MiR-129-5p靶向抑制高迁移率族蛋白B1表达增加甲状腺髓样细胞MZ-CRC-1放射敏感性的实验研究

目的 探讨miR-129-5p靶向抑制高迁移率族蛋白B1（HMGB1）对甲状腺髓样细胞MZ-CRC-1放射敏感性的影响机制。方法 建立抗辐射细胞株MZ-CRC-1/R;克隆形成实验分析细胞存活分数;qRT-qPCR检测miR-129-5p在MZ-CRC-1和MZ-CRC-1/R细胞中的表达;噻唑蓝（MTT）法检测细胞活力;流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡;双荧光酶报告基因实验验证miR-129-5p与高迁移率族蛋白B1（HMGB1）之间的靶向关系;Western blot检测HMGB1和p-AKt的蛋白表达。结果 与MZ-CRC-1细胞相比,MZ-CRC-1/R细胞的细胞存活分数显著提高（t=3.038、4.330、4.885、4.568,P<0.05）;细胞活力增加（t=3.637、7.734、11.896、14.522,P<0.05）;与MZ-CRC-1细胞（1.00±0.06）相比,miR-129-5p在MZ-CRC-1/R细胞中的表达（0.26±0.03）显著降低（t=19.107,P<0.05）;与miR-NC-inhibitor组细胞相比,miR-129-5p-inhibitor组细胞的细胞活力显著增加（t=5.156、6.005、9.649,P<0.05）,细胞凋亡率降低（t=8.659,P<0.05）。与miR-NC组细胞相比,miR-129-5p mimic组细胞的细胞活力显著降低（t=3.118、5.034、6.005、7.488,P<0.05）,细胞凋亡率升高（t=6.362,P<0.05）;过表达miR-129-5p可抑制HMGB1及p-AKt信号通路的表达（t=9.325、10.614,P<0.05）;与miR-129-5p inhibitor组细胞相比,miR-129-5p inhibitor+si-HMGB1组细胞的细胞凋亡率显著升高（t=6.700,P<0.05）;与miR-129-5p mimic组细胞相比,miR-129-5p mimic+si-HMGB1组细胞的细胞凋亡率显著降低（t=7.073,P<0.05）。结论 miR-129-5p可靶向抑制HMGB1增加甲状腺髓样细胞MZ-CRC-1的放射敏感性。     

miR-124靶向STAT3改善脑恶性胶质瘤细胞辐射敏感性

目的 研究miR-124在放射敏感及耐受的脑恶性胶质瘤细胞LN229和LN229R中的表达以及miR-124对细胞放射敏感性的影响,并深入探讨miR-124调控LN229R细胞放射敏感性的作用机制。方法 将miR-124模拟物（miR-124）及阴性对照（miR-NC）,STAT3过表达质粒（STAT3）及pcDNA3.1质粒（pcDNA）单独或共转染到放射抵抗的胶质瘤细胞LN229R中。qRT-PCR检测LN229和LN229R细胞中miR-124的表达;克隆形成实验分析不同放射剂量下LN229R细胞的生存率以及敏感性相关参数值;流式细胞术分析LN229R细胞的凋亡情况;生物信息学预测miR-124和STAT3的靶向关系,并利用双荧光素酶报告分析加以验证;Western blot分析STAT3的蛋白表达水平。结果 与LN229组（1.02±0.09）相比,miR-124在LN229R细胞中的表达水平（0.32±0.03）显著降低,差异有统计学意义（t=12.780,P<0.05）;与miR-NC组（0.95±0.06）相比,转染miR-124模拟物可促进LN229R细胞中miR-124的表达（4.02±0.39）（t=13.476,P<0.05）;8 Gy照射条件下,miR-124过表达组癌细胞的生存率（0.003±0.000 4）显著低于miR-NC组（0.033±0.005 0）（t=5.655,P<0.05）,细胞凋亡率（22.34±2.42）%显著高于miR-NC组（4.69±0.51）%（t=12.361,P<0.05）;STAT3是miR-124的靶基因;外源回补STAT3可逆转miR-124对LN229R细胞生存的抑制作用。结论 miR-124通过靶向STAT3改善LN229R细胞的放射敏感性。     

