The effects of dehydrocostus lactone on osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells in redox changes and PI3K/Akt/CREB

Antimycin A (AMA) inhibits mitochondrial electron transport chain between cytochrome b and c. In the present study, we investigated the effects of dehydrocostus lactone on osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells in the presence of AMA with a focus on redox changes and PI3K/Akt/CREB signaling. AMA increased nitrotyrosin level and decreased NADPH level, activities of thioredoxin reductase, phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), and Akt (protein kinase B [PKB]), and phosphorylated cAMP-response element-binding protein (CREB). Pretreatment with dehydrocostus lactone prior to AMA exposure significantly prevented the loss of NADPH, production of nitrotyrosine, and thioredoxin reductase inactivation induced by AMA. Moreover, dehydrocostus lactone increased activities of PI3K and Akt, and CREB phosphorylation inhibited by AMA. These results suggest that antioxidant activity and PI3K/Akt/CREB activation are related to the protective effect of dehydrocostus lactone against osteoblast damage induced by AMA.     

PI3K/Akt和JAK2/STAT3信号转导通路在SO_2抗大鼠肢体缺血再灌注致急性肺损伤中的作用

目的:探讨PI3K/Akt和JAK2/STAT3信号转导通路在二氧化硫(SO2)抗肢体缺血再灌注(I/R)致急性肺损伤中的作用。方法:应用双大腿根部绑扎止血带复制大鼠双后肢缺血再灌注肺损伤模型。在再灌注前20 min腹腔注射Na2SO3/Na HSO3;在再灌注前1 h静脉注射Stattic或LY294002。应用TUNEL、ELISA、Western blot等方法检测细胞凋亡、细胞因子表达及相关信号通路蛋白表达的情况。结果:与对照组相比,I/R组的MDA及MPO含量、肺系数、细胞凋亡指数、细胞因子表达以及p-STAT3、p-Akt蛋白的水平均显著增高;当应用Na2SO3/Na HSO3后,上述反映肺损伤的各项指标均下降。Western blot检测结果显示I/R后,肺组织中p-STAT3和p-Akt蛋白的水平均明显增加。而应用Na2SO3/Na HSO3后,p-Akt蛋白的水平继续增加,但p-STAT3蛋白的水平却减少(P0.05)。结论:JAK2/STAT3和PI3K/Akt信号通路都参与了SO2抗肢体缺血再灌注致急性肺损伤的作用。JAK2/STAT3通路的活化,能够使I/R损伤加重;相反,PI3K/Akt信号通路的活化,可以使I/R损伤减弱。此外,JAK2/STAT3和PI3K/Akt信号通路之间存在交互作用。     

吡那地尔对缺血缺氧PC12细胞凋亡及p-CREB信号通路的影响

目的观察KATP通道开放剂吡那地尔对缺血缺氧PC12细胞凋亡的影响,探讨KATP通道开放剂对缺血缺氧PC12细胞凋亡的信号转导机制。方法取传代后3d的PC12细胞,分为正常对照组、缺血对照组、吡那地尔预处理组、吡那地尔+格列吡嗪处理组共4组。采用Annexin-VFITC/PI双染流式细胞分析仪检测凋亡率,应用Western-blotting检测p-CREB蛋白表达水平,观察KATP开放剂对缺血缺氧PC12细胞凋亡的保护作用。结果与缺血对照组相比,吡那地尔预处理组PC12细胞凋亡率明显降低(p0.05),吡那地尔预处理组PC12细胞p-CREB蛋白表达增加(p0.05)。结论 KATP通道开放剂吡那地尔能明显降低缺血缺氧后PC12细胞凋亡,增加p-CREB蛋白表达,CREB可能是KATP通道开放剂减少缺血缺氧后PC12细胞凋亡的途径之一。     

