管在人工膝关节置换术中的临床意义及安全性。 方法：对80例需行人工膝关节置换的患者按照住院号的单双号随机分为引流组（38例）与非引流组（42例）,根据公式计算并对关节置换后失血量、需输血人数及输血量、置换后并发症及膝关节功能的恢复情况进行统计分析。 结果与结论：出院后继续随访2年,其中非引流组2例失访,78例患者纳入结果分析。关节置换后总失血量、需输血人数、输血量,引流组多于非引流组;置换后第3天膝关节主动活动度,引流组要大于非引流组;置换后血红蛋白变化值及末次随访两组患者KSS评分差异无显著性意义。结果表明人工膝关节置换后放置引流将增加后的失血及输血,但在置换后早期膝关节功能的恢复方面可能存在积极的意义,远期膝关节功能评分及置换后并发症两组差异无显著性意义。     

骨科康复一体化模式对全膝关节置换术后功能恢复影响的临床研究

目的:评价骨科康复一体化治疗模式运用于全膝关节置换术对膝关节疼痛、功能及生存质量的改善效果,比较其与常规治疗模式干预的康复疗效差异。方法:将2014年5月—2015年3月前来解放军总医院第一附属医院关节外科就诊,第一诊断为膝关节骨性关节炎且初次行全膝关节置换术的患者94例,按就诊顺序随机分为观察组(47例)和对照组(47例),观察组给予骨科康复一体化治疗模式干预,对照组给予常规治疗模式干预,分别于术前和术后1周、4周、12周、24周采用膝关节主动关节活动度(active range of motion,AROM),数字疼痛评分(numeric rating scale,NRS)、HSS膝关节功能评分,以及生活质量量表(MOS 12-item short form health survey,SF-12)评价康复疗效。结果:术前两组患者膝关节AROM、NRS、HSS膝关节功能评分、SF-12量表中的心理总得分(physical component summary,MCS)和生理总得分(mental component summary,PCS)无差异(P0.05);术后1、4周时观察组膝关节AROM、SF-12量表中MCS均优于对照组(P0.05),但NRS两组无差异(P0.05);术后1周时膝关节HSS评分、SF-12量表中的PCS组间比较无差异(P0.05);术后4周时观察组的膝关节HSS评分、SF-12量表中的生理总得分(PCS)均优于对照组(P0.05);术后12周及24周时观察组AROM、NRS、HSS膝关节功能评分及SF-12量表中的PCS、MCS均明显优于对照组(P0.05)。结论:对初次行全膝关节置换术的患者进行骨科康复一体化治疗模式干预后的康复疗效确切,其对改善膝关节功能、患者的心理功能以及缓解疼痛的康复疗效优于常规的治疗模式且显著提高患者的生活质量。     

Deluxe-ps膝关节假体在一期双膝关节置换过程中的应用

背景：Deluxe-PS 型人工膝关节假体是根据中国人膝关节解剖特点尤其是股骨髁的形态特征而设计的,其膝关节假体股骨髁内外侧距（M-L）较进口假体少3.5 mm。 目的：探讨Deluxe-ps膝关节假体行一期双膝关节置换中的近期疗效。 方法：纳入使用Deluxe-ps型膝关节假体行一期双侧膝关节置换的膝关节炎患者15例（30膝）设为实验组,对照组为同期采用P.F.C.Sigma膝关节假体行一期双侧膝关节置换的20例患者（40膝）。采用KSS评分和关节功能HSS评分、膝关节关节活动度评估两组手术前、后膝关节功能,对比两组手术时间、及术中输血量。 结果与结论：两组患者置换后均得到12-24个月随访,平均16个月。置换后患者膝关节疼痛均缓解,关节功能恢复满意。两组膝关节置换后与置换前 KSS 评分、HSS 评分及膝关节关节活动度比较,差异均有显著性意义（P〈0.05）。置换后,两组间KSS评分和HSS评分及膝关节关节活动度,差异均无显著性意义（P〉0.05）,两组间置换过程中出血量比较,差异均无显著性意义（P〉0.05）,手术时间比较,差异有显著性意义（P〈0.05）。说明采用Deluxe-ps膝关节假体行一期双膝关节置换近期疗效满意。