Predictors of compliance with a home-based exercise program added to usual medical care in preventing postmenopausal osteoporosis: an 18-month prospective study

This prospective 18-month study was designed to assess long-term compliance with a program of exercise aimed to prevent osteoporosis after an educational intervention and to uncover determinants of compliance. A total of 135 postmenopausal women were recruited by flyers or instructed by their physicians to participate in an educational session added to usual medical care. After a baseline visit and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, volunteers participated in a 1-day educational session consisting of a lecture and discussion on guidelines for appropriate physical activity and training in a home-based exercise program taught by a physical therapist. Scheduled follow-up visits were 1, 6, and 18 months after the educational session. Compliance with the exercise program was defined as an exercise practice rate 50% or greater than the prescribed training. The 18-month compliance rate was 17.8% (24/135). The main reason for withdrawal from the program was lack of motivation. Two variables predicted compliance: contraindication for hormone replacement therapy (odds ratio [OR] = 0.13; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 0.04 to 0.46) and general physical function scores from an SF-36 questionnaire (OR=1.26; 95% CI, 1.03 to 1.5). To a lesser extent, osteoporosis risk, defined as a femoral T-score –2.5, predicted compliance (OR=0.34; 95% CI, 0.10 to 1.16). Despite the addition of an educational session to usual medical care to inform participants about the benefits of exercise, only a minority of postmenopausal women adhered to a home-based exercise program after 18 months.     

Patient-reported quality of life after abdominal aortic aneurysm surgery: a prospective comparison of endovascular and open repair

PURPOSE: This study evaluated and compared changes over time in health-related quality of life reported by patients with infrarenal abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) undergoing elective endovascular (EVAR) and open aneurysm (OR) repair. METHODS: A prospective, nonrandomized cohort of 76 patients (62 men, 14 women; age range, 42 to 89 years) undergoing elective, infrarenal AAA repair (EVAR, n = 43; OR, n = 33) at two university teaching hospitals during a 15-month period were administered the Medical Outcomes Study Short-Form 36-item (SF-36) health survey preoperatively and then 1 week, 1 month, and 6 months postoperatively. Patient demographics, procedural details, postoperative follow-up data, and SF-36 scores were compared between groups. RESULTS: Both groups had total SF-36 scores that were significantly lower than preoperative scores at 1 week and 1 month after surgery but were not significantly different from the preoperative scores at 6 months (OR 66.2 +/- 21.1 to 72.3 +/- 19.8, P > .1; and EVAR 61.0 +/- 17.7 to 58.7 +/- 19.4, P > .1). Six-month total SF-36 scores were significantly higher in the OR group compared with the EVAR group (mean 72.3 +/- 19.8 OR vs 58.7 +/- 19.4 EVAR; P = .009). In the postoperative period, a significant drop occurred in mean scores in six of the eight domains of the SF-36 in the OR patients (physical function, PF; role physical, RP; bodily pain, BP; vitality, VT; social function, SF; role emotional, RE) and five domains for EVAR patients (PF, RP, BP, SF, RE). In two domains, RE and PF, scores returned to baseline values significantly sooner in EVAR patients than in OR patients (RE, EVAR 1 month vs OR 6 months; and PF, EVAR 1 month vs OR 6 months). In the VT domain, no significant postoperative drop occurred in the EVAR group, but in the OR group, mean scores were significantly lower at 1 week and 1 month compared with preoperative values. In the domains of general health and mental health, no significant drop occurred in SF-36 score postoperatively in either group. CONCLUSIONS: Patient reported health-related quality of life after infrarenal AAA repair is significantly impaired in the early postoperative period but returns to baseline by 6 months in patients treated with EVAR and OR. Patients having EVAR had significantly more rapid return to preoperative scores in selected domains of the SF-36. Even though EVAR is associated with shorter and less invasive perioperative hospital course and fewer postoperative complications, EVAR patients had lower quality of life scores 6 months after surgery than OR patients.     

Factors associated with the elevated percentage of CD4CD69 T cells in maintained hemodialysis patients

Background: CD4 T-cell abnormality, influencing the outcome of the maintained hemodialysis (MHD), is common in patients on dialysis. We try to find out factors associated with the activated CD4 T cells, CD4CD69 T cells, to improve the dialysis quality.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted to evaluate the change of CD4CD69 in MHD patients and healthy controls in our hospital from September 2015 to May 2016. A total of 164 MHD patients and 24 healthy controls were included according to the criteria. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression models after correlation analysis were executed to discover the related factors of CD4CD69 T-cell posterior to the division of the CD4CD69 T cell according to its median.