丝胶对2型糖尿病大鼠胰腺胰岛素PI3K-Akt信号通路的调节作用

目的探讨丝胶是否通过影响胰腺胰岛素PI3K-Akt信号通路发挥降血糖的作用。方法 36只雄性SD大鼠随机分为正常对照组、糖尿病模型组和丝胶治疗组,每组12只。采用高脂高糖饲料喂养联合链脲佐菌素(35mg/kg,2次,1次/d)连续腹腔注射法制作2型糖尿病大鼠模型,模型成功标准是空腹血糖≥11.1mmol/L。模型成功建立后,丝胶治疗组大鼠给予丝胶灌胃35d。采用ELISA法检测大鼠血清脂联素水平,Western blotting法和Real-time PCR法分别检测大鼠胰腺胰岛素受体(IR)、胰岛素受体底物-1(IRS-1)、磷脂酰肌醇-3-激酶(PI3K)和Akt蛋白和mRNA的表达情况。结果与糖尿病模型组比较,丝胶治疗组大鼠血清脂联素水平,胰腺IR、IRS-1、PI3K、Akt蛋白和mRNA的表达明显升高(P0.01,P0.05)。结论丝胶可通过上调糖尿病模型大鼠胰腺IR、IRS-1、PI3K和Akt的表达,改善糖尿病时胰腺胰岛素PI3K-Akt信号转导通路的异常,从而发挥降低血糖的作用。     

ROCK通过抑制PI3K/Akt通路促进高糖诱导的心肌细胞凋亡

目的:探讨Rho相关卷曲螺旋激酶(ROCK)是否通过调控PI3K/Akt信号通路参与高糖诱导的原代心肌细胞凋亡。方法:培养原代Wistar乳鼠心肌细胞,用α-横纹肌肌动蛋白(α-SCA)免疫组化法进行鉴定;建立心肌细胞高糖模型,采用5.5、33和40 mmol/L葡萄糖作用于细胞48 h。采用MTT法检测细胞活力;RT-qPCR检测各组心肌细胞中ROCK1和ROCK2的表达水平;流式细胞术检测各组心肌细胞的凋亡水平;Western blot检测ROCK1、ROCK2、cleaved caspase-3、Bcl-2、PI3K、Akt和p-Akt的蛋白水平;为了证实ROCKs对PI3K/Akt信号通路的调控作用,将细胞分为对照组(5.5 mmol/L葡萄糖处理细胞)、高糖组(33 mmol/L葡萄糖处理细胞)和高糖加Y27632(ROCK抑制剂)组,Western blot检测ROCK1、ROCK2、PI3K、Akt和p-Akt的蛋白水平。结果:高糖培养48 h后,33和40 mmol/L葡萄糖组细胞相对活力分别为(79.71±2.43)%和(68.41±7.49)%,与对照组相比显著降低(P<0.05)。各组细胞培养48 h后,33和40 mmol/L葡萄糖组ROCK1和ROCK2的mRNA相对表达量较对照组显著增加(P<0.05)。与对照组相比,33和40 mmol/L葡萄糖组细胞凋亡率均显著增加(P<0.05)。与对照组相比,33和40 mmol/L葡萄糖组的ROCK1和ROCK2蛋白表达增高(P<0.05),caspase-3活化片段的蛋白水平增加(P<0.05),Bcl-2的蛋白表达降低(P<0.05)。3组间心肌细胞PI3K与Akt蛋白水平的差异无统计学显著性,33和40 mmol/L葡萄糖组细胞p-Akt蛋白的水平较对照组降低(P<0.05)。与高糖组相比,高糖加Y27632组的ROCK1和ROCK2表达被抑制;3组间心肌细胞PI3K和Akt的蛋白水平差异无统计学显著性;与对照组相比,高糖组的p-Akt蛋白水平降低(P<0.05),高糖加Y27632组的p-Akt蛋白水平显著增加(P<0.05)。结论:高糖环境下,ROCK可能通过抑制PI3K/Akt信号通路,降低了p-Akt水平,从而促使心肌细胞凋亡的发生。     