Down regulation of miR-203 in radiation- induced thymic lymphoma promoted cells proliferation and inhibited apoptosis

Objective To investigate the role of miR-203 in radiation-induced thymic lymphoma (RITL).Methods A ⁶⁰Co irradiator was used for total-body irradiation. MicroRNAs(miRNAs) level was assayed by qRT-PCR. Cell proliferation was assayed by MTT assay. Cell apoptosis was examined by fluorescence activated cell sorter(FACS). Dual luciferase reporter assay system was used to detect the 3'UTR reporter. Results MiR-203 was down-regulated in RITL tissues. Overexpression of miR-203 strongly inhibited the proliferation of both NIH3T3 cells and EL4 cells and vice versa. MiR-203 inhibited cells proliferation and induced apoptosis via TANK-binding kinase (TBK1), SLUG(SNAI2) and Cyclin D1(CCND1). Conclusions Radiation down-regulated the level of miR-203 in thymic, which promoted radiation-induced thymic lymphoma by targeting TBK1, SNAI2 and CCND1.     

miR-141过表达增强人食管癌细胞的放射敏感性

目的 研究miR-141对食管癌细胞放射敏感性的影响及可能的作用机制。方法 将miR-141 mimic或miR-对照转染到食管癌KYSE-150细胞中,分别使用qRT-PCR和Western blot技术检测miR-141和增殖相关蛋白Ki67、凋亡相关蛋白Bax和Bcl-2的表达。CCK-8,流式细胞术及克隆形成实验检测放射处理后细胞的放射敏感性变化。结果 随放射剂量的增加,食管癌细胞中miR-141表达逐渐降低（t=2.57~8.96,P<0.05）。miR-141过表达抑制了细胞的增殖和克隆形成能力,促进了KYSE-150细胞凋亡,使得放射敏感性增高（t=3.24,P<0.05）。此外,与对照组相比,miR-141过表达显著抑制KYSE-150细胞中的Ki67和Bcl-2蛋白表达（t=6.56、8.24,P<0.01）,并促进Bax蛋白表达（t=3.24,P<0.01）,进一步证实了miR-141增强食管癌细胞的放射敏感性。结论 miR-141通过调控细胞增殖和凋亡相关蛋白表达增强食管癌细胞的放射敏感性。     

miR-885-3p靶向AKT1对结直肠癌细胞HT-29放射敏感性的影响

目的 探究miR-885-3p对结直肠癌细胞HT-29放射敏感性的影响以及作用机制。方法 荧光定量PCR检测经不同剂量（0、2、4、6、8 Gy）X射线照射后HT-29细胞中miR-885-3p的表达量;建立过表达miR-885-3p细胞株,功能试验探讨其对HT-29细胞放射敏感性的影响;生物信息学预测miR-885-3p下游调控的靶基因,双荧光素酶报告基因法进一步验证;上调和下调miR-885-3p表达量探讨miR-885-3p与靶基因丝苏氨酸蛋白激酶1（AKT1）表达量的调控关系;慢病毒转染敲减AKT1表达量,观察其对HT-29细胞放射敏感性的影响;共转染miR-885-3p模拟物,探讨过表达AKT1对miR-885-3p诱导的HT-29细胞放射敏感性的影响。结果 miR-885-3p在放射诱导的HT-29细胞中表达上调（F=46.64,P<0.05）;过表达miR-885-3p和敲减AKT1可通过抑制HT-29细胞存活、促进其凋亡,从而增强HT-29细胞放射敏感性（t=12.33、12.95,P<0.05）,放射增敏比（SER）分别为1.602和1.946;抑制miR-885-3p可通过促进HT-29细胞存活、抑制其凋亡从而促进HT-29细胞放射抵抗（t=11.94,P<0.05）,SER为0.839;AKT1是miR-885-3p下游靶基因;过表达AKT1反转miR-885-3p增强HT-29放射敏感性的作用,SER为0.680。结论 miR-885-3p通过直接靶向AKT1增加结直肠癌HT-29细胞放射敏感性,为提高临床结直肠癌放疗敏感性提供一个靶点。     

