Background
Patellofemoral pain (PFP) is a common overuse injury in physically active individuals. It is characterized by anterior knee, retropatellar, or prepatellar pain associated with activities that increase patellofemoral joint stress such as squatting, stair ascending and descending, running, jumping, prolonged sitting, and kneeling. The etiology of PFP is believed to be multifactorial. Recently, proximal factors have been shown to influence the biomechanics of patellofemoral joint.Objective
The aim of the study was to assess hip and knee muscle activity during single leg stance and single leg squat in males with PFP and a control group without PFP.Methods
Eighteen males with PFP (age 24.2?±?4.4 years) and 18 healthy subjects as controls (age 23.5?±?3.8 years) were included. We evaluated gluteus medius, gluteus maximus, vastus medialis oblique (VMO), and vastus lateralis (VL) electromyographic (EMG) activity. The muscle activity and reaction time of the proposed muscles were assessed during single leg stance and single leg squat tasks. Independent t-test was used to identify significant differences between PFP and control groups.Results
No difference in activity of the gluteus maximus muscle was found in either task (p?>?0.5). Significant differences were found in activity of gluteus medius and VMO in both tasks (p?<?0.05). VL muscle activity had significant difference in single leg stance (p?=?0.01), however, had no significant difference in single leg squat (p?=?0.1). No significant differences were found in reaction time of the four studied muscles during both single leg stance and single leg squat (p?>?0.5).Conclusion
Males with PFP demonstrated altered gluteus medius, VMO, and VL muscle activity during single leg stance and single leg squat compared to healthy subjects. Gluteus maximus activity did not show any changes between groups. Moreover, muscle recruitment patterns were different between PFP and healthy groups. 相似文献Purpose/Background:
Hip abduction strengthening exercises may be critical in the prevention and rehabilitation of both overuse and traumatic injuries where knee frontal plane alignment is considered to be important. The purpose of the current investigation was to examine the muscular activation of the gluteus maximus and gluteus medius during the double-leg squat (DLS), single-leg squat (SLS), or front step-up (FSU), and the same exercises when an added load was used to pull the knee medially.Methods:
Eighteen healthy females (ages 18-26) performed six exercises: DLS, DLS with load, FSU, FSU with load, SLS, and SLS with load. Integrated and peak surface electromyography of gluteus maximus and gluteus medius of the dominant leg were recorded and normalized. Motion analysis was used to measure knee abduction angle during each exercise.Results:
SLS had the highest integrated and peak activation for both muscles, regardless of load. Adding load, only increased DLS integrated gluteus maximus activation (p=0.019). Load did not increase integrated gluteus medius or peak gluteus maximus activation. Adding load decreased SLS peak gluteus medius activation (p=0.003). Adding load increased peak knee abduction angle during DLS (p=0.013), FSU (p=0.000), and SLS (p=0.011).Conclusions:
Overall, the SLS was most effective exercise for activating the gluteus maximus and gluteus medius. Applied knee load does not appear to increase muscle activation during SLS and FSU. DLS with an applied load may be more beneficial in activating the gluteus maximus. Overall, the use of applied loads appears to promote poorer musculoskeletal alignment in terms of peak knee valgus angle.Level of Evidence: 3 相似文献Background
Femoral osseointegrated implants represent a new development in amputee rehabilitation, eliminating socket pressure discomfort, improving hip range of movement and facilitating prosthetic limb attachment. A clinical aspect that has not previously been reported on is the function of muscles in the residuum with implications concerning energy expenditure, hip-hiking and viability of the electrogram as a myoprocessor. Typically, amputees fitted with osseointegrated fixation have shorter residuums and weaker attachment of cleaved muscles. Function of muscle can be assessed by surface electromyography through changes in amplitude and median frequency of the signal.Methods
Five male transfemoral amputees with osseointegrated fixations participated together with a control group comprised of ten adult males. Electrodes recorded surface electromyographic activity of five residual limb muscles or left lower limb muscles of control subjects. Isometric contractions were performed against resistance. The increase in mean rectified amplitude from resting to maximally contracting was calculated and median frequencies estimated.Findings
