Increased cytotoxicity by the combination of radiation and diospyrin diethylether in fibrosarcoma in culture and in tumor

Objective: Radio-resistance in tumor cells and associated escape from apoptotic mechanism is a major problem in clinical cancer radiotherapy. Therefore, as a strategy to enhance the apoptosis, a combination of radiation and tumor-selective cytotoxic agents might improve the efficacy of treatment. Thus, the radiomodifying potential of diospyrin diethylether (D7), a plant-derived antitumor agent, was studied in fibrosarcoma tumor, both in vitro and in vivo.

Material and methods: Mouse and human fibrosarcoma (Wehi164; HT1080) cells were treated with D7, alone, or in combination with radiation, for determination of cytotoxicity, clonogenic survival, and apoptotic death assays. Involvement of oxidative mechanism and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) was studied in different treatment groups. In addition, fibrosarcoma-bearing mice were treated with D7 (intravenously, two doses, each of 1 mg/kg body weight) combined with radiation (two fractions of 2.5 Gy each) at appropriate intervals. The tumor volume was measured to assess ‘tumor growth delay’, and liver function enzymes in the serum of mice were estimated after the treatments.

Results: A combination treatment with D7 and radiation showed enhancement in cytotoxicity and apoptotic induction and decrease in clonogenic survival of tumor cells, as compared to the treatments with the drug or radiation alone. Moreover, D7 in combination with radiation could significantly inhibit the radiation-induced NF-κB activation, and showed the generation of comparatively more intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS). Similarly, a combination of D7 and radiation in vivo caused significant inhibition of tumor growth in vivo, and restoring the liver enzyme activity to the ‘normal’ level.

Conclusion: The combined treatment with quinonoid D7 and radiation caused increased cytotoxicity compared to single treatment with either agent alone in fibrosarcoma tumor systems, both in vitro and in vivo.     

红景天挥发油的化学成分研究

目的 :对云南红景天挥发油的化学成分进行了研究。方法 :采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取红景天挥发油 ,以气相色谱 质谱 计算机 (GC MS DS)联用技术 ,对挥发油的化学成分进行了分析鉴定。结果 :分离出约 90个峰 ,鉴定了其中的 4 4个化合物 ,占挥发油色谱峰总面积的 87.93%。结论 :云南红景天主要成分为正辛醇 (2 8.2 5% )、牛儿醇 (2 1.92 % )、里哪醇 (8.34% )、桃金娘醇 (4 .6 6 % )、正葵醇 (4 .0 9% )及橙花醇乙酸酯 (3.52 % )等     

葡多酚对辐射引发胰腺细胞Bcl-2和Bax蛋白异常表达的影响

目的探讨葡多酚（GPC）对亚慢性辐射引发的小鼠胰腺细胞凋亡及Bcl-2和Bax蛋白异常表达的抑制作用.方法给口服GPC的小鼠用60Co γ射线进行亚慢性辐照（每周5次,连续4周）,末次照射后第2天处死动物,取胰腺组织用免疫组化染色试剂盒测定Bcl-2和Bax表达水平、透射电镜观察细胞超微结构的变化.结果GPC保护组Bcl-2表达率为51.1%,较辐射对照组升高;而Bax表达率则低于辐射对照组;细胞超微结构损伤较辐射对照组减轻.各项差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.结论GPC可抑制亚慢性辐射诱发的小鼠胰腺细胞凋亡及Bcl-2和Bax蛋白异常表达,对亚慢性辐射损伤有一定防护作用.     

Effect of gamma radiation on the structural and biological properties of Angiotensin II

Purpose: The vasoactive octapeptide hormone angiotensin II (DRVYIHPF, AngII) was selected as the target of this2investigation, which was aimed at determining the effect of gamma radiation on peptide structure and biological activity.

Materials and methods: Radiation doses ranging from 1–15 kGy were applied to samples of purified AngII.

Results: The measured amount of remaining native hormone decreased non-linearly as the gamma radiation dose increases. Amino acid analysis of these irradiated peptide solutions demonstrated similar, simultaneous modifications of Phe⁸ and His⁶ residues along with the increase in the radiation dose. This structural variation of the vasoactive peptide closely resembled the decreasing process of the biological potencies of irradiated peptide solutions in rat uterus and guinea pig ileum muscle preparations.