lncRNA CCAT1靶向miR-130b-3p对人胰腺癌细胞PANC-1放射敏感性的影响

目的 探讨lncRNA CCAT1和miR-130b-3p对体外培养的胰腺癌细胞PANC-1放射敏感性的影响。方法 采用Real-time PCR检测胰腺癌组织及其细胞系和2 Gy X射线照射后PANC-1细胞中CCAT1和miR-130b-3p的相对表达水平。沉默CCAT1表达、抑制miR-130b-3p表达后,应用流式细胞仪、Caspase 3活性检测试剂盒及克隆形成实验检测细胞凋亡率、Caspase 3活性和细胞存活分数,并绘制单击多靶模型拟合曲线;利用starBase v2.0在线预测、荧光素酶报告基因、RNA结合蛋白免疫沉淀实验（RIP）及Real-time PCR实验,验证CCAT1和miR-130b-3p的靶向关系。结果 在放射抵抗的胰腺癌组织、胰腺癌细胞系和2 Gy照射的PANC-1细胞中,CCAT1表达均上调（t=6.322~8.555,P<0.05）,miR-130b-3p表达下调（t=3.950~18.795,P<0.05）。2 Gy照射并沉默CCAT1,PANC-1细胞存活分数降低（t=2.929、5.047、5.234、5.125,P<0.05）,细胞凋亡率增加（t=6.953,P<0.05）,Caspase 3活性升高（t=6.836,P<0.05）。发现CCAT1能靶向调控miR-130b-3p表达,抑制miR-130b-3p表达,PANC-1细胞存活分数增大（t=4.564、6.736、8.656,P<0.05）,细胞凋亡减少（t=5.234,P<0.05）,Caspase 3活性降低（t=10.440,P<0.05）。结论 沉默CCAT1表达能够促进miR-130b-3p表达,从而增加PANC-1细胞放射敏感性。     

LncRNA CRNDE靶向miR-384影响结直肠癌细胞放射敏感性的研究

目的 研究长链非编码RNA （Lnc RNA）结直肠肿瘤差异表达基因（CRNDE）对结直肠癌细胞放射敏感性的影响及其机制。方法 以结直肠癌HT-29细胞作为体外研究对象,转染CRNDE shRNA,实时定量PCR测定干扰效果。以8 Gy X射线照射转染CRNDE shRNA后的HT-29细胞,四甲基偶氮唑盐（MTT）比色法和流式细胞术分别检测细胞增殖和凋亡水平。平板克隆实验检测放射敏感性。生物信息学软件预测CRNDE与miR-384有互补结合位点,荧光素酶报告系统鉴定靶向关系。将CRNDE shRNA和miR-384 inhibitor共转染至HT-29细胞中,以8 Gy剂量照射处理,MTT和流式细胞术检测细胞增殖和凋亡变化。结果 CRNDE shRNA能够降低HT-29细胞中CRNDE表达水平（1.00±0.08 vs. 0.42±0.06,t=10.051,P<0.05）。CRNDE shRNA和放射均可以抑制HT-29细胞增殖并诱导细胞凋亡,并且二者联合具有协同作用[凋亡率：（2.27±0.13）%、（23.58±2.35）%、（26.91±2.81）%、（36.84±3.24）%,F=24.66,P<0.05;吸光度（A）值：0.45±0.06、0.30±0.02、0.28±0.03、0.20±0.02,F=106.21,P<0.05]。CRNDE shRNA转染后可以提高HT-29细胞放射敏感性,放射增敏比为1.374。CRNDE靶向负调控miR-384表达。miR-384 inhibitor能够拮抗CRNDE shRNA对放射处理的结直肠癌细胞增殖抑制和凋亡促进的作用。结论 下调LncRNA CRNDE表达可增强结直肠癌细胞的放射敏感性,其作用机制与靶向负调控miR-384表达有关。     

