Platelet-Rich Plasma-Incorporated Autologous Granular Bone Grafts Improve Outcomes of Post-Traumatic Osteonecrosis of the Femoral Head

BackgroundTo investigate the effects of platelet-rich plasma (PRP)-incorporated autologous granular bone grafts for treatment in the precollapse stages (Association of Research Circulation Osseous stage II–III) of posttraumatic osteonecrosis of the femoral head.MethodsA total of 46 patients were eligible and enrolled in the study. Twenty-four patients were treated with core decompression and PRP-incorporated autologous granular bone grafting (treatment group), and 22 patients were treated with core decompression and autologous granular bone grafting (control group). During a minimum follow-up duration of 36 months, X-ray and computed tomography were used to evaluate the radiological results, and the Harris hip score (HHS) and visual analog scale were chosen to assess the clinical results.ResultsBoth the treatment and control groups had a significantly improved HHS (P < .001). The minimum clinically important difference for the HHS was reached in 91.7% of the treatment group and 68.2% of the control group (P < .05). The HHS and visual analog scale in the treatment group were significantly improved than that in the control group at the last follow-up (P < .05). Successful clinical and radiological results were achieved 87.5% and 79.2% in the treatment group compared with 59.1% and 50.0% in the control group (P < .05), respectively. The survival rates based on the requirement for further hip surgery as an endpoint were higher in the treatment group in comparison to those in the control group (P < .05).ConclusionPRP-incorporated autologous granular bone grafting is a safe and effective procedure for treatment in the precollapse stages (Association of Research Circulation Osseous stage II–III) of posttraumatic osteonecrosis of the femoral head.     

Treatment for osteonecrosis of the femoral head: comparison of extracorporeal shock waves with core decompression and bone-grafting

BACKGROUND: There is continuing controversy regarding the optimal treatment for patients with symptomatic early-stage osteonecrosis of the femoral head. We compared the results of noninvasive treatment with extracorporeal shock waves with those of core decompression and bone-grafting in similar groups of patients. METHODS: Patients with stage-I, II, or III osteonecrosis were randomly assigned to be treated either with shock waves or with core decompression and nonvascularized fibular grafting. The shock-wave group consisted of twenty-three patients (twenty-nine hips), and the surgical group consisted of twenty-five patients (twenty-eight hips). The patients in the two groups had similar demographic characteristics, duration and stage of disease, and duration of follow-up. The patients in the shock-wave group received a single treatment with 6000 impulses of shock waves at 28 kV to the affected hip. The evaluation parameters included clinical assessment of pain with a visual analog pain scale, Harris hip scores, and an assessment of activities of daily living and work capacity. Radiographic assessment was performed with serial plain radiographs and magnetic resonance imaging. RESULTS: Before treatment, the two groups had similar pain and Harris hip scores. At an average of twenty-five months after treatment, the pain and Harris hip scores in the shock-wave group were significantly improved compared with the pretreatment scores (p < 0.001). In this group, 79% of the hips were improved, 10% were unchanged, and 10% were worse. Of the hips treated with a nonvascularized fibular graft, 29% were improved, 36% were unchanged, and 36% were worse. In the shock-wave group, imaging studies showed regression of five of the thirteen lesions that had been designated as stage I or II before treatment and no regression of a stage-III lesion. Two stage-II and two stage-III lesions progressed. In the surgical group, four lesions regressed and fifteen (of the nineteen graded as stage I or II) progressed. The remaining nine lesions were unchanged. CONCLUSIONS: Extracorporeal shock-wave treatment appeared to be more effective than core decompression and nonvascularized fibular grafting in patients with early-stage osteonecrosis of the femoral head. Long-term results are needed to determine whether the effect of this novel method of treatment for osteonecrosis of the femoral head endures.     

