Allelic deletion mapping on chromosome 6q and X chromosome inactivation clonality patterns in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and invasive carcinoma

OBJECTIVE: Loss of heterozygosity (LOH) profiles and X chromosome inactivation patterns are analyzed in 42 patients with cervical intraepithelial neoplasias (CIN), including low-grade (CIN1) and high-grade (CIN2, CIN3) lesions, and 22 patients with invasive cervical carcinomas. METHOD: Laser capture microdissection was utilized to procure pure matched normal and lesional cells from each case. Sixteen microsatellite markers on four chromosomal arms, 6q21-q25.1, 8p21, 13q12.3--q13, and 17q12--q21, were amplified for LOH, as well as the HUMARA locus for X chromosome inactivation analysis. Eight additional markers spanning the long arm of chromosome 6 were utilized in all cases showing LOH on this arm and in which further tissue material was available for microdissection. RESULTS: Fifty-five percent of carcinomas showed deletions on chromosome bands 6q21--q25.1, 43% on 13q12.3--q13, and 40% on 17q12--q21. Deletions on 6q were identified in CIN3 (40%), CIN2 (37%), and CIN1 (10%), on 13q in CIN3 (33%) and CIN2 (33%), and rarely on chromosomal arm 17q. Finer 6q mapping revealed that marker D6S310 (q22) represented the centromeric and marker D6S255 (q25--q16) the telomeric boundary of deletion. A second, telomeric area of deletion at marker D6S281 (q27) was also identified. Monoclonal X chromosome inactivation patterns were identified in 12/13 cancers, 13/14 CIN3, 5/10 CIN2, and 0/6 CIN1. CONCLUSIONS: Two areas of deletion on chromosome 6q were identified in cervical tumors, suggesting the presence of tumor suppressor gene(s) inactivated in this neoplasia. LOH on this arm were identified early during cervical tumor progression. LOH on 13q and 17q also occur in cervical cancers. X chromosome inactivation patterns suggest that CIN develops into a monoclonal lesion during progression from CIN1 to CIN3.     

Allelotype of papillary serous peritoneal carcinomas.

OBJECTIVE: Papillary serous peritoneal carcinoma (PSPC) is histologically indistinguishable from papillary serous ovarian carcinoma (PSOC) with a similar clinical presentation, yet may differ in its carcinogenesis. The purpose of this study was to determine the incidence of allelic loss and the frequency of p53 mutation by p53 overexpression in PSPC compared to PSOC. METHODS: An allelotype analysis of 26 patients with PSPC was performed using 39 microsatellite markers from 25 chromosomal arms. Thirty-seven previously studied patients with PSOC served as the comparison. P53 mutations were detected by immunohistochemical protein overexpression. RESULTS: There was significantly less LOH in PSPC than PSOC. Both the number of chromosomes with LOH and the proportion of tumors with allelic loss were less frequent. Significant LOH, defined as >/=30% of informative tumors having loss at a chromosome locus, was seen on 4 chromosome arms in PSPC: 12p, 17p, 17q, and 18q, compared to 18 arms in PSOC: 4q, 5q, 6p, 6q, 9p, 9q, 12p, 12q, 13q, 15q, 16q, 17p, 17q, 18q, 19p, 19q, 22q, and Xq (P < 0.001). The median LOH frequency was higher in PSOC than PSPC, 43% versus 33%, respectively (P = 0.013), and more PSOC tumors had LOH than PSPC tumors, 91% versus 65% (P = 0.042). P53 overexpression was detected in 80% of PSPC tumors. CONCLUSIONS: LOH occurs less frequently in PSPC compared to PSOC. Chromosomal regions with high frequencies of LOH common to PSPC and PSOC, such as 12p, 17p, 17q, and 18q, may harbor tumor suppressor genes important in the carcinogenesis of both malignancies and likely include p53.     

Loss of heterozygosity on chromosome 17q in epithelial ovarian tumors: association with carcinomas with serous differentiation.

