长期饮用牛奶对雄性大鼠生殖功能的影响

目的 通过2代繁殖实验研究长期饮用牛奶对雄性大鼠生殖功能的影响.方法 牛奶组及对照组4周龄SD大鼠,雌雄各20只.牛奶组饲喂牛奶组饲料和市售纯牛奶,对照组饲喂对照组饲料.实验开始10周后合笼,产下子一代（F1）和子二代（F2）后处死雄性大鼠,分别记录雄性大鼠生长发育情况、精子水平、激素水平、子代活产数等指标.结果 亲代牛奶组雄鼠血液中促黄体生成激素（LH）（0.43±0.17）U/L低于对照组（0.72±0.26）U/L,子二代F2b活产数对照组（17.00±2.94）只高于牛奶组（13.10±3.57）只,亲代牛奶组大鼠体重在第12周（476.62±38.70）g低于对照组（515.37±37.59）g,差异均有统计学意义;各器官的脏器系数、精子和生育相关指标在两代的两组间差异均无统计学意义.结论 未发现长期饮用牛奶对雄性大鼠生殖功能有明显影响,牛奶对亲、子代体内激素水平和子代活产数的作用有待进一步确认.     

丙烯腈对雄性大鼠生殖功能的影响

目的探讨丙烯腈(ACN)亚慢性染毒对雄性大鼠生殖功能的影响.方法分别以0、10、20、40mg/kgACN灌胃染毒雄性Wistar大鼠13周,测定与精子形成有关的酶,并于染毒12周末进行交配实验,分析ACN对雄性大鼠生殖功能的影响.结果 ACN染毒13周,10 mg/kg组乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)及其同工酶LDH-X活力分别为(2.161±0.395)U/mg pro和(0.289±0.163)U/mg pro,比对照组[(1.822±0.263)U/mg pro和(0.185±0.054)U/mg pro]明显增高,差异有显著性(P<0.05),而酸性磷酸酶(ACP)、碱性磷酸酶(AKP)、山梨醇脱氢酶(SDH)活力比对照组略有升高,但差异无显著性(P>0.05);40 mg/kg组LDH及LDH-X[(1.789±0.286)U/mg pro和(0 150±0.035)U/mg pro]、ACP、SDH活力与对照组比较,差异均无显著性(P>0.05);附睾中LDH及LDH-X活力呈现与睾丸中一致的变化,但各组与对照组比较,差异亦无显著性(P>0.05).交配实验结果表明,各剂量组之间雌鼠受孕率、雄鼠生育指数、交配率差异均无显著性(P>0.05),剂量为40mg/kg时,孕鼠每窝平均活胎数为5.88,明显低于对照组(7.73),差异有显著性(P<0.05),胎吸收率为19.66%,明显高于对照组(7.61%),差异有显著性(P<0.05).结论丙烯腈灌胃染毒13周,睾丸、附睾中与精子发生及成熟有关酶的活力在10 mg/kg时可出现应激性升高,40mg/kg剂量下雄性大鼠的生殖功能可受到影响.     

氰戊菊酯对雄性大鼠生殖系统的时间毒性

目的研究农药氰戊菊酯(Fen)对雄性生殖功能系统的时间毒性及机制。方法选择健康雄性SD大鼠49只,以光照起点时间定为ZT 0,将自然时间转换为授时时间(ZT)。将大鼠分为对照组和6个Fen染毒组。Fen染毒组:以mg/kg BW的灌胃剂量分别在ZT 02、ZT 06、ZT 10、ZT 14、ZT 18、ZT 22授时时间点给药,连续30d;对照组给予等量食用调和油。制作睾丸HE病理切片,测定每日精子生成量(DSP)、检测精子活率(LSR)、畸形率(ASR)及睾丸标志酶(ACP和γ-GT)活性,应用RIA法测定大鼠睾丸中的睾酮(T)和雌二醇(E2)水平。结果 (1)与对照组相比,Fen引起大鼠睾丸组织病理性改变,且在ZT 18时损伤最为严重;Fen降低了雄性大鼠每日精子生成量、精子活率、睾丸标志酶活性和睾酮含量,增加了雌二醇含量和精子畸形率。(2)Fen引起大鼠雄性生殖指标每日精子生成量、精子活率、睾丸磷酸酶活性的变化具有昼夜节律性,其敏感时间点分别为:ZT 04、ZT 14、ZT 23。结论 Fen对雄性生殖指标具有毒性并在每日精子生成量、精子活率、睾丸磷酸酶活性中表现出一定的昼夜时间节律性。     