股骨头髓芯减压带旋髂深血管蒂髂骨骨瓣植骨治疗股骨头缺血性坏死

目的　探讨股骨头髓心减压带旋髂深血管蒂髂骨骨瓣植骨术治疗股骨头缺血坏死的疗效及手术适应证。　方法　 1995年 10月～ 2 0 0 0年 8月共进行 18例 (2 6髋 )股骨头髓心减压带旋髂深血管蒂髂骨骨瓣植骨术。根据Harris髋关节评分系统进行关节功能评价 ,根据ARCO分期分型系统进行影像学评价。　结果　随访 16例 2 3髋 ,平均 3 1 5个月。Harris评分由术前平均 61 7改善为随访时 76 0分。 13髋 (5 6% )随访时Harris评分 >80 0分 (内侧型 8髋 ,中央型 3髋 ,外侧型 2髋 ) ,根据ARCO分期分型系统进行分类随访时优良率 ,内侧型 80 % ,中央型 60 % ,外侧型 2 5 %。 8髋分期发生进展。塌陷及失败率内侧型 2 0 % ,中央型 40 % ,外侧型 75 %。　结论　股骨头髓芯减压带旋髂深血管蒂髂骨骨瓣植骨术适用于ARCO分期分型系统中ⅠA中央型、ⅠB内侧型、ⅡA中央型、ⅡB内侧型股骨头缺血性坏死 ,并具有良好的近、中期疗效。对坏死范围较大的股骨头不能防止病程的进展 ,但可缓解症状 ,延缓全髋关节置换的时间     

微创开窗打压植骨联合细针钻孔减压治疗塌陷前期股骨头坏死

目的 探讨微创下开窗坏死病灶清除打压植骨联合细针多孔钻孔减压治疗塌陷前期股骨头坏死的临床疗效.方法 2009年1月至2011年12月收治的43例(64髋)塌陷前期股骨头坏死患者,均采用微创股骨头坏死病灶清除打压植骨联合细针多孔钻孔减压的手术方式治疗.收集患者术前及术后24个月的Harris髋关节功能评分,以评价手术疗效.结果 本组随访时间24.0～60.0个月,平均(32.0±3.5)个月,失访2例(2髋).术后24个月,Harris髋关节功能评分为(81.2±5.6)分,优良率达77.42％,与术前的(62.2±4.2)分相比,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 微创开窗坏死病灶清除打压植骨联合细针多孔钻孔减压治疗塌陷前期股骨头坏死疗效显著,是一种简单有效的治疗方法.     

Increased hepatic cytochrome P4503A activity decreases the risk of developing steroid‐induced osteonecrosis in a rabbit model

Low hepatic cytochrome P4503A (CYP3A) activities might play an important role for inducing osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH) by corticosteroids. However, the relationship between hepatic CYP3A activity and steroid‐induced ONFH is unknown. We have examined the relationship between hepatic CYP3A activity and the inducibility of ONFH in a rabbit model. Sixty rabbits were divided into three groups. Hepatic CYP3A inducer (phenobarbital, group P; n = 15), inhibitor (itraconazole, group I; n = 15), or saline (group C, n = 30) was administrated for 3 weeks before intramuscular methylprednisolone. In groups P and I, hepatic CYP3A levels were measured by midazolam clearance before treatment (baseline) and before methylprednisolone injection. All animals were sacrificed 3 weeks after methylprednisolone injection and both femurs were harvested and examined histologically for osteonecrosis. Midazolam clearance was significantly increased and decreased, compared with baseline in groups P and I respectively (p < 0.0005, p < 0.002). The incidence of osteonecrosis in group P (33%) was significantly lower than in group I (100%) and group C (83%; p < 0.001 for both). The percentage necrotic area to whole bone marrow area on cross sections in group P (8.2 ± 5.9%) was significantly lower than in group I (69.8 ± 20.8%) and group C (51.5 ± 30.7%; p < 0.005 for both). Hepatic CYP3A activity inversely correlated with the incidence of osteonecrosis and extent of the necrotic area caused by the same dose of corticosteroids, suggesting possible prevention of the steroid‐induced osteonecrosis by reducing steroid dose in poor corticosteroid metabolizers. © 2007 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 26:91–95, 2008     

Modified porous tantalum rod technique for the treatment of femoral head osteonecrosis

