Photocoagulation in Eales' disease

Between 1970 and 1991 the authors examined 466 cases with Eales' disease. 359 eyes of 295 of these 466 cases received photocoagulation treatment. The mean age was 30.4, ranging between 14 and 55 years. Ten eyes with persistent vitreous hemorrhage underwent pars plana vitrectomy before photocoagulation. 210 eyes were treated with xenon arc, 135 with argon laser, 12 with krypton laser and two with yellow dye laser. Hypoxic areas and retinal neovascularizations were closed completely in 298 eyes. In 21 eyes with elevated neovascularizations intruding into the vitreous cavity feeder vessel photocoagulation was used. 24 eyes with disc neovascularization were treated with panretinal photocoagulation. 12 eyes with branch vein occlusion and four eyes with central vein occlusion received photocoagulation treatment to areas of non-perfusion and retinal neovascularization. At a mean follow-up of 43 months, seven new retinal neovascularizations and three new disc neovascularizations developed in eyes which previously had received photocoagulation for retinal neovascularization and hypoxia. Nine out of 21 eyes with elevated neovascularizations developed vitreous hemorrhage. Disc neovascularization resolved completely in 13 out of 24 eyes, it partially regressed in eight eyes and did not respond to treatment in three eyes. The visual acuities were improved in 12.3%, maintained in 77.4% and deteriorated in 10.3% of the eyes after treatment. Periodic follow-up and early photocoagulation treatment is useful in stabilizing the retinal lesions and in maintaining functional levels of vision in Eales' disease.     

氪激光治疗视网膜静脉阻塞的新生血管

目的探讨氪激光治疗视网膜静脉阻塞新生血管的方法和疗效 。方法对27例视网膜静脉阻塞伴有新生血管的28只患 眼采用氪绿、氪红激光进行光凝治疗。光凝后经6个月～2．５年随访,对比分析光凝前后的 荧光素眼底血管造影及视力变化情况。结果新生血管 萎缩20只眼,占71.4％,好转6只眼,占21.4%,无效2只眼,占7.2%。 视力进步17只眼,占60.7%。结论氪激光光凝术对视网膜静脉阻塞新生血管的消退及预防其玻璃体积血具有显著疗效。(中华眼底病杂志,2001,17:12-14)     

倍频Nd:YAG激光治疗视网膜静脉阻塞的新生血管

目的探讨倍频Nd:YAG532激光光凝治疗视网膜静脉阻塞新生血管的方法和疗效。方法对26例视网膜静脉阻塞伴新生血管的31眼采用倍频Nd:YAG532激光进行视网膜光凝治疗。光凝后经3月～2.5a随访,对比分析光凝前后的视力变化及眼底改变。结果有效21眼(68％),好转7眼(22％),无效3眼(10％)。视力提高19眼(61％)。结论倍频Nd:YAG532激光光凝术对视网膜静脉阻塞新生血管的消退及预防玻璃体积血具有显著疗效。     

玻璃体切除治疗视网膜分支静脉阻塞引起玻璃体积血的临床效果

目的:探讨玻璃体切除手术治疗视网膜分支静脉阻塞引起的玻璃体积血的临床效果。方法:回顾分析28例28眼视网膜分支静脉阻塞引起的玻璃体积血患者进行闭合式玻璃体切除,联合增殖膜剥离、眼内激光光凝及玻璃体腔长效气体、硅油或灌注液填充手术的临床疗效。结果:该28例患者术中均可见视网膜分支静脉阻塞闭锁呈白线状。视网膜静脉阻塞颞上方20例,颞下方8例。合并视盘新生血管2例,18例阻塞区可见视网膜新生血管及交通支。并发视网膜脱离7例,患者术前及术后视力比较有统计学差异(P<0.05)。结论:玻璃体切除是视网膜分支阻塞的有效手术方法,术中应谨慎去除阻塞区增殖病灶,光凝视网膜无灌注区,术后注意观察阻塞部位的视网膜复位及增殖情况。     