黄芪甲苷与人参皂苷Rg1配伍对PC12细胞氧糖剥夺复糖复氧后细胞自噬和PI3K信号通路的影响

目的:探讨黄芪甲苷和人参皂苷Rg1配伍对PC12细胞氧糖剥夺后再复糖复氧(oxygen glucose deprivation/reoxygenation,OGD/R)诱导的细胞自噬的影响及作用机制。方法:以PC12细胞建立OGD/R自噬性损伤模型,观察黄芪甲苷与人参皂苷Rg1配伍对细胞自噬的影响,并通过PI3KⅠ/Akt/m TOR和PI3KⅢ/beclin-1/Bcl-2信号通路研究黄芪甲苷与人参皂苷Rg1配伍的作用机制。结果:氧糖剥夺2 h复糖复氧24 h后,PC12细胞内LC3-Ⅱ/LC3-Ⅰ蛋白比值增加。黄芪甲苷、人参皂苷Rg1及黄芪甲苷与人参皂苷Rg1配伍均能下调OGD/R后PC12细胞LC3-Ⅱ/LC3-Ⅰ蛋白比值,且配伍组的效应强于药物单用组。机制研究表明,人参皂苷Rg1单用及黄芪甲苷和人参皂苷Rg1配伍能升高PI3KⅠ、Akt、m TOR蛋白磷酸化水平,配伍的效应强于药物单用;黄芪甲苷单用及黄芪甲苷和人参皂苷Rg1配伍均能抑制PI3KⅢ、beclin-1蛋白表达,而配伍还能上调Bcl-2蛋白表达,且配伍的效应强于药物单用组。结论:PC12细胞在缺糖缺氧2 h再复糖复氧24 h后,细胞出现自噬;黄芪甲苷和人参皂苷Rg1均能减轻OGD/R诱导的PC12细胞自噬,且2者配伍对细胞自噬具有协同抑制作用,其机制可能与调节PI3KⅠ/Akt/m TOR和PI3KⅢ/beclin-1/Bcl-2信号通路有关。     

miRNA-7通过EGFR/PI3K/Akt通路抑制鼻咽癌5-8F细胞增殖

 目的:探讨过表达微小RNA（microRNA-7,miRNA-7）对鼻咽癌（nasopharyngeal carcinoma,NPC）5-8F细胞增殖能力的抑制作用及其与表皮生长因子受体（epidermal growth factor receptor,EGFR）/磷脂酰肌醇3-激酶（phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase,PI3K）/蛋白激酶B（protein kinase B,PKB,也称Akt）通路的关联情况。方法:利用脂质体试剂Lipofectamine 2000将miRNA-7模拟物转染入人鼻咽癌5-8F细胞中;采用real-time PCR法检测转染后各组细胞中miRNA-7的表达情况;CCK-8法检测细胞增殖能力变化;细胞平板克隆形成实验观察转染后细胞克隆能力变化情况;real-time PCR法检测EGFR/PI3K/Akt通路各mRNA表达水平的变化;Western blotting法检测EGFR/PI3K/AKT通路各蛋白表达水平的变化。结果:real-time PCR结果显示,转染miRNA-7模拟物组细胞中的miRNA-7表达水平显著高于无关序列组和空白对照组（P<0.01）;5-8F细胞转染miRNA-7模拟物后,细胞增殖和平板克隆能力均呈明显下降（P<0.01）;real-time PCR及Western blotting结果显示,转染组的5-8F细胞中EGFR/PI3K/Akt通路中各主要成员的mRNA及相应蛋白表达水平均有明显降低(P<0.01)。结论: 过表达miRNA-7可以显著降低鼻咽癌5-8F细胞中EGFR/PI3K/Akt通路各主要成员mRNA和蛋白的表达水平,进而显著抑制其增殖和平板克隆形成能力。     

枸杞多糖通过调控PI3K/Akt/eNOS信号通路对去卵巢大鼠心肌产生抗氧化作用

目的:观察枸杞多糖对去卵巢大鼠心肌PI3K/Akt/e NOS信号通路的影响。方法:将30只SD雌性大鼠随机分为假手术组、去卵巢组、补佳乐组、枸杞多糖高剂量组及枸杞多糖低剂量组,ELISA法比较各组血清雌激素、LDH及CK水平,检测心肌H_2S含量及氧化应激损伤相关指标,HE染色观察各组心肌的形态变化,Western blot法检测各组大鼠心肌e NOS蛋白及PI3K/Akt通路蛋白的表达。结果:与假手术组相比,去卵巢组大鼠血清雌二醇水平降低,心肌H_2S含量和GSH-Px活性下降,心肌e NOS蛋白及PI3K/Akt通路蛋白的表达均有所降低,心肌ROS活性和MDA含量升高(P0.05),心肌细胞排列紊乱,细胞间隙增大,血清LDH和CK活性均增多;与去卵巢组比较,枸杞多糖高剂量组大鼠血清雌二醇含量增加(P0.05),心肌H_2S含量、GSH-Px活性、e NOS蛋白及Akt磷酸化水平均提高,心肌ROS活性和MDA含量下降(P0.05),血清LDH和CK活性均降低,并且改善大鼠心肌形态的变化。结论:枸杞多糖可以通过调控PI3K/Akt/e NOS通路改善去卵巢大鼠心脏变化防治绝经后心血管病变。     