AIM: To study a modified porous tantalum technique for the treatment of osteonecrosis of the femoral head.METHODS: The porous tantalum rod was combined with endoscopy, curettage, autologous bone grafting and use of bone marrow aspirates from iliac crest aspiration in 49 patients (58 hips) with a mean age of 38 years. The majority of the patients had idiopathic osteonecrosis, followed by corticosteroid-induced osteonecrosis. Thirty-eight hips were of Steinberg stage II disease and 20 hips were of stage III disease. Patients were followed for 5 years and were evaluated clinically with the Merle D’Aubigne and Postel score and radiologically. The primary outcome of the study was survival based on the conversion to total hip arthroplasty (THA). Secondary outcomes included deterioration of the osteonecrosis to a higher disease stage at 5 years compared to the preoperative period and identification of factors that were associated with survival. The Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was performed to evaluate the survivorship of the prosthesis, and the Fisher exact test was performed to test associations between various parameters with survival.RESULTS: No patient developed any serious intraoperative or postoperative complication including implant loosening or migration and donor site morbidity. During the 5-year follow up, 1 patient died, 7 patients had disease progression and 4 hips were converted to THA. The 5-year survival based on conversion to THA was 93.1% and the respective rate based on disease progression was 87.9%. Stage II disease was associated with statistically significant better survival rates compared to stage III disease (P = 0.04). The comparison between idiopathic and non-idiopathic osteonecrosis and between steroid-induced and non-steroid-induced osteonecrosis did not showed any statistically significant difference in survival rates. The clinical evaluation revealed statistically significantly improved Merle d’Aubigne scores at 12 mo postoperatively compared to the preoperative period (P < 0.001). The mean preoperative Merle d’Aubigne score was 13.0 (SD: 1.8). The respective score at 12 mo improved to 17.0 (SD: 2.0). The 12-mo mean score was retained at 5 years.CONCLUSION: The modified porous tantalum rod technique presented here showed encouraging outcomes. The survival rates based on conversion to THA are the lowest reported in the published literature.     

Core decompression with bone grafting for osteonecrosis of the femoral head

Although core decompression is one of the more popular procedures for treating avascular necrosis, considerable controversy exists concerning its safety and effectiveness. The current authors review the results of a prospective study of 406 hips in 285 patients treated by one surgeon with core decompression and bone grafting. Patients were followed up for 2 to 14 years. The outcome was determined by the change in the Harris hip score, quantitative radiographic measurements, and need for total hip replacement. These hips were compared with 55 hips in 39 patients treated non-operatively and with historic controls. Five complications occurred after 406 procedures including two fractures that resulted from falls during the first postoperative month. Of the 312 hips in 208 patients with a minimum 2-year followup, 36% of hips (113 hips in 90 patients) required hip replacement at a mean of 29 months: 18 of 65 hips (28%) with Stage I disease; 45 of 133 hips (34%) with Stage II disease; three of 13 hips (23%) with Stage III disease; and 45 of 92 hips (49%) with Stage IV disease. Before femoral head collapse (Stages I and II combined) hip replacement was performed in 10 of 77 hips (14%) with small lesions (A), 33 of 68 hips (48%) with intermediate lesions (B), and 20 of 48 hips (42%) with large lesions (C). Results as determined by changes in Harris hip scores and radiographic progression were similar. Patients who underwent core decompression and bone grafting have a very low complication rate. In patients treated before femoral head collapse, the outcome is significantly better than in patients who received symptomatic treatment. The results are correlated with the stage and the size of the necrotic lesion.     

Osteonecrosis of femoral head: Treatment by core decompression and vascular pedicle grafting

Background:

Femoral head-preserving core decompression and bone grafting have shown excellent result in preventing collapse. The use of vascularized grafts have shown better clinical results. The vascular pedicle bone graft is an easy to perform operation and does not require special equipment. We analyzed and report a series of patients of osteonecrosis of femoral head treated by core decompression and vascular pedicle grafting of part of iliac crest based on deep circumflex iliac vessels.