Conclusions: These findings suggest that investigating the effect of gamma radiation on small model molecules such as peptides could be of value for further extending this type of study to other physiologically relevant macromolecules such as proteins. Of note, this unique approach could also be useful in generating different types of peptide analogs (after purification) for application in future classical structure-function studies.     

氨氯地平联合替米沙坦对原发性高血压患者血管内皮功能及生活质量的影响

  目的 探讨氨氯地平与替米沙坦对原发性高血压患者血管内皮功能及生活质量的影响。 方法 选择解放军第153中心医院2016-04至2017-05收治的原发性高血压患者74例,随机分为对照组(n=37,口服氨氯地平治疗)和研究组(n=37,口服氨氯地平+替米沙坦治疗),比较两组患者血压控制、内皮功能及生活质量改善效果等。 结果 治疗2、4、8周后,研究组患者平均舒张压、收缩压水平均低于对照组(P<0.05);治疗后,研究组ET、LOP水平均显著低于对照组(t=8.410、18.329,P<0.05),NO、SOD水平显著高于对照组(t=14.834、6.515,P<0.05);研究组治疗后GQOLI-74量表中4个维度评分均显著高于治疗前,同时显著高于对照组(P<0.05);两组不良反应发生率分别为10.81%、13.51%,组间对比无统计学差异。 结论 给予原发性高血压患者氨氯地平+替米沙坦治疗,可获得更理想血压控制效果,能改善患者血管内皮功能,提高患者生活质量,且不会增加不良反应。     

The Effect of Radiation on the Activity of Reticuloendothelial Cells in Organ Cultures of Lymph Node and Thymus

Summary

Functional activity of the RE cells in organ cultures of lymph node and thymus was explored by observing their ability to take up and segregate various colloidal dyes and various preparations of iron. Sodium carmine (50 mg per cent in serum-containing medium) was the most satisfactory test substance, and the percentage of RE cells that had segregated dye after exposure for 24 and 48 hours was determined from cell-counts made on film preparations.

In cultures subjected to 10, 20 or 40 kr of x-radiation before exposure to carmine, the percentage of active RE cells was somewhat higher than in controls. It was concluded that the ability of these RE cells to segregate colloidal dye was not impaired during the first two days after doses up to 40 kr. Even after 100 kr most of the cells were active until their death on the second or third day.

In normal cultures exposed to a mixture of trypan blue and sodium carmine, it was noticed that some cells took up trypan blue only, whereas closely adjacent cells might take up carmine only.     

基于Warburg效应通路的分子分型对宫颈癌预后和术后放疗疗效的影响

目的 研究Warburg效应通路的分子丙酮酸脱氢酶激酶1（pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 1,PDK1）、磷酸化的丙酮酸脱氢酶（phosphorylated Pyruvate dehydrogenase,p-PDH）和丙酮酸激酶M2型（Pyruvate kinase isozyme type M2,PKM2）在宫颈癌组织中的表达情况,并探讨上述分子对宫颈癌预后和术后放疗疗效的影响。方法 免疫组织化学法检测102例接受根治性手术的宫颈癌患者原发灶组织中PDK1、p-PDH和PKM2的表达水平,其中63例接受术后放疗,分别单独和联合分析三分子的表达对宫颈癌预后和术后放疗疗效的影响。利用GEO数据集300例数据进行mRNA水平验证。生存分析用Kaplan-Meier法,COX回归模型用于单因素和多因素预后分析。结果 PDK1和PDK1^high/p-PDH^high/PKM2^high指标同时高表达与盆腔淋巴结转移正相关（χ²=10.890、7.407,P<0.05）。PDK1^high/p-PDH^high/PKM2^high、国际妇产科联盟（FIGO）分期、盆腔淋巴结转移和术后放疗是影响总生存（OS）和无病生存（DFS）的因素（P<0.05）;多因素分析显示,PDK1^high/PDH^high/PKM2^high、FIGO分期和术后放疗是影响OS和DFS的独立预后因素（P<0.05）。GEO数据集验证结果显示,PDK1^high/PDH^high/PKM2^high是DFS的危险因素（P<0.05）。病理分型、盆腔淋巴结转移和PDK1^high/p-PDH^high/PKM2^high是术后放疗DFS的影响因素（P<0.05）;多因素分析显示,病理分型和PDK1^high/p-PDH^high/PKM2^high（P<0.05）是影响术后放疗DFS的独立预后因素。结论 PDK1^high/p-PDH^high/PKM2^high亚型宫颈癌患者预后和术后放疗无复发生存差,此亚型患者可能为Ⅰ~Ⅱ_B期宫颈癌预后不良和术后放疗易复发的高危人群,为宫颈癌的分层治疗提供新思路。     