Results: The lymphocytes were lower, but the percentage of CD4CD69 T cells was higher in MHD patients compared with healthy controls, even after the propensity score matching based on age and sex. The percentage of CD4 T cells showed no significant difference between the two groups. Further multivariate logistic regression models revealed that CD4CD69 T cell was independently associated with serum total protein (OR 95%CI: 0.830[0.696, 0.990], p?=?.038), transferrin (OR 95%CI: 3.072[1.131, 8.342], p?=?.028) and magnesium (OR 95%CI: 16.960[1.030, 279.275], p?=?.048).

Conclusion: The percentage of CD4CD69 T cells, activated CD4 T cells, elevated in hemodialysis patients despite the decrease in lymphocytes. The elevated CD4CD69 T cells were independently associated with serum total protein negatively, but transferrin and magnesium positively. Strengthening nutrition, reducing the concentration of transferrin and magnesium might be beneficial to reduce the activation of CD4 T cells and improve the outcome of MHD patients.     

Which NDI domains best predict change in physical function in patients undergoing cervical spine surgery?

Background ContextPhysical function is a critical aspect of patient outcomes. NDI is a widely validated outcome measure in cervical spine disease, yet to what extent its individual domains predict changes in physical function remains unknown.PurposeTo examine the impact of individual NDI domains on changes in physical function in patients undergoing cervical spine surgery.Study Design/SettingProspective Cohort Study.Patient SampleAdult patients undergoing cervical spine surgery, excluding those undergoing surgery for instability due to trauma.Outcome MeasuresAbsolute change in outcome measures (Patient Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System [PROMIS] Physical Function [PF], Short Form 36 [SF-36] Physical Component Score [PCS], and Neck Disability Index [NDI]) from pre- to postoperatively, correlation of NDI individual domains with PROMIS PF and SF-36 PCS (preoperatively, postoperatively, and change from pre- to postoperatively).MethodsPatients undergoing cervical spine surgery between 2016 and 2018 were prospectively enrolled. Patients completed questionnaires (NDI, SF-36 PCS, and PROMIS PF) preoperatively and at 6 months postoperatively. Patient demographics, including age, body mass index, Charlson Comorbidity Index, and underlying diagnoses were collected. Comparisons between NDI scores preoperatively versus postoperatively were conducted using Wilcoxon signed rank sum test. Correlations of NDI individual items and PROMIS/SF-36 were assessed using Pearson correlation. A stepwise linear regression analysis was performed to identify NDI items that are independently predictive of PROMIS PF and SF-36 PCS.ResultsA total of 137 patients were included in the study, with mean age 56.9 years (range 24.4–84.9). Each of the NDI domains as well as PROMIS PF and SF-36 PCS demonstrated significant improvement following cervical spine surgery (p<.001). Changes in all NDI domains demonstrated significant negative correlation with changes in PROMIS PF, with recreation (R=−0.537, p<.001), work (R=−0.514, p<.001), and pain intensity (R=−0.488, p<.001) having the greatest negative correlation. Changes in all NDI domains demonstrated significant negative correlation with changes in SF-36 PCS, with recreation (R=−0.451, p<.001), work (R=−0.443, p<.001), lifting (R=−0.373, p<.001), and driving (R=−0.373, p<.001) having the greatest negative correlation. For PROMIS PF, the NDI domains that were independently associated with changes in PF were work (R=−0.092, p=.001), pain intensity (R=−0.089, p=.003), and recreation (R=−0.067, p=.004). For SF-36 PCS, the NDI items that were independently associated with changes in PCS were work (R=−0.269, p=.003) and recreation (R=−0.215, p=.002).ConclusionsAll NDI domains improve significantly after cervical spine surgery and demonstrate significant correlation with changes in PROMIS PF and SF-36 PCS. The work, recreation, and pain intensity domains were the only independent predictors of physical function changes postoperatively. Considering physical function, our findings highlight the importance of presenting changes in individual NDI domains in addition to the total score.     