Materials and Methods:

The article comprises of the retrospective study of 31 patients of osteonecrosis of femoral head in stage II and III treated with core decompression and vascular pedicle grafting by using part of iliac crest with deep circumflex iliac vessels from January 1990 to December 2005. The young patients with a mean age 32 years (18–52 years) with a minimum follow-up of five years were included for analysis. Sixteen patients had osteonecrosis following alcohol abuse, 12 patients following corticosteroid consumption, 3 patients had idiopathic osteonecrosis. Nine patients were stage IIB, and 22 patients were stage IIIC according to ARCO''s system. The core decompression and vascular pedicle grafting was performed by anterior approach by using part of iliac crest with deep circumflex iliac vessels.

Results:

Digital subtraction arteriography performed in 9 patients at the end of 12 weeks showed the patency of deep circumflex artery in all cases, and bone scan performed in 6 other patients showed high uptake in the grafted area of the femoral head proving the efficacy of the operative procedure. Out of 31 patients, only one patient progressed to collapse and total joint replacement was advised. At the final follow up period of 5–8 years, Harris Hip Score improved mean ± SD of 28.2 ± 6.4 (p < 0.05). Forty-eight percent of patients had an improvement in Harris Hip Score of more that 28 points.

Conclusion:

The core decompression and vascular pedicle grafting reduces the intraosseous tension to achieve early revascularization of ischemic femoral head. The high percentage of marrow and osteogenic cells survive within a vascularized pedicle graft, which helps in early vascularization and we have been able to achieve good outcome.     

多孔钽棒植入治疗股骨头坏死的适应证及临床疗效观察

目的探讨多孔钽棒植入治疗股骨头坏死的适应证并观察其临床疗效。方法2008年5月至2008年11月,治疗股骨头坏死患者25例29髋,男14例17髋,女11例12髋;年龄29—48岁,平均36岁;根据Steinberg分期：Ⅰ期10髋,Ⅱ期16髋,Ⅲ期3髋。采用侧方小切口入路,行髓心减压及多孔钽棒植入术。术后3周内禁止负重,3周后可部分负重,然后逐步过渡至完全负重。采用Harris评分系统评估术后患髋功能的改善情况;术后3、6、12个月摄正、侧位x线片,观察股骨头修复情况及有无坏死进展。结果23例27髋获得随访,随访时间12—18个月,平均15个月。术后12个月或末次随访进行疗效评估,优：17例19髋,良：4例5髋,可：2例3髋。患者的Harris评分由术前的49～83分,平均（65．3±8．6）分,提高至术后的75～100分,平均（88．2±9．3）分（P〈0．001）。Ⅰ期由术前70～83分,平均（73．7±5．6）分,提高至术后79～100分,平均（94．5±6．4）分;Ⅱ期由术前51～72分,平均（63．4±6．1）分,提高至术后76—99分,平均（87．1±9．0）分;Ⅲ期由术前49—65分,平均（56．8±7．3）分,提高至术后74—89分,平均（81．7±8．2）分。各组提高分数之间显著差异。髋关节影像学表现稳定,股骨头无坏死进展。结论髓心减压及多孔钽棒植入术治疗股骨头缺血性坏死适合于SteinbergⅠ、Ⅱ期及较小塌陷的Ⅲ期股骨头坏死患者。     

蛙式侧位分型在植骨支撑术治疗酒精性股骨头坏死中的意义

目的探讨支撑植骨术治疗酒精性股骨头坏死（ONFH）的初期疗效及蛙式侧位分型的意义。方法 2004年1月至2007年12月,采用支撑植骨术治疗随访93例（123髋）酒精性ONFH患者,随访时间18～52个月,平均随访36.4个月;年龄25～65岁,平均年龄（41.0±8.5）岁。按ARCO分期：Ⅱ、ⅢA、ⅢB～C期分别为33、63、27髋;术前正位分型C1、C2分别为24、99髋;术前蛙式侧位分型C1、C2分别为32、91髋;Harris评分平均为（80.6±6.4）分。结果 术后所有患者均无感染、神经损伤等并发症;术后ARCO分期：Ⅲ、Ⅳ期分别为36、87髋;术后Harris评分（91±7.3）分;以关节置换为终点事件股骨头生存率约82.2%。术前蛙式侧位C1、C2的生存率分别为100%、77.6%。经检验术前蛙式侧位分型为C1的股骨头生存率高于蛙式侧位分型为C2的股骨头生存率（2=4.301,P=0.038）。结论 支撑植骨术治疗酒精性ONFH的初期疗效良好,治疗效果与ONFH蛙式侧位分型密切相关,尤其适用于蛙式侧位分型坏死范围未超过髋臼外侧缘的ONFH早期患者。     