电离辐射对肺癌A549细胞miR-21体内外表达的影响及意义

目的 研究miR-21在肺癌组织及血清中的表达与肺癌预后及放疗因素的关系,进而探讨电离辐射对人肺癌A549细胞体内外表达miR-21的影响。方法 收集肺癌患者病理组织及血清样本,检测不同病理类型肺癌组织及血清中的miR-21的表达水平,同时检测是否接受放疗的非小细胞肺癌患者血清中miR-21的表达水平,并进行生存分析;以2、4 Gy X射线照射体外培养的A549细胞,并以A549细胞制备裸鼠肺转移癌模型,分别检测A549细胞与裸鼠血清及肺中miR-21的表达水平。结果 肺癌组织中miR-21高表达占60.0%;肺癌血清中miR-21高表达占50.5%,腺癌与鳞癌检出率差异有统计学意义（χ²=5.766,P<0.05）;87例非小细胞肺癌中放疗患者miR-21检出率66.7%显著高于非放疗患者39.6%（χ²=6.321,P<0.05）;Kaplan-Meier法生存分析显示,miR-21高表达患者预后明显低于低表达患者,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;Cox回归模型分析显示,miR-21高表达、区域淋巴结转移及放疗均为影响患者预后的独立危险因素。2、4 Gy X射线照射A549细胞后不同时间点miR-21表达显著升高（t=-7.552~-1.206,P<0.05）,miR-21在裸鼠血清及肺组织中的表达水平显著升高（t=-47.845~-2.356,P<0.05）。结论 电离辐射可上调A549细胞体内外miR-21的表达水平,可能与增强A549细胞侵袭转移能力相关。     

Effect of hyperthermia alone and in combination with 60Co radiation on the growth of B16 melanoma in mice

B16 melanoma was grown in the tail of B6D2F1/BOM mice. Procedures for simultaneous local 60Co irradiation and heat treatment are described. A dose of 4 Gy had no effect on tumour growth; heat treatment at 41.5 degrees C for 200 min had a minor effect, while the combined treatment caused a marked delay in tumor growth. Heat treatment of tumours in the thigh at 41.5 degrees C for 2 hours did not influence the frequency of lung metastases.     

Effect of gamma radiation as a post-harvest disinfestation treatment against life stages of the coffee berry borer,Hypothenemus hampei (Ferrari) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)

Abstract

Purpose: Gamma radiation is mainly used for disinfesting insect pests as an alternative for harmful fumigants. The specific dose of radiation is known to affect different developmental stages of insect pests. The study was conducted to determine the effective irradiation doses for inhibition of developmental stages and adult longevity of the coffee berry borer, Hypothenemus hampei (Ferrari).

Materials and methods: Irradiation was carried with the following doses: five levels between 0.01 and 0.16?kGy for eggs, seven levels between 0.10 and 2.00?kGy for larva and prepupa, six levels between 0.10 and 1.60?kGy for pupa and ten levels between 0.10 and 3.20?kGy for adults.

Results: Egg development was completely arrested at 0.160?kGy. A dose of 2.00?kGy caused 100% mortality in the first and second instar larva and 98.99% mortality in prepupa. The dose of 1.60?kGy prevented adult eclosion from the irradiated pupa. The adult mortality was 100% at 3.20?kGy.

Conclusion: A dose of 3.20 kGy could successfully provide complete security from all developmental stages of H. hampei and prevent yield loss in green coffee as well as the spread of the pest.     