Loss of heterozygosity (LOH) on chromosome 17q is frequent in epithelial ovarian tumors, but its clinicopathologic significance remains to be elucidated. DNA of 50 patients with epithelial ovarian tumors was extracted from blood and from fresh-frozen and paraffin-embedded tissue (14 benign, 7 borderline, and 29 malignant). Six microsatellite loci were amplified by PCR (D17S250, TRHA1, D17S800, D17S855, D17S579, D17S513). LOH was scored by the absence or reduction of the signal to less than 50% of one of the alleles in tumor DNA compared with normal DNA. LOH was identified on chromosome 17q in at least one locus in 12 tumors (24%), all of them carcinomas (12 of 29 tumors, 41.3%). It occurred more frequently among high-grade serous carcinomas (8 of 14 tumors, 57%) and mixed endometrioid-serous carcinomas (2 of 5, 40%). LOH was detected in all informative markers of 10 tumors, suggesting the complete loss of an entire chromosome 17 homologue. Patients with LOH-positive carcinomas were older than those with LOH-negative malignant tumors (mean ages 67 and 49). The results support the hypothesis that LOH on chromosome 17q may be associated with the development of ovarian cancers in elderly patients, particularly with high-grade serous or mixed endometrioid-serous carcinomas.     

蛋白基因产物9.5在子宫内膜异位症患者在位及异位内膜中的表达情况

目的：探讨蛋白基因产物9.5（PGP 9.5）在子宫内膜异位症（EMs）患者的在位内膜以及异位内膜中的表达情况,并观察其表达量与EMs疼痛程度的关系。方法：应用免疫组化Envision二步法检测44例EMs患者（疼痛组28例,不痛组16例）的在位内膜、异位内膜及20例子宫肌瘤且不伴随疼痛的患者（对照组）子宫内膜中PGP 9.5的表达,探讨其与EMs患者痛经程度的相关性。结果：EMs患者在位内膜PGP 9.5的阳性表达率为72.9%,对照组在位内膜中PGP 9.5的阳性表达率为25.0%,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。EMs患者异位内膜中PGP 9.5的阳性表达率为81.8%;其中疼痛组患者的阳性表达率为92.9%,不痛组的阳性表达率为62.5%,两者相比差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。EMs组在位内膜和异位内膜神经纤维密度均高于对照组（均P＜0.01）。PGP 9.5的表达与EMs的分期以及发生部位无关（均P＞0.05）;EMs患者疼痛与病灶发生部位无关（P＞0.05）,且与神经纤维密度无关（P＞0.05）。结论：PGP 9.5在EMs患者在位以及异位内膜中阳性率显著增高,同时其表达量增高,与患者痛经程度有一定相关性。     

VEGF在子宫内膜异位症发病机制中的作用

目的:探讨血管内皮生长因子(Vascular endothelial growth factor,VEGF)在子宫内膜异位症(Endometriosis,EMs)组织中的表达及其在EMs发生发展中的作用。方法:采用ELISA法检测30例EMs患者(研究组)和16例子宫肌瘤患者(对照组)血清和腹腔液中的VEGF水平,免疫组化和RT-PCR检测并比较VEGF蛋白、VEGF mRNA在EMs异位内膜、在位内膜和对照组正常内膜的表达及其相关性。结果:EMs患者腹腔液、异位内膜、在位内膜VEGF蛋白及mRNA均明显高于对照组(P<0.05),但与EMs临床分期无关。EMs患者血清VEGF与对照组相比无明显的差异(P>0.05)。EMs患者异位内膜和在位内膜的微血管密度(MVD)明显高于对照组内膜(P<0.05)。结论:VEGF在EMs患者的高表达,说明其通过促血管生成在该病发生发展中起着重要作用。     

X chromosomal and autosomal loss of heterozygosity and microsatellite instability in human cervical carcinoma