Osteonecrosis of the femoral head after traumatic hip dislocation in the adult

Osteonecrosis of the femoral head is most commonly classified according to the system of Ficat and Arlet, and the choice of treatment is based directly on the corresponding stage. Therefore it is important to accurately determine the stage of the disease because it has important bearings on the patient's clinical course. Patients with Stage I lesions (preradiologic stage of the disease) usually can be treated with pulsed electromagnetic fields with or without a core decompression, bone grafting and decompression, and rotational intertrochanteric osteotomy. These procedures are equally applicable for patients with Stage II lesions but frequently additional measures such as vascularized fibular grafting and intertrochanteric osteotomy may be necessary. Patients with Stages III and IV lesions also may be treated in a similar way, especially if one wishes to avoid total hip arthroplasty, especially in younger patients. The trapdoor procedure with autogenous cancellous bone and cortical bone grafting can be successful in Stage III osteonecrosis of the hip in patients with small- to medium-sized lesions. When core decompression is used to treat patients with Stage III lesions, an 89% satisfactory outcome can be expected providing that the lesion is small and central, and does not have head depression. Many times the number and variety of procedures tend to reflect the relatively poor results and the desire to avoid total hip arthroplasty. Arthrodesis continues to be an excellent and predictable treatment option and may be indicated when unilateral trauma is the etiology.     

Sartorius muscle-pedicle bone graft for osteonecrosis of the femoral head

Purpose

This study summarises the clinical efficacy of sartorius muscle-pedicle bone graft in osteonecrosis of the femoral head.

Methods

A total of 58 patients, including 53 men (61 hips) and five women (6 hips) with osteonecrosis of the femoral head, underwent sartorius muscle-pedicle bone grafting. Association Research Circulation Osseous (ARCO) staging was performed.

Results

The ARCO staging revealed 23 hips of stage I, 36 hips of stage II and eight hips of stage III. The average surgical duration was 65 minutes (range 45–90 minutes). A total of 55 (64 hips) of the 58 patients undergoing surgery were followed up, with a mean follow-up duration of 34.48 months (range, 24–48 months) and a median of 34 months. The outcome was excellent in 27, good in 24, normal in two, and poor in 11 hips, with a total good rating of 79.68 %. The Harris score of the hip joints in the last follow-up was significantly improved compared with pre-surgical scores (P?<?0.01). Imaging results showed that 21 hips were improved, 31 hips were stabilized and 12 hips were aggravated (of which 9 hips underwent total hip replacement). The survival rate of femoral head was 81.25 %.

Conclusion

Sartorius muscle-pedicle bone graft significantly promotes repair of osteonecrosis of the femoral head, improves the Harris score of the hip joints, with good clinical efficacy. It effectively improves the survival rate of femoral head, delaying or preventing artificial hip replacement.

     

Tantalum rod implantation for femoral head osteonecrosis: survivorship analysis and determination of prognostic factors for total hip arthroplasty

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the moderate survival data of porous tantalum rod implants for the treatment of osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH). Additionally, some independent prognostic factors for conversion to total hip arthroplasty (THA) were identified.

Methods

The porous tantalum rod population was obtained from a prospective, consecutive group of patients treated for Steinberg stage I and II osteonecrosis from April 2009 through July 2011. The historical core decompression and impaction of bone filling particle subjects underwent surgery from April 2007 through March 2009. Surgical data including time of surgery, blood loss, and cell transfusions were recorded. Post-operative values were measured for hospitalization length as well as days requiring a patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) pump. Primary outcomes were Harris hip score and survivorship analysis. Demographics and baseline characteristics included age, sex, etiology, bilateral disease, associated chronic systemic disease, Steinberg stage, Harris hip score, accompanied with bone marrow edema of femoral head, and osteonecrotic lesion size.