燃煤型氟中毒对雌鼠卵巢生殖功能影响

目的 动态观察燃煤型氟中毒对雌鼠卵巢生殖功能影响。方法 SD雌鼠自由食用织金病区原煤烘烤的玉米饲料复制燃煤型氟中毒动物模型;动态观察雌鼠染氟期间牙齿的变化情况;测定大鼠尿氟、骨氟含量;分离卵巢计算卵巢系数,光镜下观察卵巢组织形态、各级卵泡及黄体的数量变化;于不同时间段(60、120、180 d)动情期处死雌鼠,分离血清,放射免疫法检测血清中雌二醇含量。结果 与对照组比较,随染氟时间增加,染氟组雌鼠尿氟与骨氟含量明显升高,呈时间效应关系;各染氟组雌鼠卵巢卵泡颗粒细胞呈现渐进性水肿变化,闭锁卵泡和黄体退化逐渐增多,成熟卵泡偶见;与对照组比较,中氟组雌鼠染氟180 d闭锁卵泡数量[(24.700±4.138)个]与高氟组雌鼠染氟120、180 d时闭锁卵泡数量[分别为(24.200±3.706)、(25.000±4.714)个]明显升高(P<0.05);与对照组比较,染氟60 d时,中、高氟组雌鼠血清中雌二醇含量[分别为(43.875±7.180)、(45.625±5.780)pmol/L]升高(P<0.05)。结论 燃煤型氟中毒对雌鼠卵巢具有毒性作用,其机制可能与加速各级卵泡退化、闭锁、导致卵泡颗粒细胞水肿、卵泡细胞受损,进而影响雌二醇合成和分泌有关。     

溴丙烷两种同分异构体对雄性大鼠生殖系统的影响

目的了解溴丙烷两种同分异构体对雄性大鼠的生殖毒性和初步的毒性机制。方法将18只SPF级SD大鼠随机分为对照组、1-溴丙烷组(1g/kg)和2-溴丙烷组(1g/kg),连续腹腔注射1周。对附睾的精子数量和形态进行评价;HE和PAS染色评价睾丸的病理变化;运用TUNEL染色法和caspase-3活性的免疫组化法评价睾丸的细胞凋亡损伤;利用化学比色法对谷胱甘肽(GSH)、丙二醛(MDA)和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)等氧化应激指标进行测量。结果溴丙烷导致睾丸重量下降、精子数量减少和精子形态异常比例增加。与对照组比较,1-溴丙烷显著增加大鼠睾丸谷胱甘肽还原酶(GR)活性(7.42±2.98vs.4.25±1.18)、附睾的MDA含量(0.49±0.20vs.0.39±0.08)和SOD活性(91.87±3.93vs.80.59±9.92)(均P0.05);2-溴丙烷显著升高睾丸和附睾的MDA含量(0.42±0.07vs.0.24±0.11;0.48±0.08vs.0.39±0.08),降低GSH含量(6.35±1.86vs.10.89±3.69),以及附睾谷胱甘肽转移酶(GST)(53.21±9.60vs.61.98±10.41)及GR活性(2.48±1.21vs.7.75±8.56)(均P0.05)。1-溴丙烷的病理切片除观察到睾丸生精小管的精子释放延迟外,未见其他病理变化,而2-溴丙烷的暴露使生精小管出现萎缩和空泡,生殖细胞发生减少、坏死。伴随着2-溴丙烷引起的睾丸病理变化,TUNEL标记结果显示每小管睾丸凋亡细胞数、凋亡百分比和凋亡指数明显高于对照组(17.72±4.59vs.5.92±1.05,P0.05;0.34±0.14vs.0.10±0.02,P0.05;6.64±3.40vs.0.59±0.20,P0.01),与1-溴丙烷组相比,凋亡百分比(0.34±0.14vs.0.12±0.03)和凋亡指数(6.64±3.40vs.0.76±0.21)明显升高(P0.05)。2-溴丙烷暴露使caspase-3活性增强,与对照组和1-溴丙烷组相比,平均每生精小管的阳性细胞数和caspase-3阳性百分比有明显的升高(均P0.01)。结论溴丙烷的两种同分异构体对雄性大鼠有一定的毒性,两种同分异构体可能具有不同的毒性机制,2-溴丙烷的毒性可能高于1-溴丙烷。     