The study analyzes tumor material and normal tissue from 27 patients with pure squamous cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix for loss of heterozygosity (LOH) and microsatellite instability (MSI) on 14 autosomal and 11 X chromosomal loci. Overall, 4-40% of the informative cases showed LOH at autosomal regions with the highest frequency at 3p (21-40%) and a marked frequency at 2q35-q37.1 (12.5%) and 17p13.3 (10%), representing regions with putative tumor suppressor gene (TSG) function. The frequency of X chromosomal LOH ranged from 4% to 20%, with a maximum at Xq28 (20%) and Xq11.2-q12 (17%), again indicating alterations in TSG. A 12% LOH was seen at Xq21.33-q22.3, a region encoding a protein with a regulatory function in the cell cycle via cyclin-dependent kinases. MSI was detected in autosomal regions in up to 7% in regions linked to the X chromosome in up to 11%, probably indicating alterations of mismatch repair mechanisms. Our results and those obtained from the literature suggest that autosomal LOH and MSI in carcinomas of the cervix uteri are predominantly found at regions with putative TSG function. Beside TSG alterations, X chromosomal LOH is probably more strongly connected to disturbances in cell cycle regulation.     

抑癌基因PTEN、p27与子宫内膜异位症发病的关系

目的:探讨抑癌基因PTEN、p27在子宫内膜异位症(EMs)发生、发展中的作用。方法:采用免疫组化SP法检测32例EMs患者(EMs组)在位及异位子宫内膜PTEN和p27的表达,并与20例正常内膜对照组在位内膜进行比较。结果:PTEN、p27在EMs组异位和在位内膜的表达无显著差异(P>0.05),但二者均低于对照组水平(P<0.05);PTEN、p27在EMsⅠ-Ⅱ期的表达显著高于Ⅲ-Ⅳ期(P<0.05),并与EMsr-AFS分期呈负相关(P<0.05)。各组内膜PTEN和p27的表达均呈正相关(P<0.05)。对照组PTEN、p27分泌期的表达均高于增生期(P<0.05),而EMs组在位内膜的表达均无周期性改变(P>0.05),但其分泌期的表达显著低于对照组同期水平(P<0.05)。结论:抑癌基因PTEN、p27在EMs在位和异位内膜的低表达及二者的协同作用,可能与EMs的发生发展有密切关系。     

VEGF及其受体KDR在子宫内膜异位症中的表达及意义

目的:通过检测血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)、激酶插入区受体(KDR)在子宫内膜异位症(EMs)患者异位内膜、在位内膜及血清和腹腔液中的表达,探讨VEGF及KDR在EMs发病机制中的作用。方法:应用免疫组化SP法检测并比较EMs异位内膜、在位内膜及对照组子宫内膜组织中VEGF及KDR的表达水平。应用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)检测并比较EMs组及对照组血清和腹腔液中VEGF及KDR的含量。结果:VEGF和KDR在EMs组异位内膜的表达明显高于在位内膜和正常内膜组(P<0.05),VEGF和KDR在在位内膜的表达明显高于正常对照组(P<0.05),且两者在EMs异位内膜的表达呈正相关(r=0.971,P<0.05)。EMs患者血清和腹腔液中VEGF及KDR含量明显高于对照组(P<0.01),临床分期较早(Ⅰ～Ⅱ)的EMs患者的血清和腹腔液中VEGF及KDR水平明显高于临床分期较晚(Ⅲ～Ⅳ)的患者(P<0.05)。EMs组腹腔液中VEGF及KDR浓度显著高于其血清中浓度(P<0.05)。结论:VEGF及KDR可能在EMs发生、发展过程中发挥了重要的作用,检测血清VEGF及KDR水平为EMs的早期诊断提供了一种新的可能方法,也为通过VEGF-VEGFR双靶向阻断血管来治疗EMs奠定了理论基础。     

Chromosome 4 deletions are frequent in invasive cervical cancer and differ between histologic variants