Results

Demographic/baseline characteristics were similar between two groups. At the post-operative follow-up of 62 months, Harris hip scores were significantly increased (P?<?0.0001) when compared to that before surgery in both groups. The magnitude of increase in the tantalum rod implant group was significantly greater than that in the control group (P?=?0.0426). With an average follow-up of 48 months (range, 38–62 months), the tantalum rod group had an 84.6 % survival rate. With an average follow-up of 72 months (range, 67–85 months), the control group had a 63.3 % survival rate. A comparison of Kaplan-Meier curves showed significantly higher cumulative survival rates (P?=?0.048) for hips with implantation of the porous tantalum rod (74.1 % at 62 months) than for those with impaction composite bone material (49.9 % at 62 months). The Cox proportional-hazard model revealed that implantation of tantalum rod (P?=?0.012), bone marrow edema (P?=?0.003), corticosteroids intake (P?=?0.007), and age less than 50 years (P?=?0.014) were the independent prognostic factors related to conversion into THA.

Conclusions

Compared with the traditional impaction composite bone material technique, implantation of tantalum rod in the treatment of Steinberg stages I and II ONFH can obtain better clinical results and higher cumulative survival rates. For patients without the use of corticosteroids, and especially for hips without bone marrow oedema, the clinical results from our study show highly encouraging survival rates and a delay in or prevention of conversion into THA.

     

Entlastungsbohrung des Hüftkopfes bei atraumatischer Osteonekrose

Objective

Reduction of the increased intraosseous pressure and induction of revascularization within the necrotic zone.

Indications

Femoral head osteonecrosis of stages 0, I, and II according to the ARCO classification, osteonecrosis of stage II-C (necrotic head involvement > 30%) only in case of positive ionic contrast enhancement within the lesion (proven by MRI).

Contraindications

ding to the ARCO classification, osteonecrosis of stage II-C with negative ionic contrast enhancement (proven by MRI).

Surgical Technique

Under roentgenographic control in two planes, a 6- to 12- mm hollow drill is milled into the necrotic area. The bone cylinder with the necrotic spongiosa is retracted as biopsy of the involved area. Optionally, the milling canal can be refilled with vital autologous spongiosa. In case of great lesions, an additional drilling of the necrotic area can be performed with a 4.5-mm reamer.

Postoperative Care

Partial weight bearing has to be kept for 6 weeks postoperatively. X-ray control is to be done immediately post surgery and after 6 weeks before proceeding to full weight bearing.

Results

Core decompression was performed in 51 patients. All were evaluated postoperatively for a follow-up time of 3–11 years. In stages I and II, all patients with a preoperative necrotic area ≤ 30% of the femoral head showed clinical success with reduction of the necrotic zone, but no complete recovery. The uptake of ionic contrast medium correlated with the preoperative necrotic head involvement and the postoperative clinical prognosis. The joint effusions proven by MRI as a preoperative sign of an accompanying synovitis showed an involution in all cases with reduction of the necrotic lesion size. By contrast, postoperative progressive expansion of the necrotic lesion was accompanied by persistence of the joint effusion. All cases in stage II-C with negative ionic contrast enhancement, and all cases in stages III and IV developed necrotic progression and required a renewed operation.     

多孔钽金属棒治疗股骨头坏死的短期临床疗效

目的探讨多孔钽金属棒治疗股骨头坏死的短期临床疗效。方法从2008年8月至2009年12月,使用多孔钽金属棒植入治疗股骨头坏死26例共33髋,男14例18髋,女12例15髋。根据Steinberg分期：Ⅱ期15髋、Ⅲ期16髋和Ⅳ期2髋。术中经外侧小切口行髓芯减压,必要时在坏死腔中置入不规则颗粒人工骨,最后植入多孔钽金属棒。术后禁止负重4周后开始部分负重4周,随后逐渐过渡到完全负重。定期随访X线及Harris评分,评估术后患髋功能的改善情况。结果所有26例共33髋全部获得随访。平均随访24.2（20.0～30.5）个月。术后末次随访Harris评分为（85.7±7.9）分,较术前（65.9±10.1分）改善为19.8分（P〈0.05）。关节功能优11髋（33.3%）,良16髋（48.5%）,可4髋（12.1%）,差2髋（6.0%）。仅1髋术后2年出现关节面塌陷,余各假体位置良好,股骨头无进一步塌陷。结论多孔钽金属棒为股骨头坏死患者（Ⅲ期前及ⅢA期）提供了一种新的治疗选择。     