PI3K/Akt/eNOS信号通路在葛根素抑制ox-LDL诱导的血管内皮细胞组织因子表达中的作用

目的:探讨磷脂酰肌醇3-激酶/蛋白激酶B/内皮型一氧化氮合酶(PI3K/Akt/eNOS)信号通路在葛根素(puerarin)抑制氧化型低密度脂蛋白(oxidized low-density lipoprotein,ox-LDL)诱导的血管内皮细胞组织因子(tissue factor,TF)表达中的作用。方法:实时荧光定量PCR检测TF的mRNA表达,Western blot检测TF和Akt的蛋白表达,硝酸盐还原酶法检测一氧化氮(nitric oxide,NO)含量。结果:与对照组相比,ox-LDL孵育内皮细胞后,内皮细胞TF的mRNA和蛋白表达升高,Akt蛋白磷酸化水平降低,细胞内NO产生减少;而葛根素预孵育内皮细胞1 h后,再用ox-LDL孵育,内皮细胞TF mRNA和蛋白表达下降,Akt蛋白磷酸化升高,细胞内NO产生增多;PI3K抑制剂LY294002和葛根素共同预孵育内皮细胞1 h后,再用ox-LDL孵育,内皮细胞TF的mRNA和蛋白表达升高,Akt蛋白磷酸化降低,细胞内NO产生减少;eNOS抑制剂NG-硝基-L-精氨酸甲酯(L-NAME)和葛根素共同预孵育内皮细胞,也明显阻断葛根素对ox-LDL诱导的内皮细胞TF mRNA和蛋白表达、细胞Akt蛋白磷酸化和细胞内NO产生的作用。结论:葛根素可通过上调PI3K/Akt/eNOS信号通路抑制ox-LDL诱导的人脐静脉内皮细胞TF mRNA和蛋白表达。     

PI3K/Akt调控内质网应激对GRP78的诱导

目的: 研究内质网应激条件下PI3K/Akt信号通路对HEK293细胞中葡萄糖调节蛋白78(GRP78)表达水平的调控作用。方法: 采用PI3K抑制剂LY294002、Akt1失活型突变载体Akt1(K179M)及Akt siRNAs阻断内质网应激介导的Akt活化,采用Akt激活型突变载体Myr-Akt过度激活内质网应激介导的Akt活化,并利用RT-PCR和Western blotting技术分析内质网应激条件下PI3K/Akt信号途径对HEK293细胞中GRP78表达水平的调控作用。结果: LY294002、Akt1(K179M)及Akt1 siRNA均明显抑制了内质网应激对GRP78的诱导。Myr-Akt1明显促进内质网应激对GRP78的诱导。Myr-Akt2/3及Akt2/3 siRNA对GRP78的诱导均无影响。PI3K/Akt信号通路阻断或过度激活对GRP78 mRNA水平的诱导无影响,但是对GRP78的降解有显著影响。结论: HEK293细胞中,PI3K/Akt通过蛋白稳定性调节促进内质网应激对GRP78的诱导。     

Insensitivity of PI3K/Akt/GSK3 signaling in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of age-related macular degeneration patients

Our recent studies with cultured retinal pigment epithelium cells suggested that overexpression of interleukin 17 receptor C (IL-17RC), a phenomenon observed in peripheral blood and chorioretinal tissues with age-related macular degeneration (AMD), was associated with altered activation of phosphatidylinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), Akt, and glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3). We wondered whether or not altered PI3K, Akt, and GSK3 activities could be detected in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) obtained from AMD patients. In the patients' PBMC, absentor reduced serine-phosphorylation of GSK3α or GSK3β was observed, which was accompanied with increased phosphorylation of GSK3 substrates (e.g. CCAAT enhancer binding protein α, insulin receptor substrate 1, and TAU), indicative of enhanced GSK3 activation. In addition, decreased protein mass of PI3K85α and tyrosinephosphorylation of PI3K50α was present in PBMC of the AMD patients, suggesting impaired PI3K activation. Moreover, abnormally lowered molecular weight forms of Akt and GSK3 were detected in PBMC of the AMD patients. These data demonstrate that despite the presence of high levels of IL-17RC, Wnt-3a and vascular endothelial growth factor, the PI3K/Akt/GSK3 signaling pathway is insensitive to these stimuli in PBMC of the AMD patients. Thus, measurement of PI3K/Akt/GSK3 expression and activity in PBMC may serve as a surrogate biomarker for AMD.     