锁定钢板与半肩关节置换治疗中老年复杂肱骨近端骨折的Meta分析

目的通过Meta分析探讨锁定钢板(LP)及半肩关节置换(HA)治疗肱骨近端骨折(PHFs)术后并发症及疗效的差异。 方法计算机检索Pubmed、Cochrane图书馆、EMBASE、ScienceDirect、中国知网、万方、维普等数据库。搜集有关LP/HA治疗PHFs的各种对照研究,纳入标准：随机或非随机对照试验;行LP和HA治疗;年龄≥ 45岁;随访时间>3个月;可提取到可靠的数据。排除标准：病例数少于10例;其他治疗方式;病例报告,综述,动物实验以及系统评价;多种原因不能耐受手术;病理性骨折或者肱骨近端陈旧性骨折;既往有肩关节外伤及手术病史。研究共纳入27项研究2 082例患者,对纳入的文献选择总并发症、常见并发症(肩关节不稳、关节僵硬、肩峰下撞击症)、术后功能评分(Constant-Murley肩关节评分系统、美国肩肘外科医师协会评分)作为Meta分析的评价指标,采用STATA 14.0分析,对于合并SMD 或者OR ,P <0.05差异有统计学意义。 结果结果表明两组总并发症[OR ＝1.73,95%CI(1.35,2.21),P <0.01]、肩峰下撞击症[OR ＝0.25,95%CI(0.11,0.55),P<0.01]以HA组较低;上肢肌力评分[SMD＝1.857,95%CI(0.803,2.912),P<0.01]、肩关节活动度评分[SMD＝2.542,95%CI(1.273,3.811),P<0.01]以LP组较优。两组CMS、ASES评分差异无统计学意义(P >0.05)。 结论HA术后并发症的发生率低于LP,两者均能获得相近的肩关节功能恢复。     

Identifying Patients Eligible for a Short Hospital Stay After Stoma Closure

Introduction: The implementation of enhanced recovery programmes after elective colorectal surgery has dramatically reduced the length of stay. The objective of this study was to assess the selection of good candidates for short post-operative stay (GCSS) in the context of stoma closure. Methods: Between January 2011 and December 2014, 222 patients were included in the present retrospective, single-center study. The primary endpoint was the proportion of GCSS. We also identified factors associated with GCSS status and built a predictive score. Results: The study population was predominantly male (n = 122, 55%). 60% of the patients had undergone ileostomy and 85% had undergone hand-sewn anastomosis. The postoperative ileus rate was 5% and the readmission rate was 3.5%. 41% (n = 92) of the study population were considered to be GCSS. In a multivariate analysis, age under 50 (odds ratio (OR) [95% confidence interval (CI)] = 2.8 [1.2-5.6], p = 0.008), the absence of vascular comorbidities (OR [95%CI] = 3.2 [1.3-12.3]; p = 0.006) and stapled anastomosis (OR: 4.2, 95%CI: 1.1-17.3, p = 0.03) were associated with GCSS status. Predictive scores of 0, 1, 2, and 3 were associated with GCSS rates of 20%, 18%, 44%, and 62%, respectively (p < 0.001). Conclusion: In the context of stoma closure, 41% of patients were GCSS.     

Risk factors for hip fractures in a middle-aged population: a study of 33,000 men and women

Knowledge about subjects who sustain hip fractures in middle age is poor. This study prospectively investigated risk factors for hip fracture in middle age and compared risk factors for cervical and trochanteric hip fractures. The Malmö Preventive Project consists of 22,444 men, mean age 44 years, and 10,902 women, mean age 50 years at inclusion. Baseline assessment included multiple examinations and lifestyle information. Follow-up was up to 16 years with regard to occurrence of fracture. One hundred thirty-five women had one low-energy hip fracture each, 93 of which were cervical and 42 trochanteric. One hundred sixty-three men had 166 hip fractures, of which 81 were cervical and 85 trochanteric. In the final Cox regression model for women, the risk factors with the strongest associations with hip fracture were diabetes (risk ratio (RR) 3.89, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.69–8.93, p =0.001) and poor self-rated health (RR 1.74, 95%CI 1.22–2.48, p =0.002). A history of previous fracture (RR 4.76, 95%CI 2.74–8.26, p =0.0001) was also a significant risk factor. In men, diabetes had the strongest association with hip fracture (RR 6.13, 95%CI 3.19–11.8, p =0.001). Smoking (RR 2.20, 95%CI 1.54–3.15, p =0.001), high serum -glutamyl transferase (RR 1.84, 95%CI 1.50–2.26, p =0.001), poor self-rated health (RR 1.49, 95%CI 1.06–2.10, p =0.02) and reported sleep disturbances (RR 1.52, 95%CI 1.03–2.27, p =0.04) were other significant risk factors. The strongest risk factor for hip fracture for both women and men in middle age was diabetes. Many risk factors were similar for men and women, although the risk ratio differed. The risk factor pattern for cervical versus trochanteric fractures differed in both men and women. The findings indicate that those suffering a hip fracture before the age of 75 have a shorter life expectancy, suggesting that hip fractures affect the less healthy segment of the population.     