视网膜静脉阻塞激光治疗后玻璃体出血的临床分析

目的：了解视网膜静脉阻塞(RVO)激光治疗后发生玻璃体出血的原因。方法：回顾分析2年来门诊11例(11眼，CRVO：2眼；BRVO：9眼)激光后的视网膜静脉阻塞发生玻璃体出血的病例。结果：11例RVO中：少量玻璃体出血5例；中-多量玻璃体出血6例，其中2例作玻璃体切除术，其余激光治疗后出血停止而治愈。由初次激光治疗到玻璃体出血时间6月-11年，再次激光或／和手术后视力均有改善。结论：不规范或不完全的视网膜光凝是导致RVO激光治疗发生玻璃体出血的主要原因，规范的视网膜光凝、定期随诊和眼底荧光造影是保证疗效的关键。     

Argon laser treatment of retinal neovascularization associated with sarcoidosis

A 22-year-old Japanese woman with systemic sarcoidosis had retinal neovascularizations at seven loci with repeated vitreous hemorrhage in her right eye. Oral administration of prednisone was not effective. However, argon laser photocoagulation to the neovascularizations obliterated the neovascular fronds except at the optic nerve head; three months from the treatment, the neovascularization at the optic nerve head regressed spontaneously. No serious complications have occurred, and the vitreous hemorrhage has not recurred for the past two years. From these results, argon laser photocoagulation was thought to be effective for the treatment of retinal neovascularization in sarcoidosis.     

Retinal and disc neovascularization in Behçet's disease and efficacy of laser photocoagulation

Background: The vasoocclusive episodes resulting from Behçet's disease can cause capillary dropout and vascular remodeling. Retinal and disc neovascularizations, which occur as a result of occlusive vasculitis, can cause recurrent vitreal hemorrhages and neovascular glaucoma leading to severe visual impairment. Methods: 1080 eyes of 540 patients with Behçet's disease were examined between 1973 and 1993. Of the 912 eyes with posterior segment involvement, laser photocoagulation could be performed in 13 of 25 eyes with disc neovascularization (NVD), 12 of 22 eyes with retinal neovascularization (NVE), and 4 of 6 eyes with NVD and NVE. Laser was directed at areas of NVE and retinal capillary nonperfusion. In cases of NVD, panretinal photocoagulation was performed. Results: The rate of regression of NVD was significantly greater in laser-treated eyes than in the untreated group. The results were similar in cases of NVD with NVE. In eyes with NVE which underwent laser photocoagulation, the NVE regressed. None of the treated eyes developed neovascular glaucoma during the follow-up period. Vitreous hemorrhage occurred in two laser-treated eyes. Conclusion: Laser photocoagulation is successful in preventing complications of retinal and disc neovascularizations. Thus, in cases of occlusive vasculitis associated with Behçet's disease, laser photocoagulation should be considered for prevention of complications such as vitreous hemorrhage and neovascular glaucoma.Presented at the meeting of the Club Jules Gonin, Versaille, France, 8-13 September 1994     

Krypton red laser photocoagulation for branch retinal vein occlusion

Krypton red (647 nm) laser photocoagulation may offer distinct advantages in the treatment of branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO), particularly in eyes with extensive intraretinal hemorrhage or in the presence of media opacities such as vitreous hemorrhage or cataract. Twenty-three eyes were followed for a minimum of 6 months (range, 6-38). Of 19 eyes treated for macular edema, 17 (89%) had complete resolution of their edema, one (5%) had reduction of its edema, and one (5%) was unchanged. Of five eyes treated for retinal neovascularization of the disc or retina, all eyes had complete elimination of neovascularization. The authors were unable to demonstrate any statistical correlation between final visual acuity and the following factors: duration of symptoms, cystoid macular edema (CME), degree of paramacular nonperfusion, and contiguous intraretinal hemorrhage extending into the foveal avascular zone (FAZ).     