OBJECTIVE: Patterns of discontinuous deletion of chromosome 4 have been described in histologic variants of lung carcinomas and may represent different "hotspot" targets for gene-environment interactions. Since similar environmental risks exist for cervical cancer, we investigated patterns of discontinuous deletion in two major histologic variants. METHODS: Thirteen archival cases of squamous cell cancer (SCCA) and 11 cases of adenocarcinoma (AC) were precisely microdissected. Matched normal and tumor DNA were used for polymerase chain reaction (PCR) based loss of heterozygosity (LOH) analyses using 19 polymorphic markers spanning chromosome 4. Human papillomavirus (HPV) detection was determined by PCR using general and type-specific primers (HPV 16, 18). Differences in LOH between histologic tumor types and chromosomal regions were determined using Fisher's exact test. RESULTS: Loss at any chromosome 4 locus occurred in 92% of all tumors studied, with the majority of deletions occurring on the long arm of the chromosome. Four discrete minimal regions of discontinuous deletion (R) were identified. For these regions, LOH frequencies were 76% (R1, 4q34-q35), 48% (R2, 4q25-q26), 36% (R3, 4p15.1-p15.3), and 26% (R4, 4p16). Loss in SCCA predominated at 4q (4q34-q35; 83%) and in AC at 4p (4p15.3; 50%). Overall LOH on the p arm was significant in AC (82%) compared to SCCA (31%) (P = 0.02). HPV detection was similar in SCCA (85%) and AC (73%), and HPV 16/18 subtypes were similarly represented in both histologies. CONCLUSIONS: Chromosome 4 deletions are frequent in cervical carcinomas. Different patterns of deletion between SCCA and AC may represent gene regions targeted by different gene-environment interactions in these tumor subtypes.     

基质细胞衍生因子1、趋化因子受体4和淋巴管新生在子宫内膜异位症中的意义

目的:探讨基质细胞衍生因子1(SDF-1)、趋化因子受体4(CXCR4)及D2-40标记的微淋巴管密度(MLVD)在子宫内膜异位症(EMs)中的表达及意义。方法:选取2017年11月2018年5月就诊于南通大学第二附属医院的卵巢型EMs患者20例,取其在位内膜和异位内膜。另选取同期因子宫肌瘤行子宫切除或子宫肌瘤挖除术患者20例,取其正常内膜。比较不同内膜组织中SDF-1、CXCR4 mRNA和蛋白的表达水平及MLVD,并通过细胞划痕实验验证SDF-1对异位子宫内膜细胞迁移能力的影响。结果:①异位内膜中SDF-1、CXCR4 mRNA和蛋白表达水平及MLVD均高于在位内膜、正常内膜,且在位内膜中的表达水平高于正常内膜,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。②SDF-1处理组细胞迁移率高于DMEM-F12处理组细胞迁移率,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:SDF-1、CXCR4可能参与EMs的淋巴管新生,促进子宫内膜细胞的淋巴迁移,在疾病的发生、发展中发挥一定作用。     

Loss of Heterozygosity at the α-Inhibin Locus on Chromosome 2q Is Not a Feature of Human Granulosa Cell Tumors

The α-inhibin gene has been shown in knockout mouse models to be a suppressor of granulosa tumorigenesis in the mouse. To determine if α-inhibin has the same function in humans, we have assessed the frequency of loss of heterozygosity (LOH) of the α-inhibin gene locus on chromosome 2q in 17 human granulosa cell tumors and 36 epithelial ovarian cancers. LOH was detected in 12 of 36 (33.3%) epithelial tumors but in only 1 of 17 (6%) granulosa cell tumors. These data suggest that in contrast to the suggestions from the mouse model α-inhibin does not function as a granulosa cell tumor suppressor gene in the human. Furthermore, analysis of the TP53 gene in the granulosa cell tumors failed to detect either LOH or point mutations, indicating that they have a developmental pathway distinct from that of epithelial ovarian tumors.     