过表达miR-29c靶向抑制AKT2增强肝癌HepG2细胞放射敏感性的实验研究

目的 探讨miR-29c靶向AKT2对肝癌细胞HepG2放射敏感性的影响。方法 RT-PCR检测人正常肝THLE-3细胞和肝癌HepG2细胞中miR-29c表达。给予不同剂量（0、2、4、6和8 Gy）的X射线照射后,RT-PCR检测HepG2细胞中miR-29c表达变化。经生物信息学预测并采用双荧光素酶报告基因实验和Western blot检测miR-29c与AKT2的靶向关系。采用脂质体2000将miR-29c mimic/AKT2基因重组质粒和miR-29c inhibitor/慢病毒载体AKT2 shRNA转染至HepG2细胞中,并给予不同剂量X射线照射后,克隆形成实验和MTT实验检测miR-29/AKT2对HepG2细胞存活率和细胞活力的影响。结果 与THLE-3细胞相比,HepG2细胞中miR-29c明显降低,差异有统计学意义（t=17.816,P<0.05）;HepG2经2、4、6和8 Gy X射线照射后,细胞存活率较THLE-3细胞显著降低（t=4.541、6.823、7.218、9.363,P<0.05）,HepG2细胞中miR-29c表达显著下降（t=5.599、9.262、10.470、10.873,P<0.05）。miR-29c过表达可降低HepG2细胞存活率和细胞活力（t_存活率=4.307、7.668、7.668、6.894,P<0.05;t_细胞活力=3.443、8.116、13.434,P<0.05）;反之,抑制miR-29c表达则升高HepG2细胞存活率和细胞活力（t=4.003、6.713、7.141,P<0.05;t_细胞活力=4.282、5.113,P<0.05）。双荧光素酶报告基因实验表明,AKT2是miR-29c的靶基因,Western blot检测结果显示,miR-29c可负向调控AKT2蛋白表达。沉默AKT2后,HepG2细胞的存活分数及细胞存活率趋势与miR-29c过表达相一致;反之,AKT2过表达则与抑制miR-29c表达相一致。结论 miR-29c可通过靶向AKT2增加肝癌细胞HepG2放射敏感性。     

Effects of CKMT1 on radiosensitivity of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells

Abstract

Purpose: Radioresistance is an important factor for unsatisfactory prognosis in Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) patients. Ubiquitous mitochondrial creatine kinase (CKMT1) is always associated with malignancy in a variety of cancers. However, its significance in NPC progression and radiosensitivity remains unclear. The present study focused on investigating the effects of CKMT1 on NPC cell radiosensitivity.

Material and methods: CKMT1 was overexpressed in NPC cell line CNE-1 or knocked out in CNE-2. Biological changes were detected after cells exposing to different doses of X-ray to determine the role of CKMT1 on NPC cell radiosensitivity.

Results: CKMT1 promotes proliferation and migration in NPC cell lines CNE-1 and CNE-2. Overexpression of CKMT1 in CNE-1 cells enhanced colony formation rates, reduced G2/M phase cell cycle arrest, lowered apoptosis rate and c-PARP level, and elevated STAT3 phosphorylation level after radiation treatment. While knocking out CKMT1 using the CRISPR/Cas9 system in CNE-2 cells lowered colony formation rates, increased G2/M phase cell cycle arrest, apoptosis rates, and c-PARP levels, and decreased STAT3 phosphorylation in response to radiation treatment.

Conclusions: NPC cells with higher CKMT1 exhibited lower radiosensitivity through promoting phosphorylation of STAT3. Our findings suggest that CKMT1 may be an alternative radiotherapeutic target in NPC therapy.     

Attenuation of chronic thermotolerance by KNK437, a benzylidene lactam compound,enhances thermal radiosensitization in mild temperature hyperthermia combined with low dose-rate irradiation

Purpose: We investigated whether the attenuation of chronic thermotolerance by KNK437, a heat shock protein inhibitor, can modify the effect of thermal radiosensitization in mild temperature hyperthermia (MTH) combined with low dose-rate irradiation (LDRI).

Materials and methods: The human lung adenocarcinoma cell line A549 was simultaneously exposed to LDRI with MTH at 41°C and KNK437 at a dose of 100 μM. Cell survival was estimated by a clonogenic assay. Cell cycle change during treatment was analyzed by flow cytometry. Expression levels of the heat shock proteins hsp72, hsp27 and heat shock factor 1 (HSF-1) were measured by Western blotting.