Effects of Pistacia atlantica on Oxidative Stress Markers and Antioxidant Enzymes Expression in Diabetic Rats

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus (DM) affects many patients all over the world. It involves different parts of the body, such as brain, eyes, kidneys, vessels, and so on. The lack of balance between free radicals and antioxidants is a possible mechanism involved in the pathogenesis of diabetes. Antioxidant treatment, especially natural forms, can be a beneficial solution. Therefore, we evaluated the effects of Pistacia atlantica oleoresin (PAO) on oxidative stress markers and antioxidant enzymes expression in diabetic rats.

Method: Fifty adult male Wistar rats were allotted randomly into five groups as follow: control group, diabetic control group, glibenclamide control group, diabetic glibenclamide group, diabetic treated group with 200?mg/kg PAO. Then PAO was prepared and analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy (GC/MS). LD50 was also estimated for essential oil. Oxidative stress markers and antioxidant enzyme including malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), catalase (CAT), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were also measured. The expression of GPx, CAT, and SOD genes was investigated using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR).

Results: The main constituents of essential oil gum were beta-pinene (29.38%), followed by alpha-pinene (18.15%), myrcene (7.36%), trans-pinocarveol (7.15%), and camphene (4.12%). Diabetes induced an increased level of MDA (69.92?±?3.92 vs. 43.76?±?3.73) and decreased levels of GSH (2.57?±?0.40 vs. 7.05?±?1.59), GPx (11.66?±?2.2 vs. 16.38?±?2.1), CAT (12.17?±?3.38 vs. 18.7?±?2.66), and SOD (0.78?±?0.67 vs. 2.41?±?0.46). In contrast, PAO treatment significantly decreased MDA (54.59?±?12.54 vs. 69.92?±?3.92) and increased GSH (4.5?±?0.89 vs. 2.57?±?0.40), GPx (25.86?±?5.37 vs. 11.66?±?2.2), CAT (22.69?±?0.36 vs. 12.17?±?3.38), and SOD (3.65?±?1.08 vs. 0.78?±?0.67) (p?<?0.05). Moreover, our results indicated that both GPx and CAT mRNA levels significantly increased approximately 4.46 and 6.23 times in rats fed with 200?mg/kg of PAO, more than that of the healthy control group, respectively (p?<?0.01 and p?<?0.001, respectively). Also, the average expression level of SOD was also significantly 1.57 higher in rats fed with 200?mg/kg of PAO in comparison to the diabetic control group (p?<?0.05).

Conclusion: The results indicated that PAO could be propose as an agent that protects the body against diseases that are associated with oxidative stress.     

锌对大鼠生殖毒性的影响

为观察锌摄入对大鼠生殖功能的影响。结果显示 ,连续 60天给予低剂量 12mg kg、中剂量 12 0mg kg的锌可使雄性大鼠精子的数目和精子的活动度升高 ,大鼠生殖功能提高 ,高剂量 2 40mg kg的锌可造成生殖系统损伤 ,致使生殖功能的降低 ,但未见影响子代的生长和发育。提示高剂量的锌对雄性大鼠生殖系统有一定的损伤     