卵巢癌血清DNA 3号染色体短臂基因杂合性丢失的研究

目的：探讨血清NDA3号染色体短臂（3p14,25)等位基因杂合性丢失与卵巢癌发生,发展的相关性,方法：采用聚合酶链反应并结合二核苷酸重复序列多态性方法,分别对38例卵巢癌及8例卵巢良性肿瘤患者的血清DNA 3p14,25的4个微卫星位点（D3S1029,D3S1228,D3S1300,D3S1481）杂合性丢失进行检测,另外,检测38例中18例患者的组织及相应血清DNA 3p14,25杂合性丢失。:18列卵巢癌血清与肿瘤组织DNA3p14,25基因2个微卫星位点杂合性丢失率之间存明显的相关性（P＜0．05）,38例血清DNA标本中有29例（76％）至少在1个微卫星位点出现杂合性丢失,17例（45％）有2个以上微卫星位点出现杂合性丢失,卵巢癌II期,Ⅲ期,Ⅳ期出现杂合性丢失率分别为1／4,78％,8／9,。卵巢癌病理类型仅在微卫星D3S1029位点的杂合性丢失率比较,差异有显著性（P＝0．0074）。8例良性肿瘤组织及血清均未出现杂合性丢失。结论：卵巢癌患者血清DNA与肿瘤组织DNA3p14,25出现杂合性丢失密切相关,血清3p14,25出现杂合性丢失率与卵巢癌恶性程度有关。     

沙立度胺对大鼠子宫内膜异位组织中VEGF及TNF-α表达的影响

目的:探讨沙立度胺(thalidomide,THD)对大鼠子宫内膜异位组织中血管内皮生长因子(vascular endothelial growth factor,VEGF)和肿瘤坏死因子-α(tumornecrosis factor-alpha,TNF-α)表达的影响。方法:自体移植子宫内膜组织至腹膜,用SD大鼠建立子宫内膜异位症动物模型,3周后随机将建模成功的24只大鼠分为4组,每组6只,其中3组分别腹腔注射沙立度胺5mg/kg、20mg/kg和40mg/kg,模型对照组腹腔注射生理盐水,每天1次,连用4周。治疗结束后处死大鼠,获取异位子宫内膜组织。用免疫组化(SP)法测定VEGF和TNF-α在异位内膜的表达。结果:不同剂量THD给药组VEGF和TNF-α的表达均低于对照组(P0.05),其中以沙立度胺40mg/kg组最为明显。结论:THD可以抑制VEGF和TNF-α表达,从而发挥抗EMs血管生成作用,且其对VEGF和TNF-α表达的影响具有量效关系。     

Molecular genetic changes in human epithelial ovarian malignancies.

The frequent finding of loss of heterozygosity (LOH) for a specific chromosomal marker in tumor DNA compared to normal DNA suggests the presence of a closely linked tumor-suppressor gene. Using Southern blot analysis, 34 primary ovarian epithelial tumors were examined for the presence of tumor-specific allelic losses, using six probes for chromosomes 6q, 11p, 13q, 16q, and 17p. A high incidence of LOH was observed on 11p, 13q, and 17p. LOH for 17p was present in 3 of 4 (75%) informative benign ovarian tumors, 1 of 5 (20%) borderline tumors, and 16 of 24 (67%) invasive ovarian cancers. Allelic loss with the H-ras1 probe on 11p was present in 10 of 19 (53%) invasive tumors but was not identified in 6 benign or borderline tumors. LOH on 13q was present in 18 of 31 (58%) informative cases including 8 of 10 (80%) Stage 1 tumors. This preliminary study suggests that loss of tumor-suppressor genes on chromosomes 13q and 17p may be early events in ovarian tumorigenesis and that changes on chromosome 11p are later events.     

Loss of heterozygosity at the RB-1 locus and pRB immunostaining in epithelial ovarian tumors: a molecular, immunohistochemical, and clinicopathologic study.