The amputees were unable to maintain a maximum voluntary contraction of constant amplitude. Amplitude increase was lowest for rectus femoris and adductor magnus. The median frequency of adductor magnus was significantly greater (P = 0.02) for the amputees than intact subjects and there was a significant difference (P < 0.01) between gluteus maximus and adductor magnus for amputee subjects.Interpretation
High electromyographic amplitude variability suggests that using residuum muscles singly as a myoprocessor might be challenging. Adductor magnus displayed a different sEMG profile compared to intact subjects indicating decreased function and neuromuscular changes. Further work into optimal muscle anchorage is required to ensure maximal mechanical performance. 相似文献Background
Low back pain is often associated with increased spinal stiffness which thought to arise from increased muscle activity. Unfortunately, the association between paraspinal muscle activity and paraspinal stiffness, as well as the spatial distribution of this relation, is unknown. The purpose of this investigation was to employ new technological developments to determine the relation between spinal muscle contraction and spinal stiffness over a large region of the lumbar spine.Methods
Thirty-two male subjects performed graded isometric prone right hip extension at four different exertion levels (0%, 10%, 25% and 50% of the maximum voluntary contraction) to induce asymmetric back muscle activity. The corresponding stiffness and muscle activity over bilateral paraspinal lumbar regions was measured by indentation loading and topography surface electromyography, respectively. Paraspinal stiffness and muscle activity were then plotted and their correlation was determined.Findings
Data from this study demonstrated the existence of an asymmetrical gradient in muscle activation and paraspinal stiffness in the lumbar spine during isometric prone right hip extension. The magnitude and scale of the gradient increased with the contraction force. A positive correlation between paraspinal stiffness and paraspinal muscle activity existed irrespective of the hip extension effort (Pearson correlation coefficient, range 0.566–0.782 (P < 0.001)).Interpretation
Our results demonstrate the creation of an asymmetrical gradient of muscle activity and paraspinal stiffness during right hip extension. Future studies will determine if alterations in this gradient may possess diagnostic or prognostic value for patients with low back pain. 相似文献Objectives
To investigate whether there was a gender difference in the intensity of electromyographic (EMG) activity in vastus medialis oblique (VMO) relative to vastus lateralis (VL).Design
A cross-sectional observational study measuring EMG activity during stepping down from a step and during straight leg raise exercises.Setting
University campus laboratory.Participants
Two groups of healthy participants were tested, one female (mean age 23.5 years, n = 15) and one male (mean age 23.5 years, n = 15).Main outcome measures
Surface EMG activity (sampling rate 1000 Hz) was recorded from VMO and VL of the dominant limb during five repetitions of a step down activity and five repetitions of a straight leg raise exercise. The average intensity of the rectified and smoothed EMG activity from each activity was normalised to that elicited in a maximal quadriceps setting exercise. The ratio of normalised VMO:VL EMG intensity levels was calculated.Results
The median difference in the VMO:VL ratio between the groups was 0.11 [approximate 95% confidence interval (CI) −0.62 to 1.00] during step down and −0.07 (approximate 95% CI −0.26 to 0.20) during straight leg raise. Using Mann Whitney U-tests, these differences were not statistically significant (P = 0.648 and 0.619, respectively).Conclusions
This study found no gender difference in the VMO:VL EMG intensity ratio in asymptomatic participants. This suggests that the difference in incidence of patellofemoral pain syndrome between genders is not influenced by quadriceps intensity ratios, when participants are asymptomatic. 相似文献Background
Biomechanical studies have linked handrim wheelchair propulsion with a prevalence of upper limb musculoskeletal disorders. The purpose of this study was to record upper limb muscle recruitment patterns using surface electromyography during wheelchair propulsion. Recordings were made for various wheelchair configurations to understand the effect of wheelchair configuration on muscle recruitment.Methods
Ten paraplegic and ten able-bodied subjects propelled a test wheelchair on a roller ergometer system at a comfortable speed. Twelve wheelchair configurations were tested. Upper limb surface electromyography and kinematics were recorded for each configuration. Based on the hand position relative to the handrim, the propulsion cycle was divided into three phases to explain the activation patterns.Findings