Results: KNK437 inhibited the expression of inducible hsp72 and hsp27, but produced no change in the mobility shift of HSF-1. The cytotoxicity of LDRI was enhanced by MTH. The survival curve for LDRI + MTH revealed no development of chronic thermotolerance up to 48 h. Simultaneous LDRI and KNK437 treatment also resulted in enhanced cell killing. The radiosensitizing effect of KNK437 was enhanced by simultaneous exposure of the cells to MTH. Flow cytometry analysis of cell cycle progression demonstrated marked G2 arrest and mild G1 arrest with LDRI alone, but mild G1 arrest with MTH alone, and mild G2-M, S-phase accumulation with KNK437 alone. The marked G2 arrest caused by LDRI was partially suppressed by the addition of MTH, and was also suppressed by KNK437 treatment.

Conclusions: Exposure of A549 cells to KNK437 caused inhibition of hsp72 and hsp27 expression. The addition of KNK437 increased not only thermosensitivity to MTH, but also radiosensitivity to LDRI. KNK437 also enhanced the MTH-induced radiosensitization under these experimental conditions.     

lncRNA GAS5通过下调miR-223的表达提高结肠癌细胞的放射敏感性

目的 探究生长特异抑制物5（lncRNA growth arrest-specific 5,lncRNA GAS5）通过靶向调控miR-223的表达对结肠癌细胞的放射敏感性的影响。方法 采用荧光定量PCR（qPCR）检测多种结肠癌细胞系中lncRNA GAS5的表达量,选择表达量较低的作为后续研究对象;细胞克隆实验检测过表达lncRNA GAS5对结肠癌SW480细胞放射敏感性的影响;通过生物信息学数据库starBase以及双荧光素酶报告基因实验预测以及验证lncRNA GAS5的靶基因miR-223;qPCR检测miR-223在多种结肠癌细胞系中的表达量,以及过表达lncRNA GAS5对SW480细胞中miR-223表达量的影响。结果 与人正常结肠上皮细胞（NCM460）相比,lncRNA GAS5在结肠癌SW480、LOVO、HT-29、SW620细胞系中的表达量显著降低（t=15.25、8.69、14.42、11.62,P<0.05）,其中在SW480细胞中的表达量最低;过表达lncRNA GAS5或者下调miR-223显著降低细胞的存活分数（8 Gy时lncRNA GAS5：t=13.51,P<0.05;anti-miR-223：t=14.93,P<0.05）,促进凋亡（lncRNA GAS5：t=8.30,P<0.05;anti-miR-223：t=7.32,P<0.05）,增加结肠癌细胞放射敏感性;生物信息学分析显示,lncRNA GAS5 3''端序列中包含与miR-223的结合位点,过表达/下调lncRNA GAS5后,miR-223的表达量下降/上升。结论 lncRNA GAS5通过靶向调控miR-223的表达促进结肠癌细胞凋亡、抑制其存活,从而提高结肠癌细胞的放射敏感性。     

miR-320a调控非小细胞肺癌细胞的上皮细胞间质化过程研究

 目的 探讨miR-320a对非小细胞肺癌(non-small cell lung cancer, NSCLC)细胞上皮细胞间质化过程的调控作用及其可能的作用机制。方法 选取2017-07至2018-12于菏泽市立医院住院并进行手术治疗的NSCLC患者60例,术中取切除的癌组织和癌旁组织,RT-PCR和Western Blot检测癌组织和癌旁组织miR-320a和FoxM1表达;miR-320a mimics、miR-320a NC和miR-320a inhibitor转染A549细胞,24 h后划痕实验和Transwell小室实验检测细胞迁移、侵袭能力,双荧光素酶报告基因系统预测miR-320a与FoxM1的靶向关系,Western Blot检测FoxM1、E-Cadherin和Vimentin蛋白表达。结果 癌旁组织内miR-320a的表达高于癌组织(P<0.001),FoxM1的阳性细胞率低于癌组织(P<0.001);miR-320a NC组细胞迁移和侵袭能力低于miR-320a mimics组(P<0.001),而高于miR-320a inhibitor组(P<0.001);miR-320a可靶向下调FoxM1的表达水平;FoxM1-WT A549细胞中,miR-320a mimics组细胞E-cadherin表达显著高于miR-320a NC组(P<0.001),Vimentin表达显著低于miR-320a NC组(P<0.001);miR-320a inhibitor组细胞E-cadherin表达显著低于miR-320a NC组(P<0.001),Vimentin表达显著高于miR-320a NC组(P<0.001)。结论 miR-320a在NSCLC中可能作为抑癌基因发挥作用,这种作用可能是通过靶向抑制FoxM1的表达,从而抑制NSCLC细胞的上皮细胞间质化过程而实现的。     