Alterations in the retinoblastoma gene (RB-1) are common in human neoplasia. The frequency of loss of heterozygosity (LOH) at the RB-1 locus on chromosome 13q14 was studied in a series of 51 epithelial ovarian tumors (10 benign, 7 borderline, and 34 malignant). LOH was scored by the absence or reduction of the signal to < 50% of one of the alleles in tumor DNA compared with normal DNA. LOH results were correlated with retinoblastoma protein (pRB) immunostaining. LOH at the RB-1 locus was observed in 9 tumors (17.6%), specifically in 1 of 7 borderline tumors and 8 of 34 ovarian carcinomas (23.5%). Among the malignant tumors, LOH occurred more frequently in carcinomas with serous differentiation (7/23; 30%). A heterogeneous (10% to 70% cells) or diffuse (> 70% cells) pRB immunostaining was less frequent in benign (1/10; 10%) and borderline (2/7; 28%) tumors than in ovarian carcinomas (15/34; 44%), an observation that correlated with the higher proliferative index in carcinomas than in benign and borderline tumors. However, lack or only focal (< 10% cells) pRB immunostaining occurred in the vast majority of tumors with LOH at the RB-1 locus (7/9; 77%), a finding that may suggest a tumor suppressor role for RB-1 in these tumors. The results suggest that RB-1 may play a role in a subset of ovarian carcinomas, particularly those exhibiting serous differentiation.     

SPOCK2基因表观失活在卵巢子宫内膜异位症恶变中的作用

目的 通过比较卵巢子宫内膜异位症(内异症)恶变患者的恶变组织、异位内膜组织和在位内膜组织中SPOCK2基因的甲基化及蛋白表达情况,探讨该基因的表观失活在卵巢内异症恶变中的作用.方法 选择2005年1月至2011年1月在中国医科大学附属盛京医院妇产科住院手术、并经术后病理确诊为卵巢内异症恶变患者22例的病理石蜡标本为恶变组(包括11例卵巢内膜样癌、8例透明细胞癌、2例浆液性囊腺癌及1例黏液性囊腺癌),以同期22例单纯卵巢内异症患者的异位内膜及在位内膜的病理石蜡标本(内异症组)及16例宫颈上皮内瘤变(CIN)Ⅲ患者的正常子宫内膜的病理石蜡标本(对照组)为对照.通过显微切割技术分别获取恶变组患者的恶变组织22份,癌旁异位内膜组织15份及在位内膜组织10份;内异症组患者的异位内膜组织22份及在位内膜组织17份;对照组患者的正常子宫内膜组织16份.通过亚硫酸盐修饰后酶切技术检测各组织中SPOCK2基因甲基化情况,免疫组化SP法检测SPOCK2基因的蛋白表达情况.探讨SPOCK2基因异常甲基化与其蛋白表达的关系.结果 (1)SPOCK2基因甲基化情况:恶变组患者的恶变组织中,SPOCK2基因甲基化发生率为45％(10/22),显著高于癌旁异位内膜组织(1/15),两者比较,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);恶变组患者的癌旁内异症组织中SPOCK2基因甲基化发生率(1/15)与内异症组患者的异位内膜(5％,1/22)比较,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).(2)SPOCK2基因蛋白表达情况:恶变组患者的恶变组织中SPOCK2基因蛋白表达缺失率为44％(11/22),显著高于恶变组患者癌旁异位内膜组织的2/15,两者比较,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);但恶变组患者癌旁异位内膜组织中SPOCK2基因蛋白表达缺失率(2/15)与内异症组异位内膜(5％,1/22)比较,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).3组在位内膜组织中SOPCK2基因的蛋白表达缺失率比较,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).(3)SPOCK2基因甲基化与其蛋白表达缺失的关系:SPOCK2基因异常甲基化能够导致其蛋白表达缺失( 20/22,P＜0.05).结论 SPOCK2基因的表观失活与卵巢内异症恶变相关.     

Frequent allelic imbalance of tumor suppressor gene loci in cervical dysplasia.