Meta-analysis of statin therapy in maintenance dialysis patients

Abstract

The effects of statin therapy in patients on maintenance dialysis remained uncertain. We conducted a meta-analysis to investigate the effects of statin on major clinical outcomes. We systematically searched Pubmed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang and Chinese Technological Journal of Database for randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Criteria for inclusion were RCTs on statins therapy versus placebo, >3 months of follow-up. The outcomes were serum level of low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), triglyceride (TG), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and albumin (ALB), all cardiac events, cardiovascular deaths and all-cause mortality. Twenty-one trials were identified, providing data for 8186 patients on maintenance dialysis. Statin therapy reduced LDL-C (weighted mean difference [WMD]?=??0.74?mmol/L; 95%CI [?0.96,??0.52], p?<?0.00001), TG (WMD?=??0.36?mmol/L; 95%CI [?0.57,??0.14], p?=?0.001), and hs-CRP (WMD?=??3.98?mg/L; 95%CI [?5.24,??2.72], p?<?0.00001), elevated HDL-C (WMD?=?0.25?mmol/L; 95%CI [0.10,?0.39], p?=?0.0007) and ALB (WMD?=?1.70?g/L; 95%CI [0.19,?3.21], p?=?0.03) significantly comparing with placebo. Statin therapy also had benefit in reducing all cardiac events (relative risk [RR]?=?0.90; 95%CI [0.83,?0.97], p?=?0.006), but had no effect on cardiovascular deaths (RR?=?0.97; 95%CI [0.88,?1.07], p?=?0.54) or all-cause mortality (RR?=?0.98; 95%CI [0.93,?1.04], p?=?0.49). In conclusion, statins had no impact on all-cause or cardiovascular mortality, while there was an overall significant improvement for dyslipidemia, hs-CRP, hypoalbuminemia and cardiovascular events in dialysis patients.     

Opioid versus non-opioid analgesia for spine surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Purpose

Opioids are the primary analgesics used in patients undergoing spine surgery. Postoperative pain is common despite their liberal use and so are opioid-associated side effects. Non-opioid analgesics are gaining popularity as alternative to opioids in spine surgery.

Methods

This systematic review evaluated current evidence regarding opioid and non-opioid intraoperative analgesia and their influence on immediate postoperative pain and adverse events in spine surgery.

Results

A total of 10,459 records were obtained by searching Medline, EMBASE and Web of Science databases and six randomized controlled trials were included. Differences in postoperative pain scores between opioid and non-opioid groups were not significant at 1 h: 4 studies, mean difference (MD) = 0.65 units, 95% confidence intervals (CI) [−0.12 to 1.41], p = 0.10, but favored non-opioid at 24 h after surgery: 3 studies, MD = 0.75 units, 95%CI [0.03 to 1.46], p = 0.04. The time for first postoperative analgesic requirement was shorter (MD = −45.06 min, 95%CI [−72.50 to −17.62], p = 0.001), and morphine consumption during first 24 h after surgery was higher in opioid compared to non-opioid group (MD = 4.54 mg, 95%CI [3.26 to 5.82], p < 0.00001). Adverse effects of postoperative nausea and vomiting (Relative risk (RR) = 2.15, 95%CI [1.37 to 3.38], p = 0.0009) and shivering (RR = 2.52, 95%CI [1.08 to 5.89], p = 0.03) were higher and bradycardia was lower (RR = 0.35, 95%CI [0.17 to 0.71], p = 0.004) with opioid analgesia.

Conclusion

The certainty of evidence on GRADE assessment is low for studied outcomes. Available evidence supports intraoperative non-opioid analgesia for overall postoperative pain outcomes in spine surgery. More research is needed to find the best drug combination and dosing regimen.