PI3K/Akt信号通路在脓毒症肾脏损伤诱导的自噬中的调节作用*

 目的：研究脓毒症造成肾脏损伤时的自噬情况以及磷脂酰肌醇3-激酶（PI3K）/蛋白激酶B(Akt)信号通路的调节作用。方法：对大鼠盲肠进行结扎与穿刺（CLP）,对肾脏组织切片进行HE染色,并测定血清尿素氮和肌酐。通过Western blotting定量分析CLP大鼠肾脏损伤发生后不同时点自噬相关分子微管相关蛋白轻链3（LC3）Ⅰ/Ⅱ、beclin-1和Akt蛋白磷酸化的表达情况;体外用LPS诱导人近端肾小管上皮细胞株HK-2发生自噬,检测不同浓度LPS和不同刺激时间自噬相关分子LC3Ⅰ/Ⅱ和Akt蛋白磷酸化的表达情况;进一步使用PI3K抑制剂、Akt抑制剂和LPS刺激HK-2细胞观察自噬相关蛋白的表达情况及细胞的凋亡水平。结果：同对照组相比,CLP大鼠显微镜下可见肾损伤的典型病理改变,血清尿素氮和肌酐均有上升。CLP肾脏损伤发生后,自噬相关蛋白LC3Ⅰ/Ⅱ、beclin-1含量及Akt磷酸化水平均有上升。LPS刺激HK-2细胞后,随着刺激浓度的增加,p-Akt(308)表达量逐渐提高,而LC3Ⅰ/Ⅱ及p-Akt(472)的表达量在10 mg/L LPS刺激组最高。随着刺激时间的延长,p-Akt(308)表达量逐渐提高;LC3Ⅰ/Ⅱ表达量同p-Akt(472)在刺激8 h时最高;使用PI3K抑制剂及Akt抑制剂后,LPS诱导的LC3表达显著下调,HK-2细胞凋亡明显增加。结论：CLP肾脏损伤发生时可以诱导自噬发生, PI3K／Akt信号通路在其中发挥重要调节作用。     

Resveratrol inhibits the development of obesity-related osteoarthritis via the TLR4 and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways

ABSTRACT

Aim of the study: Obesity leads to mild, chronic inflammation which is a primary risk factor for osteoarthritis (OA). Resveratrol exerts a protective effect on OA through its anti-inflammatory properties, but the precise mechanism remains unknown. The present study aimed to investigate the mechanism by which resveratrol alleviates obesity-related OA, and whether it is linked to the TLR4 and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways.

Materials and methods: C57BL/6J male mice were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) with or without resveratrol treatment and knee joints were collected for analysis. In addition, IL-1β-induced SW1353 cells were used to study in vitro the reciprocal effects of TLR4 and PI3K/Akt pathways.

Results: Resveratrol inhibited the development of OA in mice fed a HFD. TLR4 and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways were both activated in the articular cartilage; resveratrol treatment down-regulated TLR4 but up-regulated PI3K/Akt signaling. Further in vitro results showed that the effect of resveratrol alone on activation of PI3K/Akt was attenuated but not abolished by the TLR4 inhibitor CLI-095, and resveratrol failed to reduce TLR4 protein expression in IL-1β stimulated cells pretreated with the PI3K inhibitor LY294002.

Conclusions: Resveratrol may exert an anti-osteoarthritic effect by inhibiting TLR4 via the activation of PI3K/Akt signaling pathways. Resveratrol has potential as a drug for OA prevention.     