醋酸铅暴露对雄性大鼠心血管系统功能的影响

目的探讨醋酸铅经口暴露对雄性大鼠心血管系统功能的影响。方法 40只SPF级Wistar雄性大鼠随机分为低、中、高3个醋酸铅剂量组灌胃法染毒(分别给予45、90、180 mg/kg醋酸铅),对照组(灌服等量蒸馏水),每组10只,每周5次,共染毒60 d。每组随机选取6只大鼠,尾袖法测定末次染毒12 h后血压和心率水平;末次染毒24 h后摘眼球收集血液,脱颈处死大鼠,分离心脏和胸主动脉。石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定全血血铅水平;全自动生化分析仪测定外周血血清心肌酶水平;酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)检测外周血血清氧化应激指标GSH、SOD和MDA水平;HE染色法观察大鼠心脏和胸主动脉组织病理学变化。结果染毒之初各组大鼠体重差异无统计学意义,随染毒时间增加,与对照组相比,各染毒组大鼠体重增长量呈下降趋势;各染毒组大鼠血铅水平均显著高于对照组(P0.05),且与染毒剂量呈显著正相关(r=0.614,P0.05);染毒组大鼠收缩压(SBP)水平均显著高于对照组(P0.05),舒张压、平均动脉压和心率在各组间差异无统计学意义(P0.05);中、高剂量染毒组大鼠CKMB和C反应蛋白(CRP)水平显著高于对照组,各染毒组大鼠外周血血清LDH和HBDH水平均显著高于对照组(P0.05),MDA水平显著高于对照组(P0.01),低、中剂量染毒组大鼠GSH水平低于对照组(P0.05);病理组织学检查发现,随醋酸铅染毒剂量的增加,大鼠心肌细胞肥大,胞核染色变深,变形、聚集,排列紊乱,心肌间质增宽,并出现炎细胞浸润,心肌纤维多处肿胀断裂,肌横纹消失;胸主动脉未见明显病理变化。结论醋酸铅暴露可引起雄性大鼠的血压升高、心肌酶谱改变及氧化损伤,直接损伤心肌组织。     

芥子气对雄性大鼠生殖毒性影响

目的 探讨芥子气对雄性大鼠生殖毒性的影响.方法 雄性SD大鼠40只,芥子气染毒后存活的大鼠与正常雌性大鼠交配,其子代雄性大鼠与正常雌性大鼠交配,交配后处死雄性大鼠,取其附睾,检测精子数量,精子存活率,精子畸形率.同时记录大鼠的交配时间,产仔数量,仔鼠死亡率及仔鼠性别.结果 染毒后存活的大鼠交配时间明显长于对照组,其精子数量明显减少,精子存活率降低,畸形率升高;子一代大鼠数量及存活率均明显低于正常对照组,其精子数量未见明显异常,精子存活率降低,畸形率明显高:子二代大鼠数量未见明显异常,死亡率明显高于对照组.2代仔鼠与对照组性别比较,性别差异无统计学意义.结论 芥子气对雄性大鼠的生殖功能有严重损伤,这种损害是长期的,并可传代.     

双酚A对雄性大鼠生殖系统的影响

目的探讨双酚A(BPA)对青春期雄性大鼠生殖系统的影响。方法30只雄性Wistar大鼠,随机分为3组,每组10只。每隔1d腹腔注射低剂量〔1mg/kg·bw〕和高剂量〔25mg/(kg·bw)〕BPA染毒8周,对照组给予等体积溶剂丙二醇。测大鼠体重、睾丸和附睾湿重并计算睾丸/体重比值、附睾/体重比值;观察睾丸、附睾组织学结构的变化;计数附睾尾精子数;应用放射免疫法测定血清性激素水平。结果与对照组比较,低剂量和高剂量BPA组大鼠的体重均下降:高剂量组大鼠死亡2只,睾丸、附睾湿重降低,睾丸/体重比值升高,精子计数减少;光镜下可见睾丸间质水肿,附睾间质血管扩张。结论双酚A可能对青春期雄性大鼠体重、生殖系统的发育及精子发生有不良影响。     

应激影响女性生殖内分泌功能机制的研究进展

躯体和心理应激均能激活下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺轴,并在下丘脑、垂体、卵巢3个水平影响女性生殖内分泌功能.其机制与应激引起的促肾上腺皮质激素释放激素、糖皮质激素、β-内啡肽过度释放等密切相关,而个体对应激的敏感性和中枢5-羟色胺能及γ-氨基丁酸能神经活性有关.     