氩激光治疗视网膜分支静脉阻塞的视网膜新生血管

报告氩激光治疗视网膜分支静脉阻塞新生血管30例，对照组34例。激光散点光凝无灌注区和新生血管可使新生血管消退，玻璃体出血发生率降低。本组治疗后新生血管完全消退者23例，缩小者7例。玻璃体出血者对照组为70.6%，激光组在治疗前为43.3%，治疗后尚无一例发生。激光组视力比对照组者明显进步(P<0.005)。激光治疗效果与新生血管的大小，位置及是否突入玻璃体内有关。我们还讨论了激光治疗的方法、时机和预后。 （中华眼底病杂志，1994，10：195-198）     

增生型糖尿病视网膜病变玻璃体切除手术后再出血病因及治疗

目的 分析增生型糖尿病视网膜病变(PDR)玻璃体切割手术后再出血病因，观察再治疗效果。 方法 回顾分析302例PDR患者315只患眼接受玻璃体切割手术治疗后32只眼再出血并再次治疗后随访3~48个月（平均随访时间12个月）的临床资料。 结果 PDR玻璃体切割手术后再出血发生率为10%，再出血发生时间为手术后1～210 d，平均时间为51 d。再出血的主要原因中，28%为巩膜切口纤维血管向内生长，19%为视盘表面残存新生血管膜或血管残端处理不当，22%为视网膜激光光凝不足，9%为视网膜表面新生血管膜剥除不彻底，6%为视网膜静脉阻塞，16%为外力作用。通过冷凝巩膜切口处纤维血管、剥离视盘和视网膜表面残存新生血管膜并电凝视盘表面血管残端、补充视网膜激光光凝、 包扎双眼等治疗，再出血眼视力提高者占91%，视力下降者占9%。再次手术后并发症主要包括再次出血、虹膜后粘连、晶状体混浊加重、角膜上皮愈合延迟等。 结论 PDR玻璃体切割手术治疗后再出血的主要原因是巩膜切口纤维血管向内生长、视盘表面和（或）视网膜表面新生血管膜剥除不彻底、血管残端处理不当、视网膜激光光凝不足和外力作用。处理好巩膜切口、彻底剥离视盘和视网膜表面新生血管膜、电凝血管残端以及足够的视网膜激光光凝是预防和治疗PDR玻璃体切割手术后再出血的有效方法。(中华眼底病杂志,2007,23:238-240)      

倍频固体激光治疗视网膜静脉阻塞疗效分析

目的探讨倍频固体激光治疗视网膜静脉阻塞的方法和疗效。方法应用倍频固体激光治疗视网膜静脉阻塞46例47眼,对其中10眼行全网膜光凝术,37眼行局域性视网膜光凝术,治疗次数1-4次,光凝后3m-6m随访,4眼复查后行补充光凝。对比分析治疗前后视力及眼底荧光血管造影(FFA)情况。结果激光治疗后视力提高(2行以上)者5眼(10.6%);视力无明显变化者29眼(61.7%);视力下降者13眼(27.7%)。荧光血管造影显示治疗有效42眼(89.4%),治疗无效5眼(10.6%)。结论激光治疗虽不能明确提高视力,但能促进水肿、出血、渗出的吸收,阻止病变的进一步发展,防止增殖性玻璃体视网膜病变和新生血管性青光眼的发生。     

Branch retinal vein occlusion. A clinicopathologic case report

The eyes of a 72-year-old woman with a history of two branch retinal vein occlusions involving the left eye, were obtained postmortem and studied histopathologically. Prior to her death, she had been enrolled in the multicentered, prospective, randomized clinical trial on branch vein occlusion and treated with peripheral argon laser photocoagulation for disc neovascularization. Routine fluorescein angiograms and fundus photographs were available for clinical correlation. Despite photocoagulation, the patient had frequent recurrent episodes of vitreous hemorrhage. On histologic examination, both venous occlusions were found at arteriovenous crossings and associated with moderately sclerotic retinal arterioles. One occlusion was recanalized. Retinal inner ischemic atrophy was observed distal to the site of both venous occlusions and corresponded to areas of nonperfusion. Cystoid macular edema was not present. Three areas of neovascularization were found; one at the optic nerve head, one at the peripapillary retina, and one at the fovea. It is likely the patient's repeated vitreous hemorrhages were from one or all three areas of neovascularization demonstrated histopathologically.     