Umbrella-shaped, memory alloy femoral head support device for treatment of avascular osteonecrosis of the femoral head

Purpose

Avascular necrosis (AVN) of the femoral head is a common orthopaedic disease that is difficult to treat. The purpose of this study was to explore the preliminary efficacy of a self-designed umbrella-shaped memory alloy femoral head support device in the treatment of adult patients with avascular osteonecrosis of the femoral head.

Methods

The minimally-invasive approach involved curettage of the necrotic tissue of the femoral head, and a self-designed umbrella-shaped, memory alloy femoral head support device was implanted into the collapsed necrotic area to support the collapsed femoral head. Autologous iliac bone and artificial bone were implanted into the support device for the treatment of adult patients with avascular osteonecrosis of the femoral head.

Results

The clinical device was used in ten patients and 18 hip joints. The support device failed in one hip joint, which subsequently underwent joint replacement surgery, and the remaining 17 implanted devices were followed up for four to 19 months. The 17 postoperative hip joints were evaluated using the percent-efficacy evaluation method for avascular osteonecrosis of the femoral head in adult patients, and the efficacy rate was 82.35 %.

Conclusion

The umbrella-shaped femoral head support device can be used in Ficat stage I, stage II, and stage III adult patients with avascular osteonecrosis of the femoral head.     

Treatment of osteonecrosis of the femoral head in lymphoma patients by free vascularised fibular grafting

The purpose of this study was to assess the outcomes of treatment of femoral head osteonecrosis using free vascularised fibular grafting in patients with Hodgkin’s disease and non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. We retrospectively reviewed seven patients (14 hips) with lymphoma who underwent free vascularised fibular grafting for osteonecrosis of the femoral head, evaluating pre- and postoperative Harris hip scores, visual analog scale (VAS) pain scores, hip range of motion and radiographs. Patients were followed up for a minimum of 1.5 years (mean, 3.3 years). All these patients exhibited good recovery without severe life-threatening complications. The mean Harris hip score improved from 69 to 88, while average VAS pain score decreased from 54 to 18. At the latest follow-up, we found improvement or unchanged radiographs in all three hips with initial Steinberg stage II osteonecrosis and in nine of 11 hips with stage III or IV osteonecrosis. No hips failed treatment and underwent total hip arthroplasty. The clinical data demonstrated that free vascularised fibular grafting can slow or even halt progression of necrosis, and improve the function of the hip and quality of life in lymphoma patients.     

钽棒治疗早期股骨头坏死的近期疗效评价与分析

目的评价钽棒植入术治疗早期股骨头坏死（ONFH）的近期疗效,探讨钽棒植入的适应证及禁忌证。方法2008年6月至2010年10月,采用钽棒植入术治疗早期股骨头坏死共58例63髋,全部获得随访,平均随访时间（16．03±8．16）个月（6～34个月）。年龄17～61岁,平均年龄（37．43±10．3）岁。按ARCO分期：Ⅰ期1髋,Ⅱ期45髋,不稳定型Ⅱ期12髋,Ⅲ期5髋。术前改良正位分型c1、C2分别为41、9髋。坏死范围按改良坏死范围指数≤33：17髋;34～66：25髋;≥67：21髋。术前Harris评分平均为（87．80±15．50）分。结果术后均无钽棒本身相关的并发症发生;末次随访Hams评分平均为（98．96±4．19）分;以股骨头塌陷〉4mm为终点事件,术后随访24个月的生存率为77．78％。Kaplan—Meier生存分析提示Ⅱ期、不稳定型Ⅱ期的生存率分别为84．4％、58．3％,经Log—rank检验差异已经达到检验效能;改良正位分型cI、c2的生存率分别为85．37％、11．1％,经Log—rank柃验差异有统计学意义（F=31．35,P〈0．001）;坏死范围的生存率：≤33组为94．1％,34～66组为96．0％,≥67组为42．9％,经Log—rank检验差异有统计学意义（Х^2=16．07,P〈0．01）。结论钽棒植入术是治疗早期股骨头坏死的有效手段,适应证为改良坏死范围指数〈67或改良正位分型C1型以下的ARCOⅠ期及稳定型Ⅱ期患者。     