Prospero Registration: CRD42020209042.

     

Endogenous calcitonin gene-related peptide in cerebrospinal fluid and early quality of life and mental health after good-grade spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage—a feasibility series

The vasodilatory calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) is excessively released after spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage (sSAH) and modulates psycho-behavioral function. In this pilot study, we prospectively analyzed the treatment-specific differences in the secretion of endogenous CGRP into cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) during the acute stage after good-grade sSAH and its impact on self-reported health-related quality of life (hrQoL). Twenty-six consecutive patients (f:m?=?13:8; mean age 50.6 years) with good-grade sSAH were enrolled (drop out 19% (n?=?5)): 35% (n?=?9) underwent endovascular aneurysm occlusion, 23% (n?=?6) microsurgery, and 23% (n?=?6) of the patients with perimesencephalic SAH received standardized intensive medical care. An external ventricular drain was inserted within 72 h after the onset of bleeding. CSF was drawn daily from day 1–10. CGRP levels were determined via competitive enzyme immunoassay and calculated as “area under the curve” (AUC). All patients underwent a hrQoL self-report assessment (36-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36), ICD-10-Symptom-Rating questionnaire (ISR)) after the onset of sSAH (t₁: day 11–35) and at the 6-month follow-up (t₂). AUC CGRP (total mean ± SD, 5.7?±?1.8 ng/ml/24 h) was excessively released into CSF after sSAH. AUC CGRP levels did not differ significantly when dichotomizing the aSAH (5.63?±?1.77) and pSAH group (5.68?±?2.08). aSAH patients revealed a higher symptom burden in the ISR supplementary item score (p?=?0.021). Multiple logistic regression analyses corroborated increased mean levels of AUC CGRP in CSF at t₁ as an independent prognostic factor for a significantly higher symptom burden in most ISR scores (compulsive-obsessive syndrome (OR 5.741, p?=?0.018), anxiety (OR 7.748, p?=?0.021), depression (OR 2.740, p?=?0.005), the supplementary items (OR 2.392, p?=?0.004)) and for a poorer performance in the SF-36 physical component summary score (OR 0.177, p?=?0.001). In contrast, at t₂, CSF AUC CGRP concentrations no longer correlated with hrQoL. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to correlate the levels of endogenous CSF CGRP with hrQoL outcome in good-grade sSAH patients. Excessive CGRP release into CSF may have a negative short-term impact on hrQoL and emotional health like anxiety and depression. While subacutely after sSAH, higher CSF levels of the vasodilator CGRP are supposed to be protective against vasospasm-associated cerebral ischemia, from a psychopathological point of view, our results suggest an involvement of CSF CGRP in the dysregulation of higher integrated behavior.

     

Male Sexual Function in Patients Receiving Different Types of Renal Replacement Therapy

BackgroundPatients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) experience erectile dysfunction (ED). Although it is a benign disorder, ED is related to physical and psychosocial health, and it has a significant impact on the quality of life (QOL). The objective of the present study was to investigate the effects of different renal replacement therapies on ED.MethodsA total of 100 ESRD patients and 50 healthy men were recruited to the present cross-sectional study. The study was consisted of 53 renal transplantation (RT; group I; mean age, 39.01 ± 7.68 years; mean duration of follow-up, 97.72 ± 10.35 months) and 47 hemodialysis (HD) patients (group II; mean age, 38.72 ± 9.12 years; mean duration of follow-up, 89.13 ± 8.65 months). The control group consisted of 50 healthy men (group III; mean age 39.77 ± 8.51 years). Demographic data and laboratory values were obtained. All groups were evaluated with the following scales: International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF)-5 and Short Form (SF)-36 questionnaires, and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). The patients whose IIEF score were ≤21 were accepted as having ED.ResultsThe mean age of these groups were similar (P > .05). Total IIEF-5 scores of men in groups I, II, and III were 19.5 ± 4.5, 16.4 ± 5.9, and 22.5 ± 3.4, respectively. The mean total IIEF-5 score of control group was higher than those of groups I and II (P < .001). Posttransplant group mean total IIEF-5 score was also higher than the HD group (P < .05). Groups I and II significantly differed from control group in terms of presence of ED (IIEF score ≤21: Group I, n = 28 [52.8%]; group II, n = 29 [61.7%]; and group III, n = 12 [%24], respectively [P < .001]), whereas there was no difference between groups I and II. In the logistic regression analysis (variables included age, BDI, and renal replacement therapy [HD and transplantation]), ED was independently associated with age (odds ratio [OR], 1.1; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.05–1.2), BDI (OR, 1.1; 95% CI, 1.01–1.13). Additionally, ED was not associated with renal replacement therapy (OR, 1.46; 95% CI, 0.60–3.57). Physiologic health domain of SF-36 was significantly better in healthy controls (P < .001). Patient groups were similar in terms of BDI score (P > .05). ED score was negatively correlated with BDI (r = ?0.368; P < .001), and positively correlated with SF-36 (r = 0.495; P < .001) in all patient groups.ConclusionPatients with ESRD had significantly lower sexual function and lower QOL scores than the healthy control men. Notably, the mode of renal replacement therapy had no impact on male sexual function.     