In addition to human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, loss of heterozygosity (LOH) at tumor suppressor gene loci has been frequently observed in cervical cancer. Thus, it may be assumed that detection and characterization of specific LOH profiles in preneoplastic lesions, in addition to HPV typing, might facilitate assessment of progression risk of cervical dysplasia. In this study, the type and frequency of allelic imbalance (allelic loss or allelic reduction) were analyzed in 24 unrelated cervical lesions using 14 polymorphic microsatellite markers at different tumor suppressor gene loci. No allelic loss was observed in four condylomatous lesions, whereas 2 of 13 (15%) CIN I lesions displayed allelic loss at 3p25 and 5q11-13. In high-grade lesions, however, allelic loss occurred in four of six (66%) cases at multiple chromosomal regions (3p14-25, 5p15, 5q11, 5q21, 11p15, and 17q21). Allelic reduction was observed in 4 of 13 (30%) low-grade lesions and 3 of 6 (50%) high-grade lesions. LOH was confined to lesions infected by high-risk HPV types. These data suggest that chromosomal instability is an early event in cervical carcinogenesis. The detection of LOH on multiple chromosome 3p loci in 50% of high-grade lesions suggests that a specific marker panel encompassing this region might enable better assessment of which lesions are likely to regress, persist, or progress.     

细胞外基质金属蛋白酶诱导因子、基质金属蛋白酶9及P38丝裂原活化蛋白激酶在子宫内膜异位症中的表达及相关性

目的探讨细胞外基质金属蛋白酶诱导因子(extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer,EMMPRIN)、基质金属蛋白酶9(matrix metalloproteinases-9,MMP-9)和P38丝裂原活化蛋白激酶(mitogen-activated protein kinase,MAPK)在子宫内膜异位症(endometriosis,EMs)中的表达及相关性。方法收集2008年5-12月重庆医科大学附属第一医院收治的EMs患者44例(异位内膜44例,在位内膜38例),对照组为同期非EMs患者在位内膜34例。应用免疫组化SABC三步法检测各组织中EMMPRIN、MMP-9、P38及磷酸化P385(p-P38)蛋白的表达,并对各蛋白表达水平进行相关性分析。结果 EMMPRIN、MMP-9、P38、p-P38蛋白在EMs异位内膜表达均高于EMs在位内膜组及对照组在位内膜,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);Spearman相关分析显示,在EMs异位内膜中各蛋白表达呈正相关(P<0.05)。在EMs异位内膜组中各蛋白表达Ⅲ～Ⅳ期高于Ⅰ～Ⅱ期,差异均有统计学意义(P<0....     

Evaluation of deletions in 7q11.2 and 8p12-p21 as prognostic indicators of tumour development following molar pregnancy

OBJECTIVES: Previous studies have identified loss of chromosomal regions 7p12-q11.2 and 8p12-p21 in choriocarcinoma suggesting that suppressor genes involved in tumour development may be located within these regions. Our objectives were to refine the regions of loss and evaluate these deletions as prognostic indicators of trophoblastic tumour development following molar pregnancy. METHODS: Fluorescent microsatellite genotyping was used to perform deletion mapping in a series of thirty-nine gestational trophoblastic tumours (GTT) including both choriocarcinoma and placental site trophoblastic tumours. RESULTS: Significant loss of heterozygosity (LOH) was found for both regions in GTT that originated in non-molar pregnancies. Although no common interval of loss was found in those GTT with LOH for the 7q11.2 region, for the 8p12-p21 locus, markers D8S1731 and NEFL defined a minimal region of loss in all tumours showing LOH. However, complete LOH of either region occurred in only a minority of tumours (20%; chromosome 7: 24%; chromosome 8) suggesting that loss of neither region is likely to be a primary event in the development of GTT. This was further supported by the observation that no deletions were found in either region for the fourteen GTT that followed complete molar pregnancies. CONCLUSIONS: While we have defined a minimal interval in 8p12-p21 in which tumour suppressor genes involved in GTT are likely to be located, the data suggest that deletions in 7q11.2 or 8p12-p21 are unlikely to be useful prognostic indicators in the management of patients with molar pregnancies.