Retinal vein occlusion. III. Initial experience with therapy of retinal vein occlusion with an argon laser]

The authors report the results of laser treatment in 11 patients with chronic oedema of the macula and 6 patients with neovascularizations of the retina and disk of the optic nerve in occlusion of a branch of the retinal vein. In the treatment of chronic oedema of the macula they used their own modification of quadrant barrage suggested by L'Esperance and grid photocoagulation. After a mean follow up period of 3.2 years they achieved a resulting vision of 6/12 or better in 9 of 11 patients, i.e. in 82%, the poorest results were 6/18 in two patients of 11, i.e. in 18%. In the treatment of neovascularizations they used the method of sector photocoagulation. In all six patients, i.e. in 100% they observed regression of neovascularizations. During 2.5-3 years after photocoagulation they did not observe a relapse of neovascularization or haemorrhage into the vitreous body. The results of photocoagulation treatment in chronic oedema of the macula and treatment of neovascularization are of a long-term character.     

视网膜静脉阻塞的激光治疗分析

目的分析评价眼科激光对视网膜静脉阻塞的疗效。方法对32例经眼底荧光血管照影明确诊断的视网膜静脉阻塞的患者采用光凝治疗,治疗后预约定期随诊,并复查各项检查。结果治疗后视力增加17例,不变者10例,稍下降者5例,黄斑水肿明显减轻者21例,占65.62% ;不变者5例,占15.62%;消失者6 例,占 18.75%,激光治疗后较激光治疗前的暗点数增加者20 例,占60% ,暗点数减少5例,占15.62% ,不变者7例,占21.87% 。并发症:激光治疗前有新生血管者5例,术后2 例完全退缩。结论视网膜静脉阻塞早期行激光治疗可促进出血吸收,缩短病程,降低新生血管及玻璃体病变等并发症,是切实可行的治疗方法。     

缺血型视网膜静脉阻塞出血多眼光凝探讨

目的 探討出血偏多的缺血型视网膜静脉阻塞光凝方法及其疗效。方法 采用Zeiss Lumenis NOVUS OMNI多波长激光仪,利用红光、大光斑、低能量、长时间对视网膜出血偏多的缺血型分支、半侧或中央静脉阻塞并黄斑水肿患者49人52只眼实施局部或全视网膜光凝。参数：黄斑区：0.1 ～0.3秒,光斑大小50～100 μm,能量100～200 mW,中心凹1000 μm外开始,Ⅰ级光斑反应;其余区域：0.3～0.7 s,200～500μm,150～300 mw,III级光斑轻-中强度反应,如光斑反应不足,则以增长时间为主,增加能量为辅;分2～4次完成,间隔2～3周。观察视网膜出血水肿消退及视力改变等情况,随访3～30个月。结果 (1)18只眼(34.62％)首次光凝2～3周后视网膜出血水肿明显消退,其中9只眼(17.31％)视力提高,8只眼(15.39％)视力不变,1只眼(1.92％)视力下降。激光后3个月FFA证实治疗有效。(2)31只眼(59.62％)首次光凝2～3周后视网膜出血水肿部分消退,全部光凝完成后3月,眼底出血水肿完全消退,FFA证实治疗有效。其中8只眼(15.38％)视力提高;20只眼(38.46％)视力保持不变;3只眼(5.77％)视力下降。(3)3只眼新生血管性青光眼患者,病情部分改善稳定。其余患者随访期内未新发生玻璃体出血及新生血管性青光眼。结论 对出血偏多的缺血型视网膜静脉阻塞,可选用红光,使用大光斑、低能量、长时间的光凝方法,获得足够数量和强度的有效光斑,促进视网膜出血水肿吸收,减少病情恶化可能。     