Predictors of health-related quality of life in neurosurgical brain tumor patients: focus on patient-centered perspective

Background

In brain tumor (BT) patients, the association between health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and psychological characteristics remains largely unknown. We evaluated the association of personality traits, clinical factors, psychological distress symptoms, and cognitive state with HRQoL in BT patients.

Methods

On admission for BT surgery, 200 patients (69 % women; age 55.8?±?14.5 years) were evaluated for HRQoL (SF-36 scale), Big-Five personality traits (Ten-Item Personality Inventory), psychological distress symptoms (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale or HADS), cognitive function (Mini-Mental State Examination or MMSE) and clinical characteristics, including functional status (Barthel index or BI). The most common BT diagnoses were meningioma (39 %) and high-grade glioma (18 %).

Results

Only factors significantly associated with SF-36 domains in univariable regression analyses were included in their respective multivariable models and predicted from 6 %–49 % of the total variance of SF-36 scores. Greater TIPI emotional stability score was independently associated with greater SF-36 emotional well-being (β?=?0.23, p?<?0.001) and general health (β?=?0.18, p?=?0.01) scores, and greater TIPI consciousness score, with greater SF-36 emotional well-being score (β?=?0.13, p?=?0.02). HADS-anxiety and HADS-depression scores were the strongest independent determinants of all, except physical functioning, SF-36 scores (β-values range from 0.14 to 0.56; p values?≤?0.03). BI score was the strongest independent determinant of SF-36 physical functioning score (β?=?0.36, p?<?0.001). MMSE score was associated with all but emotional well-being and social functioning SF-36 scores.

Conclusions

Consciousness and emotional stability should be considered important personality-related determinants of HRQoL in BT patients. Psychological distress, functional disability, and cognitive impairment are also important predictors of HRQoL.     

骨髓间充质干细胞治疗下肢缺血性疾病疗效的Meta分析

目的采用Meta分析评价骨髓间充质干细胞(BMSCs)治疗下肢缺血性疾病的疗效。方法对PubMed、EMbase及Cochrane Library数据库进行检索,收集与BMSCs治疗下肢缺血性疾病相关的临床对照研究,按照制定的纳入和排除标准进行文献筛选、提取资料。以RevMan 5.3软件对纳入文献进行Meta分析,比较BMSCs治疗组与对照组相关指标,包括截肢率、无截肢生存率、踝肱指数、溃疡愈合率、疼痛评分以及无痛行走距离。结果最终纳入5篇文献。Meta分析结果显示,与对照组比较,BMSCs组患者踝肱指数[均数差(MD)=0.15,95%CI(0.12,0.18),P0.000 01]、疼痛评分[MD=-1.38,95%CI(-1.65,-1.11),P0.000 01]、无痛行走距离[MD=202.20,95%CI(154.30,250.10),P0.000 01]及溃疡愈合率[相对危险度(RR)=1.42,95%CI(0.82,2.46),P=0.021]均明显改善;但两组患者截肢率[RR=0.52,95%CI(0.24,1.10),P=0.09]、无截肢生存率[RR=1.09,95%CI(0.98,1.21),P=0.12]差异均无统计学意义。结论 BMSCs治疗下肢缺血性疾病虽不能显著降低截肢率和提高无截肢生存率,但可以改善患者的临床症状。     

Risk Factors for Treatment Failure With Antiosteoporosis Medication: The Global Longitudinal Study of Osteoporosis in Women (GLOW)