蛋白酶体抑制剂MG132联合X射线对人肺腺癌细胞生长迁移和周期的影响及作用机制

目的 研究蛋白酶体抑制剂MG132联合X射线对人肺腺癌A549细胞生长、迁移、侵袭、细胞周期分布的影响及机制。方法 MTT法检测不同MG132浓度处理后不同时间肺腺癌A549细胞的增殖;克隆形成实验检测A549细胞的存活能力;划痕实验测定A549细胞的迁移能力;Transwell小室测定其侵袭能力;流式细胞术测定细胞周期分布的改变;Western blot法测定蛋白表达水平。结果 MG132明显抑制人肺腺癌A549细胞的生长,并呈现剂量-效应和时间-效应关系。MG132联合X射线对A549细胞克隆存活能力有显著抑制作用（F=554.78、954.64,P<0.01）,且加MG132组克隆存活率均低于照射组（t=4.44、12.41、3.52、6.72,P<0.05）。MG132在无毒性剂量下联合X射线可显著抑制A549细胞的迁移及侵袭能力（t=12.79,P<0.01）,并明显增加G₁期细胞阻滞（t=4.29,P<0.05）;MG132联合X射线明显降低A549细胞中基质金属蛋白酶-2,-9和G₁期相关蛋白Cyclin D1的表达水平,同时增加细胞中P53的表达。结论 MG132可以显著抑制人肺腺癌A549细胞的生长,且在无毒性剂量下联合X射线可以明显降低其转移和侵袭能力,显著增加肿瘤细胞的G₁期阻滞。     

Comparison of organic and inorganic germanium compounds in cellular radiosensitivity and preparation of germanium nanoparticles as a radiosensitizer

Purpose: The aim of this work is to compare the radiosensitizing effect between organic and inorganic germanium compounds and to investigate whether nanometer-sized germanium particles can act as radiosensitizers.

Materials and methods: Bis (2-carboxyethylgermanium) sesquioxide (Ge-132), germanium oxide (GeO₂) and germanium nanoparticles were used in this study. Cell viability was determined by clonogenic survival assay. Cellular DNA damage was evaluated by alkaline comet assay, confocal microscopy and the cellular level of phospho-histone H2AX (γ-H2AX).

Results: Nanometer-sized germanium particles were fabricated. They have a similar radiosensitizing effect as that of GeO₂. Conversely, Ge-132 did not enhance the radiosensitivity of cells. Comet assay was employed to evaluate the level of DNA damage and confirmed that inorganic germanium compounds enhanced cellular radiosensitivity. Notably, the comet assay indicated that the nanoparticle itself caused a higher level of DNA damage. The possibility that germanium nanoparticles per se caused DNA damage was ruled out when the cellular level of γ-H2AX was examined.

Conclusions: We demonstrated that inorganic but not organic germanium compounds exerted radiosensitizing effect in cells. Nanometer-sized germanium particles were fabricated and were able to enhance the radiosensitivity of cells. Confounding effect may occur when comet assay is used to estimate the level of DNA damage in the presence of germanium nanoparticles.     

Enhanced cellular radiosensitivity induced by cofilin-1 over-expression is associated with reduced DNA repair capacity

Abstract

Purpose: A previous report has indicated that over-expression of cofilin-1 (CFL-1), a member of the actin depolymerizing factor (ADF)/cofilin protein family, enhances cellular radiosensitivity. This study explores the involvement of various DNA damage responses and repair systems in the enhanced cellular radiosensitivity as well as assessing the role of CFL-1 phosphorylation in radiosensitivity.

Materials and methods: Human non-small lung cancer H1299 cells harboring a tet-on gene expression system were used to induce exogenous expression of wild-type CFL-1. Colony formation assays were used to determine cell survival after γ-ray exposure. DNA damage levels were determined by Comet assay. DNA repair capacity was assessed by fluorescence-based DNA repair analysis and antibody detection of various repair proteins. The effects of CFL-1 phosphorylation on radiation responses were explored using two mutant CFL-1 proteins, S3D and S3A. Finally, endogenous CFL-1 phosphorylation levels were investigated using latrunculin A (LA), cytochalasin B (CB) and Y27632.