Treatment of nontraumatic osteonecrosis of the femoral head using bone impaction grafting through a femoral neck window

Nontraumatic osteonecrosis of the femoral head (non-ONFH) is a disorder that can lead to femoral head collapse and the need for total hip replacement. Various head-preserving procedures have been used for this disease to avert the need for total hip replacement. These include various vascularised and nonvascularised bone grafting procedures. We examined the effect of bone-grafting through a window at the femoral head-neck junction known as the “light bulb” approach for the treatment of osteonecrosis of the femoral head with a combination of demineralised bone matrix (DBM) and auto-iliac bone. The study included 110 patients (138 hips; 41 females, 69 males; mean age 32.36 years, range 17–54 years) with stage IIA–IIIA nontraumatic avascular necrosis of the femoral head according to the system of the ARCO (Association Research Circulation Osseous). The bone grafting procedure is called “light bulb” procedure in which the diseased bone was replaced by a bone graft substitute (combination of DBM and auto-iliac bone).The outcome was determined by the changes in the Harris hip score, by progression in radiographic stages, and by the need for hip replacement. The mean follow-up was 25.37 months (range 7–42 months). All data were processed by a statistics analysis including Cox risk model analysis and Kaplan-Meier survival analysis. Pre- and postoperative evaluations showed that the mean Harris hip score increased from 62 to 79. Clinically, 94 of 138 hips (68%) were successful at the latest follow-up, and radiological improvement was noted in 100% of patients in stage IIA, 76.67% of patients in stage IIB and 50.96% of patients in stage IIC and IIIA cases. Excellent and good results according to the Harris score were obtained in 100% of cases in stage IIA, 93.33% in stage IIB and 59.62% in stages IIIA and IIC stage, with a survivorship of 85% in stages IIA and IIB and 60% in stage IIIA and IIC cases. Cox risk model analysis showed that the clinical success rate correlated with both pre-operation stage and the necrotic area of the femoral head. The complications included ectopic ossification, lateral femoral cutaneous nerve lesion and joint infection. This procedure may be effective at avoiding or forestalling the need for total hip replacement in young patients with early to intermediate stages of osteonecrosis of the femoral head. Therefore, it may be the treatment of choice particularly in nontraumatic osteonecrosis of the femoral head of pre-collapse stage with small and middle area (<30%, or the depth of collapse <2 mm).     

多孔金属钽棒治疗早期股骨头坏死的近期疗效观察

目的探讨多孔金属钽棒治疗早期股骨头坏死（ONFH）的临床效果。方法对应用多孔钽棒治疗的15例早期ONFH患者临床资料进行回顾性研究。按照国际骨循环研究会（ARCO）分类的ONFH病变Ⅰ、Ⅱ期患者共15例（15髋）,术后3、6、12、24个月时随访。临床评价Harris评分、X线片病情及骨长入情况。结果 Harris评分术前与术后3、6、12、24个月比较差异均有统计学意义（P=0.000）。手术前、后X线片分期比较,术后12个月2例ⅡB期进展为ⅡC期,24个月2例ⅡC期进展为Ⅲ期,股骨头塌陷,需行全髋关节置换术。4例可见原有囊性变区内骨密度增高表现,1例在钽棒周围出现＂骨锚固征＂。结论多孔金属钽棒对ONFHⅠ期病变治疗改善率最佳,ⅡA、ⅡB期改善率次之,ⅡC期改善率最低,对Ⅰ、ⅡA、ⅡB期病变可有效防止股骨头塌陷。