Antiosteoporosis medication (AOM) does not abolish fracture risk, and some individuals experience multiple fractures while on treatment. Therefore, criteria for treatment failure have recently been defined. Using data from the Global Longitudinal Study of Osteoporosis in Women (GLOW), we analyzed risk factors for treatment failure, defined as sustaining two or more fractures while on AOM. GLOW is a prospective, observational cohort study of women aged ≥55 years sampled from primary care practices in 10 countries. Self‐administered questionnaires collected data on patient characteristics, fracture risk factors, previous fractures, AOM use, and health status. Data were analyzed from women who used the same class of AOM continuously over 3 survey years and had data available on fracture occurrence. Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify independent predictors of treatment failure. Data from 26,918 women were available, of whom 5550 were on AOM. During follow‐up, 73 of 5550 women in the AOM group (1.3%) and 123 of 21,368 in the non‐AOM group (0.6%) reported occurrence of two or more fractures. The following variables were associated with treatment failure: lower Short Form 36 Health Survey (SF‐36) score (physical function and vitality) at baseline, higher Fracture Risk Assessment Tool (FRAX) score, falls in the past 12 months, selected comorbid conditions, prior fracture, current use of glucocorticoids, need of arms to assist to standing, and unexplained weight loss ≥10 lb (≥4.5 kg). Three variables remained predictive of treatment failure after multivariable analysis: worse SF‐36 vitality score (odds ratio [OR] per 10‐point increase, 0.85; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.76–0.95; p = 0.004); two or more falls in the past year (OR, 2.40; 95% CI, 1.34–4.29; p = 0.011), and prior fracture (OR, 2.93; 95% CI, 1.81–4.75; p < 0.0001). The C statistic for the model was 0.712. Specific strategies for fracture prevention should therefore be developed for this subgroup of patients. © 2014 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.     

全膝关节置换术后静脉血栓栓塞症危险因素的Meta分析

目的通过Meta分析总结全膝关节置换术后静脉血栓栓塞症的危险因素,为临床识别和预防全膝关节置换术后静脉血栓栓塞症提供循证医学的根据。 方法检索PUBMED、EMBASE、Cochrane library、中国知网(CKNI)等数据库建库至2018年6月关于全膝关节置换术后发生静脉血栓栓塞症的临床研究。排除研究对象为非成人的文献及结局指标与静脉血栓不相关的文献。由2位研究者独立进行资料提取和质量评估,采用RevMan 5.3软件进行Meta分析。 结果最终共纳入23篇文献,累计病例775 294例,其中10 325例静脉血栓,平均发生率(18.29±0.23)%。Meta分析结果显示,年龄≥ 70岁[OR ＝0.92,95%CI(0.87,0.97),I² ＝33%,P ＝0.0030]、年龄≥ 80岁[OR ＝0.85,95%CI(0.76,0.96),I² ＝68%,P ＝0.0090]、术中止血带的使用[OR＝2.14,95%CI(1.36,3.38),I² ＝0%,P ＝0.0010]是全膝关节置换术后发生静脉血栓栓塞症的危险因素,差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05)。女性[OR ＝0.95,95%CI(0.85,1.05),I² ＝59%,P ＝0.32]、尼格罗人种[OR＝0.40, 95%CI(0.11,1.48),I²＝99%, P＝0.1700]、高血压[OR＝1.46,95%CI(0.87,2.45),I² ＝91%,P ＝0.1500]、糖尿病[OR ＝1.11,95%CI(0.90,1.37),I² ＝68%,P ＝0.3300]、类风湿性关节炎[OR ＝0.78,95%CI(0.38,1.56),I² ＝89%,P ＝0.4800]、翻修[OR ＝1.14,95%CI(0.18,7.25),I² ＝88%,P ＝0.8900]、下肢静脉曲张[OR ＝1.30,95%CI(0.83,2.04),I² ＝29%,P ＝0.2500]、肿瘤[OR ＝1.11,95%CI(0.32,3.92),I² ＝91%,P ＝0.8700]、心脏疾病[OR ＝1.19,95%CI(0.37,2.89),I² ＝98%,P ＝0.9600]、肝肾疾病[OR ＝1.19,95%CI(0.84,1.67),I² ＝0%,P ＝0.3200]不是全膝关节置换术后发生静脉血栓栓塞症的危险因素,差异无统计学意义(P > 0.05)。 结论年龄≥ 70岁、年龄≥ 80岁、术中止血带的使用是全膝关节置换术后发生静脉血栓栓塞症的高危险因素,临床医护人员应更加关注以上相关危险因素,以预防全膝关节置换术后静脉血栓栓塞症的发生。     