低剂量亚慢性砷染毒对雄性大鼠生殖功能及子代的影响

目的探讨低剂量砷染毒对雄性大鼠生殖毒性及胚胎发育毒性的影响。方法健康普通级雄性sD大鼠48只,按体质量随机分为4组,分别饮用含亚砷酸钠0（蒸馏水组）、0．01（低剂量组）、0．05（中剂量组）和0．25mg／L（高剂量组）的水。染毒12周后,与正常成年雌性大鼠按1：2合笼,确定雌鼠怀孕后,处死雄鼠取其附睾丸,观察雄性大鼠精子畸形并用原子荧光谱法测定其血砷和精液砷浓度。于妊娠第20天处死雌鼠,观察雌雄交配受孕情况、受精卵着床数、活胎数、死胎数、吸收胎数及胚胎的生长发育情况。结果染毒12周后,低、中、高剂量组与蒸馏水组大鼠的体重分别为（347．6±18．7）、（308．3±19．2）、（301．4±17．4）和（316．7±17．7）g,低剂量组体重较蒸馏水组增加,高剂量组体重较蒸馏水组降低,差异均有统计学意义;精子数量分别为（9．7±0．8）、（5．5±0．5）、（4．3±0．4）和（9．3±0．9）×10^6／ml,活精率分别为（65．4±7．2）％、（41．3±6．9）％、（37．9±4．6）％和（63．8±8．2）％,中高剂量组较蒸馏水组降低,差异有统计学意义;精子畸形率和死胎／吸收胎发生比例分别为（9．1±4．4）％、（14．0±3．9）％、（21．4±5．9）％、（9．3±2．5）％和1．7％、4．2％、7．3％、0．8％,中和高剂量组较蒸馏水组增加,差异有统计学意义。结论0．01mg／L亚砷酸钠染毒对大鼠生殖功能未见明显的毒性作用;0．05mg／L及以上浓度亚砷酸钠亚慢性染毒12周可对雄性大鼠产生生殖毒性,并对胚胎有一定的致畸作用。     

Protective effect of Cymbopogon citratus on hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress in the reproductive system of male rats

Cymbopogon citratus (C. citratus) has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and chemoprotective properties. This study was conducted to evaluate the protective effect of C. citratus aqueous extract against hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂)–induced oxidative stress and injury in the reproductive system of male rats. The twenty-five rats used in this study were divided into five groups, comprised of five rats each. The control group received standard food and drink. The H₂O₂ group received standard food and water with 0.5% H₂O₂. The rats in the H₂O₂?+?C. citratus group and H₂O₂?+?vitamin E group received standard food, H₂O_2, and C. citratus [100?mg·kg^?1 body weight (bw)], or vitamin E as an antioxidant reference (500?mg·kg^?1 bw), respectively. The C. citratus group was given C. citratus (100?mg·kg^?1 bw) in addition to the standard food and drink. The treatments were administered for 30 days. The H₂O₂ treatment significantly (P?<?0.05) decreased body, testicular, and epididymal weight, as well as glutathione (GSH) level, but markedly increased malonaldehyde (MDA) in serum and testes homogenates. The rats treated with H₂O₂ exhibited testicular degeneration and significant reduction in sperm viability, motility, count, and rate of normal sperm. The C. citratus, vitamin E, and H₂O₂ treatment significantly (P?<?0.05) increased the body, testicular, and epididymal weight, testosterone level, the values of the various sperm characteristics, and GSH. However, this treatment markedly reduced MDA in serum and testes homogenates, as well as testicular histopathological alterations in the H₂O₂-treated rats. The C. citratus aqueous extract reduced oxidative stress and protected male rats against H₂O₂-induced reproductive system injury.     