Results: When phosphorylatable CFL-1 was expressed, radiosensitivity was enhanced after exposure to γ-rays and this was accompanied by DNA damage. Phosphorylated histone H2AX (γ-H2AX) and p53-binding protein-1 (53BP1) foci, as well as Chk1/2 phosphorylation, were apparently suppressed, although ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) kinase activation was apparently unaffected. In addition, two radiation-induced double-strand break (DSB) repair systems, namely homologous recombination repair (HRR) and non-homologous end joining (NHEJ), were suppressed. Moreover, over-expression of CFL-1 S3D and CFL-1 S3A both enhanced radiosensitivity. However, enhanced radiosensitivity and reduced γ-H2AX expression were only detected in cells treated with LA which increased endogenous phospho-CFL-1, and not in cells treated with Y27632, which dephosphorylates CFL-1.

Conclusion: CFL-1 over-expression enhances radiosensitivity and this is associated with reduced DNA repair capacity. Although phosphorylated CFL-1 seems to be involved in radiosensitivity, further studies are required to address the importance of CFL-1 activity to the regulation of radiosensitivity.     

微小RNA-223-3p通过调节MYH10基因促进巨核细胞多倍体化

目的 探讨微小RNA-223-3p(miR-223-3p)对巨核细胞分化和成熟的影响,并初步探索其中可能的机制.方法 通过实时定量PCR检测巨核细胞分化过程中miR-223-3p的内源性表达变化趋势,而后外源调节miR-223-3p在细胞系中的表达量,并通过流式细胞术检测其对于巨核细胞分化和成熟的影响,运用生物信息学分析,找到其发挥相关生物学作用的靶基因MYH10,并通过实时定量PCR、荧光素酶、流式细胞术验证MYH10是miR-223-3p的靶基因.结果 内源性miR-223-3p随着巨核细胞的分化成熟表达量增加,在K562和Meg-01细胞系中转染miR-223-3p mimics后可升高巨核细胞相关表面标志CD41和CD61的阳性率,同时显著促进多倍体的形成,MYH10的基因表达随miR-223-3p表达升高而下降,通过双荧光素酶报告基因技术验证MYH10基因是miR-223-3p的靶基因,进一步抑制MYH10基因表达后,可促进巨核细胞多倍体化.结论 miR-223-3p可通过调控MYH10的表达调节巨核细胞的成熟.     

Fibronectin and laminin increase resistance to ionizing radiation and the cytotoxic drug Ukrain® in human tumour and normal cells in vitro

Purpose: Cell–extracellular matrix (ECM) interactions are thought to mediate drug and radiation resistance. Dependence of cell survival, β1‐integrin expression and cell cycling on the ECM proteins and β1‐integrin ligands fibronectin (FN) and laminin (LA) were examined in malignant and normal cells exposed to the cytotoxic drug Ukrain plus/minus irradiation.

Materials and methods: Human A549 lung cancer and MDAMB231 (MDA231) breast cancer cells and normal fibroblasts (HSF1) grown on FN, LA, bovine serum albumin (BSA) or polystyrene were treated with Ukrain (1?µg?ml^?1, 24?h) plus/minus irradiation (2–8?Gy) and the effects studied using colony formation assays, flow cytometry (β1‐integrin, DNA analysis) and adhesion assays.

Results: FN and LA reduced the cytotoxic effect of single Ukrain treatment compared with polystyrene and BSA. FN and LA also abolished Ukrain‐dependent radiosensitization in A549 cells and decreased the radiosensitivity of MDA231 and HSF1 cells. Single Ukrain exposure on polystyrene significantly reduced β1‐integrin expression and promoted G2‐phase accumulation of A549 cells. In contrast, Ukrain‐treated MDA231 and HSF1 cells showed elevated β1‐integrin expression and no Ukrain‐specific cell cycle effect. Under Ukrain‐radiation exposure, irradiation, FN or LA abolished Ukrain‐mediated reduction of β1‐integrin expression and G2‐phase accumulation in A549 cells, whereas in MDA231 cells and fibroblasts β1‐integrin expression and cell cycle distribution were stabilized. Cell adhesion to FN or LA was significantly impaired (A549) or improved (MDA231, HSF1) upon Ukrain treatment.