X射线对人肺腺癌A549细胞增殖及线粒体DNA基因表达的影响

目的 研究X射线辐射对人肺腺癌A549细胞增殖及线粒体DNA(mtDNA)基因表达的影响。方法 8 MV X射线以4 Gy的吸收剂量照射A549细胞,照射后不同时间检测细胞周期分布和凋亡率,电镜下观察细胞超微结构,人mtDNA基因表达谱芯片检测靶基因的表达变化。结果 照射后12 h即出现G₂/M期的阻滞,凋亡率在照射后48 h达到峰值,透射电镜下可见凋亡的形态改变。X射线照射后mtDNA编码基因表达呈普遍下调,包括12 h组的1种tRNA和4种mRNA基因、24 h组的2种tRNA和4种mRNA基因、48 h组的13种mRNA和2种rRNA及4种tRNA基因、72 h组的11种mRNA和2种rRNA基因。结论 X射线辐射可导致A549细胞G₂/M期阻滞,mtDNA编码基因的普遍低表达可能和辐射诱导凋亡相关。     

Effect of cobalt-60 gamma radiation on total hemocyte content and biochemical parameters in Macrobrachium rosenbergii (De Man, 1879)

Abstract

Purpose: The effect of low level cobalt-60 (⁶⁰Co) gamma radiation on the freshwater prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii was evaluated by observing their hemocyte counts and biochemical parameters.

Materials and methods: Prawns were exposed to 3, 30, 300 and 3000 milligray (mGy) dose levels and their tissues of gills, hepatopancreas and muscle were analyzed.

Results: The results showed that the number of hemocytes in the hemolymph and concentrations of protein and carbohydrate were significantly reduced in irradiated groups than compared to the control prawn. Increased aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), Acetyl choline esterase (AChE) in the irradiated groups reflects tissue damage.

Conclusions: Hence, this study concludes that even low level of ionizing radiation (⁶⁰Co gamma) can cause acute damages in gills, hepatopancreas and muscles in irradiated groups.

• Highlights

• ⁶⁰Co exposures effect the THC and biochemical of prawn M. rosenbergii.

• Different dose levels such as 3, 30, 300 and 3000?mGy.

• Biochemical parameters serve as reliable indicators of physical status of organism.

• Self-regulating mechanisms might be the reason for preventing from the lethality.

• Suggested that nuclear industries should manage below 3?mGy.

     

Developmental effects of fractionated low-dose exposure to gamma radiation on behaviour and susceptibility of the cholinergic system in mice

Purpose: To investigate whether neonatal exposure to fractionated external gamma radiation and co-exposure to radiation and nicotine can affect/exacerbate developmental neurotoxic effects, including altered behavior/cognitive function and the susceptibility of the cholinergic system in adult male mice. Materials and methods: Neonatal male Naval Medical Research Institute (NMRI) mice were irradiated with one 200 mGy fraction/day and/or exposed to nicotine (66 μg/kg b.w.) twice daily on postnatal day (PND) 10, 10–11, 10–12 or 10–13 (nicotine only). At 2 months of age the animals were tested for spontaneous behavior in a novel home environment, habituation capacity and nicotine-induced behavior. Results: Fractionated irradiation and co-exposure to radiation and nicotine on three consecutive days disrupted behavior and habituation and altered susceptibility of the cholinergic system. All observed effects were significantly more pronounced in mice co-exposed to both radiation and nicotine. Conclusions: The fractionated irradiation regime affects behavior/cognitive function in a similar manner as has previously been observed for single-dose exposures. Neonatal co-exposure to radiation and nicotine, during a critical period of brain development in general and cholinergic system development in particular, enhance these behavioral defects suggesting that the cholinergic system can be a target system for this type of developmental neurotoxic effects.     

吴茱萸炮制前后挥发油成分及毒性的比较研究

目的 分析吴茱萸炮制前后挥发油含量、组分及毒性的变化,为阐明吴茱萸炮制减毒机理提供科学依据.方法 采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取吴茱萸生品和制品挥发油,用GC-MS法鉴定化学成分.采用经典小鼠急性毒性试验,对吴茱萸生、制品挥发油毒性进行比较,并用Bliss法计算LD50值.结果 吴茱萸生、制品挥发油收率分别为0.75%和0.65...     