二硫化碳吸入染毒对雄性大鼠生殖功能及子代影响的研究

目的探讨二硫化碳对雄性大鼠生殖功能及子代的影响。方法选用健康雄性Wistar大鼠40只,随机分为4组,以不同浓度二硫化碳(0、50、250、1250mgm3)静式吸入染毒,共10周。染毒结束前1周随机选对照、低、高浓度组各5只按经典致畸试验与健康雌鼠1∶2合笼交配,观察雌鼠受孕率、计流产数、吸收胎、活胎总数、每窝平均活胎数及称胎鼠体重,检查胎鼠外观及内脏、骨骼畸形,测量身长、尾长、腹围、肛殖距等;染毒结束后,称染毒大鼠体重及各脏器重、计算系数,测量睾丸横径,计附睾尾精子总数、精子活动率及分级、精子畸形率等。结果实验组雌鼠受孕率均低于对照组,但差异无显著性(P>0.05);高浓度组胎鼠各生长发育指标明显低于对照组(P<0.05或P<0.01);染毒大鼠体重、各脏器系数均低于对照组,但只有高浓度组大脑脏器系数与对照组比较差异有显著性(P<0.05);实验组睾丸脏器系数有随染毒剂量增加而降低的趋势,但只有高浓度组与对照组比较有差异(P<0.05);附睾重随染毒剂量增加而减轻,中、高浓度组与对照组比较差异分别有显著性(P<0.05)和极显著性(P<0.01),附睾尾精子总数及精子活动率染毒组均低于对照组,中、高浓度组与对照组比较差异分别有显著性(P<0.05)和极显著性(P<0.01),活动精子分级以原地运动为主。结论二硫化碳染毒对雄性大鼠生殖功能及子代有一定影响,可导致雌鼠受孕率降低、流产率升高,高浓度组胎鼠生长发育迟缓和畸形率增高,可能与雄性大鼠精子质、量下降有关。     

三硝基甲苯对女工生殖机能影响的研究

对三个TNT工厂的295名女工及152名对照组女工进行了生殖机能的调查。调查结果,接触TNT组女工月经周期异常占13.89%,经期异常占15.93%,经血过多占35.59%,痛经占42.71%,其发生率均显著高于对照组。自然流产和妊娠高血压的发生率及新生儿平均体重与对照组比较也有显著性差异。提示TNT能影响女工的生殖机能,对妊娠有一定影响。     

氟对雄性大鼠生殖系统的内分泌干扰作用研究

目的　探讨高氟对雄性大鼠生殖系统的内分泌干扰作用。方法　给予雄性Wister大鼠含氟化钠 15 0mg/l的水 10周后 ,检测其精子计数、活动率、畸形率 ,测定睾丸、附睾生化标志酶和性激素 ,观察睾丸组织病理改变。结果　染毒组精子计数、活动率下降 ,畸形率升高 ,血清睾酮、促黄体生成激素下降 ,较对照组差异有统计学意义 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,睾丸组织有明显的病理学改变。结论　长期接触高浓度的氟对雄性生殖系统有明显的内分泌干扰作用     

The influence of occupational exposure on male reproductive function

Recently, many studies have found a decrease in semen quality which has increased the focus on male reproductive health. Occupational hazards are by far the best documented in reproductive epidemiological research. Generally, occupational exposures have been divided into physical exposures (heat and radiation), chemical exposures (solvents and pesticides), psychological exposures (distress), exposure to metals and welding. The recent and/or most important epidemiological studies exploring the effect of occupational exposures on semen quality and fecundity, the ability to conceive, are reviewed. The evidence for an adverse effect on male reproduction of several occupational and environmental exposures and toxicants, such as heat, ionizing radiation, inorganic lead, dibromochloropropane, ethylene dibromide, some ethylene glycol ethers, carbon disulfide and welding operations, is strongly supported in well-designed epidemiological studies. For other agents, the association is only suspected or suggested and needs further evaluation before conclusions can be drawn. It is also important to bear in mind that many workers in the non-Western world still are exposed to substances that are banned in the Western world, sometimes in high concentrations.     

动物饲料促生长剂对大鼠部分生殖功能指标的影响

目的　探讨动物饲料促生长素添加剂对雌性大鼠部分生殖功能的影响。方法　采用动物实验方法 ,研究不同浓度促生长剂溶液灌胃对大鼠阴道开口时间、动情周期、脏器系数等生殖功能指标和对肝脏毒性指标的影响。结果　 ( 1)低剂量组大鼠平均体重和体重增长率高于对照组 (P <0 0 5 ) ;( 2 )低剂量组大鼠阴道开口时间明显早于对照组 (P <0 0 5 ) ;( 3 )染毒 2周后低剂量组进入动情期的大鼠多于对照组 (P <0 0 5 ) ,中剂量组和高剂量组与对照量组比较 ,进入动情周期的大鼠无显著性差异 ;( 4)各剂量组大鼠子宫和卵巢脏器系数与对照组相比均无显著性差异 ,但随浓度增加 ,各剂量组有一定的下降趋势。结论　促生长剂对大鼠有一定的雌激素样作用 ,并且这种影响可能和促生长剂的浓度有一定的相关性