Conclusions: The data corroborate the findings of other groups that cell adhesion‐mediated resistance to either single or combined drug and radiation exposure is tightly correlated to specific ECM proteins. By demonstrating a strong modulatory impact of FN and LA on the radiosensitivity‐modifying activity of the drug Ukrain, these findings are also highly important for the assessment of drug and radiation effects within in vitro cytotoxicity studies. The data give the first mechanistic insights into specific FN‐ and LA‐modulated cellular resistance mechanisms as well as into the important role for β1‐integrins using the unique cytotoxic and radiosensitivity‐modifying drug Ukrain.     

自噬活性的降低增加人鼻咽癌CNE-2细胞的放射敏感性

目的 研究自噬与人鼻咽癌CNE-2细胞放射敏感性之间的关系。方法 采用慢病毒介导的RNA干扰技术建立稳定沉默自噬相关基因ATG5的人鼻咽癌CNE-2细胞系,实验分为未转染的CNE-2细胞组(对照组)、转染NC-shRNA的CNE-2细胞组(NC组)及转染ATG5-shRNA的CNE-2细胞组(ATG5组),应用CCK-8法、流式细胞术及克隆形成实验检测细胞增殖、凋亡及放射敏感性的变化。结果 CCK-8实验结果显示,与对照组和NC组相比,各剂量点ATG5组的细胞存活率均显著降低(F=3.755、46.086、8.609、44.160,P<0.05),绘制细胞生存曲线可见下调ATG5的表达后可以增加CNE-2细胞的放射敏感性;流式细胞术结果显示,经6 Gy X射线照射后,ATG5组细胞的凋亡率较NC组及对照组明显升高(F=394.876,P<0.05);克隆形成实验结果提示沉默ATG5基因可增加鼻咽癌CNE-2细胞的放射敏感性。结论 降低鼻咽癌CNE-2细胞的自噬活性可以增强其放射敏感性。     

PI3K inhibition as a novel therapeutic strategy for neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy resistant oesophageal adenocarcinoma

Objective:Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (neo-CRT) prior to surgery is the standard of care for oesophageal adenocarcinoma (OAC) patients. Unfortunately, most patients fail to respond to treatment. MiR-187 was previously shown to be downregulated in neo-CRT non-responders, whist in vitro miR-187 overexpression enhanced radiosensitivity and upregulated PTEN. This study evaluates the role of miR-187 and downstream PI3K signalling in radiation response in OAC.Methods:The effect of miR-187 overexpression on downstream PI3K signalling was evaluated in OAC cell lines by qPCR and Western blotting. PTEN expression was analysed in OAC pre-treatment biopsies of neo-CRT responders and non-responders. Pharmacological inhibition of PI3K using GDC-0941 was evaluated in combination with radiotherapy in two-dimensional and three-dimensional OAC models in vitro and as a single agent in vivo. Radiation response in vitro was assessed via clonogenic assay.Results:PTEN expression was significantly decreased in neo-CRT non-responders. MiR-187 overexpression significantly upregulated PTEN expression and inhibited downstream PI3K signalling in vitro. GDC-0941 significantly reduced viability and enhanced radiation response in vitro and led to tumour growth inhibition as a single agent in vivo.Conclusion:Targeting of PI3K signalling is a promising therapeutic strategy for OAC patients who have repressed miR-187 expression and do not respond to conventional neo-CRT.Advances in knowledge:This is the first study evaluating the effect of PI3K inhibition on radiosensitivity in OAC, with a particular focus on patients that do not respond to neo-CRT. We have shown for the first time that targeting of PI3K signalling is a promising alternative therapeutic strategy for OAC patients who do not respond to conventional neo-CRT.     

HMGB1 increases radiosensitivity by interacting with HDAC1

Objective To study the nuclear protein association of high-mobility group box-1 (HMGB1) and histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1),and the effect of interaction on radiosensitivity in human breast cancer cells....