高脂膳食和跑台运动构建模型大鼠腓肠肌葡萄糖转运体4和cAMP反应元件结合蛋白的变化

BACKGROUND: Some studies indicate that PI3K/Akt signaling pathway is associated with the expression of glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) and the function of cAMP response element binding protein (CREB) in skeletal muscle. However, it is still unclear whether PI3K/Akt signaling pathway has the effects on CREB and GLUT4 in skeletal muscle of the rats with high-fat diet and treadmill exercise. OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether PI3K/Akt signaling pathway has the effects on CREB and GLUT4 in gastrocnemius muscle of the rats with high-fat diet and treadmill exercise.  METHODS: A total of 70 rats were fed with normal diet for 2 weeks, and randomly divided into common feed group (n=20) and high-fat feed group (n=50). Rats in both groups were respectively fed with common feed and high-fat feed for 8 weeks. The rats in the common feed group were equally assigned to common feed quiet group and common feed exercise group. 20 rats from the high-fat feed group whose body weight was 1.4 times of common rats were randomly and equally assigned to obese quiet group and obese exercise group. Rats in the quiet groups did not do exercises. Rats in the exercise groups received adaptive sports for 1 week and medium-intensity treadmill exercise for 8 weeks.  RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Impairments of PI3K/Akt signaling pathway appeared in obese rats, however, the quantity of GLUT4 expression did not change obviously in gastrocnemius muscles of obese rats. The reasons for the decrease of the nuclear protein CREB level of gastrocnemius muscles of obese rats might be related to the decrease of pAkt-Ser473 level. (2) The increase of the quantity of GLUT4 expression was accompanied by significantly up-regulated pAkt-Ser473 level by exercise intervention in gastrocnemius muscles of obese rats. Exercise intervention significantly increased the expression of nuclear protein CREB in gastrocnemius muscles of chow-fed rats and obese rats, which was consistent with the changes of pAkt-Ser473. These findings suggest that pAkt-Ser473 can play an important role in the effects of high-fat diet and exercise intervention on GLUT4 and CREB protein expression in gastrocnemius muscles of obese rats.       

骨碎补总黄酮依赖PI3K/Akt通路与牙髓干细胞的成骨分化

背景：PI3K/Akt通路可能在骨碎补总黄酮促成骨分化作用中发挥重要调控作用。 目的：观察骨碎补总黄酮对大鼠牙髓干细胞成骨分化的影响,并对PI3K/Akt通路在其中的作用进行初步探讨。 方法：采用组织块消化法获得大鼠牙髓细胞,克隆化分离培养大鼠牙髓干细胞并进行鉴定。在培养体系中加入不同质量浓度(0.01,0.05,0.1 g/L)的骨碎补总黄酮,观察各组细胞的碱性磷酸酶水平及钙结节形成情况,并用Western Blot法检测各组细胞磷酸化Akt的表达变化。 结果与结论：分离得到的牙髓干细胞的细胞表面标志CD44和CD29呈阳性表达,而CD34表达呈阴性。骨碎补总黄酮组牙髓干细胞的碱性磷酸酶活性、钙结节形成能力和磷酸化Akt蛋白相对表达量增加,较空白对照组差异有显著性意义,且随骨碎补总黄酮质量浓度的增加而升高,表现出一定浓度和时间依赖性。说明骨碎补总黄酮对大鼠牙髓干细胞成骨分化具有促进作用,且该作用可能是依赖PI3K/Akt通路所介导的。     

过表达脑红蛋白通过激活PI3K/Akt信号通路防治AD的体外研究

 目的:探索过表达脑红蛋白（neuroglobin,NGB）对转染了pAPPswe的SH-SY5Y细胞的神经保护作用及机制。方法: 成功构建过表达NGB的质粒pEGFP-NGB并转染入已预先转染了pAPPswe的SH-SY5Y细胞,MTT法检测过表达NGB对该细胞存活率的影响;JC-1法检测其对细胞线粒体膜电位的影响;流式细胞术检测过表达NGB对细胞凋亡的影响;Western blotting法检测其对细胞中p-Akt、 Akt和caspase-3/9表达的影响;ELISA法检测其对细胞内Aβ42生成的影响。结果: MTT结果显示,与对照组和空质粒组比较,转染NGB后,pAPPswe-SH-SY5Y细胞的存活率明显提高,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。JC-1染色结果显示过表达NGB能够明显抑制转染pAPPswe对SH-SY5Y细胞线粒体膜电位的降低作用（P<0.05）。流式细胞术结果显示过表达NGB能够抑制早、晚期细胞的凋亡。而Western blotting显示过表达NGB不仅能抑制细胞内caspase-3和caspase-9蛋白水平的表达,而且还能够促进细胞内p-Akt蛋白的表达,而这种促进作用能够被PI3K/Akt的抑制剂LY294002所抑制。ELISA结果显示过表达NGB能够明显抑制细胞内Aβ42的生成。结论: 过表达NGB能够显著抑制pAPPswe诱导的细胞损伤,而且还抑制与细胞凋亡密切相关的caspase-3和caspase-9等蛋白表达。NGB的神经保护作用可能是通过激活PI3K/Akt信号通路来实现的。     