Branch retinal vein occlusion: clinical findings, natural history, and management

Branch retinal vein occlusion is a common retinal vascular condition characterized by sectoral intraretinal hemorrhages, retinal ischemia, retinal exudates, and macular edema. The site of occlusion usually occurs in the vicinity of arteriovenous crossing sites, and is predisposed by various systemic and local factors. Complications of branch retinal vein occlusion include macular edema, capillary nonperfusion, retinal neovascularization, vitreous hemorrhage, and tractional retinal detachments that often result in loss of vision. Until recently, laser photocoagulation was the only therapy recommended for eyes with branch retinal vein occlusion. New medical and surgical treatment options aimed at reducing macular edema have been evaluated in recent years, and include intraocular injections of steroids and anti-vascular endothelial growth factor agents, sustained drug release devices, vitrectomy, and sheathotomy.     

缺血型视网膜中央静脉阻塞的氪离子激光治疗

目的 探讨缺血型视网膜中央静脉阻塞的氪离子激光治疗的疗效.方法 回顾性分析我院应用氪激光全视网膜光凝治疗的缺血型中央静脉阻塞102眼的临床资料.结果 102眼缺血型视网膜中央静脉阻塞中73眼有效,占71.56%;27眼好转,占26.47%;2眼因玻璃体出血,继发新生血管性青光眼或并发白内障失明而无效,占1.97%.结论 对于缺血型视网膜中央静脉阻塞的患者应尽早实行全视网膜光凝术治疗,确保有效光斑的总数与密度是全视网膜光凝术成功的关键.     

基层医院视网膜静脉阻塞致玻璃体积血的治疗

目的:分析基层医院视网膜静脉阻塞致玻璃体积血的治疗方法。方法:将50例视网膜静脉阻塞患者随机分成两组:治疗组(药物治疗)和联合治疗组(药物及激光治疗),各25例,观察玻璃体积血的发生率。结果:治疗组发生玻璃体积血的病例数明显高于联合治疗组。结论:注重造影检查,应用药物联合激光光凝治疗对防止基层医院视网膜静脉阻塞致玻璃体积血有明显的治疗作用。     

Indications for photocoagulation in idiopathic retinal periphlebitis

Fourteen patients (23 eyes) with idiopathic retinal periphlebitis were followed during a mean time of six years. Argon laser photocoagulation was performed in 18 eyes: in 11 eyes for large retinal ischemic areas, and in 7 eyes for disc or peripheral neovascularization. Beneficial results were obtained in 72.5% of the treated patients. Laser photocoagulation seems to be useful to prevent or reduce ocular neovascularization associated with idiopathic retinal periphlebitis, and to prevent vitreous hemorrhage. Photocoagulation did not increase ocular inflammation and should be limited to ischemic areas.     

激光诱发视网膜静脉阻塞侧支循环的实验研究

目的 探讨在兔眼视网膜分支静脉阻塞（branch retinal vein occlusion,BRVO)模型基础上,利用激光诱发、建立视网膜和脉络膜静脉吻合的可行性及安全性。方法 通过光动力法建立21只兔（42只眼）BRVO模型,利用激光诱发并形成视网膜和脉络膜静脉吻合;对侧无BRVO眼作为对照,同样用激光击射,诱发吻合支形成。结果 在建立BRVO模型的21只眼中,4只眼形成了视网膜和脉络膜静脉吻合,形成时间为3－5周。对照眼中,1只眼形成了视网膜和脉络膜静脉吻合,形成时间为5周。在观察2－5个月期间,由激光击射引起的脉络膜、视网膜或玻璃本出血均在3周内吸收,未见其它严重并发症。结论 利用激光诱发并形成视网膜和脉络膜静脉吻合,在技术上可行,较为安全,但在提高成功率方面尚有待进一步研究 。