Compared to the able-bodied subjects, the paraplegic subjects presented higher activation. This is the case for all muscles in the early push phase, for the triceps brachii, pectoralis major and latissimus dorsi in the late push phase and for the trapezius, triceps brachii and latissimus dorsi during recovery. During early push, activation of nearly all muscles was affected by the axle position, where as seat height only affected biceps brachii and pectoralis major activation. During late push, the deltoid anterior was affected by axle position and the biceps brachii by seat height. During recovery, the trapezius was affected by axle position, the deltoid posterior by seat height and the biceps brachii by both.Interpretation
Upper limb muscle recruitment differences highlight that future studies on wheelchair propulsion should only be done with wheelchair experienced paraplegic subjects. Furthermore, this study provides indications on how muscle recruitment is affected by wheelchair configuration. 相似文献Purpose/Background:
Previous research studies by Bolga, Ayotte, and Distefano have examined the level of muscle recruitment of the gluteal muscles for various clinical exercises; however, there has been no cross comparison among the top exercises from each study. The purpose of this study is to compare top exercises from these studies as well as several other commonly performed clinical exercises to determine which exercises recruit the gluteal muscles, specifically the gluteus medius and maximus, most effectively.Methods:
Twenty-six healthy subjects participated in this study. Surface EMG electrodes were placed on gluteus medius and maximus to measure muscle activity during 18 exercises. Maximal voluntary muscle contraction (MVIC) was established for each muscle group in order to express each exercise as a percentage of MVIC and allow standardized comparison across subjects. EMG data were analyzed using a root-mean-square algorithm and smoothed with a 50 millisecond time reference. Rank ordering of the exercises was performed utilizing the average percent MVIC peak activity for each exercise.Results:
Twenty-four subjects satisfied all eligibility criteria and consented to participate in the research study. Five of the exercises produced greater than 70%MVIC of the gluteus medius muscle. In rank order from highest EMG value to lowest, these exercises were: side plank abduction with dominant leg on bottom (103%MVIC), side plank abduction with dominant leg on top (89%MVIC), single limb squat (82%MVIC), clamshell (hip clam) progression 4 (77%MVIC), and font plank with hip extension (75%MVIC). Five of the exercises recruited gluteus maximus with values greater than 70%MVIC. In rank order from highest EMG value to lowest, these exercises were: front plank with hip extension (106%MVIC), gluteal squeeze (81%MVIC), side plank abduction with dominant leg on top (73%MVIC), side plank abduction with dominant leg on bottom (71%MVIC), and single limb squat (71%MVIC). Four of the exercises produced greater than 70%MVIC for both gluteus maximus and medius muscles.Conclusions:
Higher %MVIC values achieved during performance of exercises correlate to muscle hypertrophy.20,22 By knowing the %MVIC of the gluteal musculature that occurs during various exercises, potential for strengthening of the gluteal muscles can be inferred. Additionally, exercises may be rank ordered to appropriately challenge the gluteal musculature during rehabilitation. 相似文献Method: Electromyographic (EMG) signals of the orbicularis oris superior [OOS], orbicularis oris inferior [OOI] and depressor labii inferioris [DLI] were recorded during syllable production and expressed as polar-phase notations.
Result: PD participants exhibited the general features of reciprocity between OOS, OOI and DLI muscles as reflected in the EMG during syllable production. The control group showed significantly higher integrated EMG amplitude ratio in the DLI:OOS muscle pairs than PD participants. No speech rate effects were found in EMG muscle reciprocity and amplitude magnitude across all muscle pairs.
Conclusion: Similar patterns of muscle reciprocity in PD and controls suggest that corticomotoneuronal output to the facial nucleus and respective perioral muscles is relatively well-preserved in our cohort of mild idiopathic PD participants. Reduction of EMG amplitude ratio among PD participants is consistent with the putative reduction in the thalamocortical activation characteristic of this disease which limits motor cortex drive from generating appropriate commands which contributes to bradykinesia and hypokinesia of the orofacial mechanism. 相似文献