PI3K / Akt 通路调节LPS 诱导的小胶质细胞内HSPA12B 表达

目的:探讨PI3K/ Akt 通路对内毒素脂多糖(Lipopolysaccharide,LPS)诱导的小胶质细胞内热休克蛋白A12B(Heat shock proteins A 12B,HSPA12B)表达的影响。方法:体外培养小胶质细胞,并分三组处理:对照组、0.1 μg/ ml LPS 刺激组、PI3K/ Akt 通路抑制LPS 刺激组。Western blot 法检测小胶质细胞内HSPA12B 和Akt 磷酸化的蛋白水平表达,间接免疫荧光标记法检测HSPA12B 在小胶质细胞中的细胞表达定位。结果:LPS 刺激2 h 后,小胶质细胞内HSPA12B 和Akt 磷酸化的表达增加;应用LY294002 预处理后,LPS 诱导HSPA12B 蛋白水平表达显著抑制。免疫细胞荧光染色证明小胶质细胞LPS 组HSPA12B 核周荧光强度明显增强,LY294002 预处理组HSPA12B 荧光强度明显减弱。结论:PI3K/ Akt 途径参与调控LPS 诱导小胶质细胞HSPA12B 表达。     

Propofol pretreatment attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury in rats by activating the phosphoinositide-3-kinase/Akt pathway

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of propofol pretreatment on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute lung injury (ALI) and the role of the phosphoinositide-3-kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/Akt) pathway in this procedure. Survival was determined 48 h after LPS injection. At 1 h after LPS challenge, the lung wet- to dry-weight ratio was examined, and concentrations of protein, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were determined using the bicinchoninic acid method or ELISA. Lung injury was assayed via lung histological examination. PI3K and p-Akt expression levels in the lung tissue were determined by Western blotting. Propofol pretreatment prolonged survival, decreased the concentrations of protein, TNF-α, and IL-6 in BALF, attenuated ALI, and increased PI3K and p-Akt expression in the lung tissue of LPS-challenged rats, whereas treatment with wortmannin, a PI3K/Akt pathway specific inhibitor, blunted this effect. Our study indicates that propofol pretreatment attenuated LPS-induced ALI, partly by activation of the PI3K/Akt pathway.     

Picroside II protects cardiomyocytes from hypoxia/reoxygenation-induced apoptosis by activating the PI3K/Akt and CREB pathways

Picroside II, an iridoid glucoside found in the root of Picrorhiza scrophulariiflora Pennell (Scrophulariaceae), has been demonstrated to reduce apoptosis in neuronal cells and other cell types. However, whether picroside II has a protective effect against cardiomyocyte apoptosis is poorly understood. In the present study, we investigated the cardioprotective role of picroside II and the underlying mechanisms in hypoxia/reoxygenation-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis. The pretreatment with picroside II markedly attenuated hypoxia/reoxygenation-induced cell damage dose-dependently, which was evident by the increased cell viability and the corresponding decrease in lactate dehydrogenase release (LDH). The pretreatment with picroside II inhibited apoptosis confirmed by Annexin V-FITC staining, Hoechst 33258 nuclear staining and by assessment of caspase-3 activity. In addition, we found that picroside II not only increased the expression of Bcl-2, while decreasing Bax expression, but also augmented Akt and cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) phosphorylation and ultimately inhibited hypoxia/reoxygenation-induced apoptosis. Furthermore, the protective effects of picroside II were abrogated by pretreatment of the cells with wortmannin or LY294002, a specific PI3K inhibitor. The present study suggests that picroside II inhibits hypoxia/reoxygenation-induced apoptosis in cardiomyocytes by activating the PI3K/Akt and CREB pathways and modulating expression of Bcl-2 and Bax.