8周跑台运动对肥胖大鼠血浆和下丘脑神经肽Y蛋白及其基因表达的影响

目的:探讨运动对肥胖大鼠摄食以及血浆和下丘脑神经肽Y(NPY)的影响。方法:10周营养性肥胖建模成功SD大鼠,分为对照组(C)和运动组(E)。运动组大鼠进行坡度5%、速度20m/min、每天40min的电动跑台训练,共8周。在最后一次运动结束后24小时取材。测试两组大鼠摄食量和血清学指标,包括血糖(GLU)、甘油三酯(TG)、胆固醇(CHOL)、高密度脂蛋白(HDL)和低密度脂蛋白(LDL);血浆和下丘脑NPY蛋白表达以及下丘脑NPY基因表达。结果:E组大鼠摄食量显著低于C组,血脂等血清学指标无显著差异;E组血浆NPY显著低于C组,而下丘脑NPY蛋白和基因表达显著高于C组。结论:8周跑台运动使肥胖大鼠下丘脑NPY合成和分泌增加,这种变化可防止机体能量进一步消耗,有利于恢复。     

Effect of γ-irradiation on the occurrence of pathogenic microorganisms and nutritive value of four principal cereal grains

The effects of ⁶⁰Co γ-photon-irradiation on the natural occurrence of pathogenic microorganisms in four principal cereal grains and on amino acids and vitamins in these cereals were investigated. The total numbers of aerobic bacteria were reduced by three logarithmic decades when grains were given a dose of 10 kGy. Coliforms and “coagulase- positive” staphylococci were inhibited by a dose of 1 kGy, whereas fungi were inhibited by a dose of 5 kGy. The 15 kGy dose eliminated viable microorganisms in cereal grains, and about 10–30 colony-forming units of Clostridium sp. per gram of grain survived after this dose. The dose of 10 kGy did not cause any measurable destruction of total amino acids. Thiamin was reduced by 22–33% and riboflavin by 10–16% after a dose of 10 kGy. Irradiation did not increase the acid values significantly, but did increase the peroxide values, which was not accompanied by the off-odors of cereals. We conclude that the overall dose of 10 kGy is very effective for microbial decontamination of cereal grains, and does not adversely affect the nutritional quality of cereal grains.     

氨化处理对油葵秸秆营养成分及消化率的影响

本研究以全株脱籽油葵秸秆为氨化原料,分别设添加NaCl 0.5%+尿素2%(氨化处理1)和NaCl0.5%+尿素2%+生石灰1.5%(氨化处理2)进行处理,在秋季氨化3个月后观察对营养成分及消化率变化的影响。结果表明,氨化处理显著提高油葵秸秆的粗蛋白(CP)含量,显著降低中性洗涤纤维(NDF)和酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)、并改善消化率,但两种氨化处理的消化率没有显著差异(P>0.05)。氨化处理2的CP体外干物质消化率分别达到8.96%和66.99%,分别与未处理葵秸相比提高2.88%和12.21%。     

射波刀影像追踪中X射线曝光条件对脊柱追踪错误节点及辐射剂量的影响

目的 研究和探讨射波刀脊柱追踪影像引导放疗中X射线曝光条件与错误节点比率的关系。方法 利用脊柱追踪放疗计划,采用不同X射线曝光条件对体模进行影像引导定位,观察脊柱追踪错误节点比率及体模表面吸收剂量的变化规律,确定X射线曝光条件与脊柱追踪错误节点比率之间是否存在优化曝光剂量。结果 脊柱追踪错误节点比率随着X射线曝光条件增加而降低,初期明显,但随着曝光条件的增加到一定水平,脊柱追踪错误节点比率不再降低;体模表面吸收剂量随着X射线曝光条件增加而增加;在≤5%的错误节点标准范围内,当平均错误节点为2.77%、1.07%、1.0%时,体模表面吸收剂量分别为0.11、0.26、0.31~0.46 mGy,相差1~3倍。结论 在射波刀影像引导放疗中,X射线曝光条件与脊柱追踪错误节点之间存在优化曝光剂量,使用最优X射线影像曝光剂量可大幅降低患者辐射剂量,对放疗患者的辐射防护具有非常重要的意义。