Impact of moral injury and posttraumatic stress disorder on health care utilization and suicidality in rural and urban veterans

This study explored the impact of moral injury (MI) and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) on health care utilization, mental health complexity, and suicidality in rural and urban veterans. Analyses combined data from the Salt Lake City PTSD Clinic Intake Database and the Department of Veterans Affairs Corporate Data Warehouse. Participants (N = 1,545; M_age = 45.9 years) were predominately male (88.3%) and White (87.8%). Adjusted analyses indicated associations between a 1-unit increase in Moral Injury Events Scale (MIES) score and increased mental health complexity, RR = 1.01, 95% CI [1.01, 1.02], p < .001; psychotropic medication utilization, RR = 1.01, 95% CI [1.01, 1.03], p < .001; VA drug class count, RR = 1.01, 95% CI [1.00, 1.01], p = .030; outpatient utilization, RR = 1.01, 95% CI [1.01, 1.02], p < .001; and mental health outpatient utilization, RR = 1.01, 95% CI [1.00, 1.03], p < .001. For the MIES x PTSD interaction, all associations remained statistically significant with similar estimated effects. However, for rural veterans, this interaction did not significantly affect utilization. Among those with PTSD, a 1-unit MIES increase was associated with an increased risk of suicidality, OR = 1.02, 95% CI [1.01, 1.04], and psychiatric admission, OR = 1.02, 95% CI [1.00, 1.04]. Findings suggest that higher MIES scores predict increased health care utilization and mental health complexity. Further, PTSD combined with higher MIES scores may increase the risk of suicidality and psychiatric admission. Rural veterans with PTSD and higher MIES scores may require additional outreach and intervention.     

Variability in the management of adhesive small bowel obstruction in children

BackgroundThis study assessed inter-hospital variability in operative-vs-nonoperative management of pediatric adhesive small bowel obstruction (ASBO).MethodsA multi-institutional retrospective study was performed examining patients 1–21 years-of-age presenting with ASBO from 2010 to 2019 utilizing the Pediatric Health Information System. Multivariable mixed-effects logistic regression was performed assessing inter-hospital variability in operative-vs-nonoperative management of ASBO.ResultsAmong 6410 pediatric ASBO admissions identified at 46 hospitals, 3,239 (50.5%) underwent surgery during that admission. The hospital-specific rate of surgery ranged from 35.3% (95%CI: 28.5–42.6%) to 74.7% (66.3–81.6%) in the unadjusted model (p < 0.001), and from 35.1% (26.3–45.1%) to 73.9% (66.7–79.9%) in the adjusted model (p < 0.001). Factors associated with operative management for ASBO included admission to a surgical service (OR 2.8 [95%CI: 2.4–3.2], p < 0.001), congenital intestinal and/or rotational anomaly (OR 2.5 [2.1–3.1], p < 0.001), diagnostic workup including advanced abdominal imaging (OR 1.7 [1.5–1.9], p < 0.001), non-emergent admission status (OR 1.5 [1.3–1.8], p < 0.001), and increasing number of complex chronic comorbidities (OR 1.3 [1.2–1.4], p < 0.001). Factors associated with nonoperative management for ASBO included increased hospital-specific annual ASBO volume (OR 0.98 [95%CI: 0.97–0.99], p = 0.002), older age (OR 0.97 [0.96–0.98], p < 0.001), public insurance (OR 0.87 [0.78–0.96], p = 0.008), and presence of coinciding non-intestinal congenital anomalies, neurologic/neuromuscular disease, and/or medical technology dependence (OR 0.57 [95%CI: 0.47–0.68], p < 0.001).ConclusionsRates of surgical intervention for ASBO vary significantly across tertiary children's hospitals in the United States. The variability was independent of patient and hospital characteristics and is likely due to practice variation.Level of evidenceIII     

Intramedullary Fixation Versus Plate Fixation of Distal Fibular Fractures: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials and Observational Studies

Intramedullary fixation (IMF) has been described as a minimally invasive alternative to open reduction and internal fixation for operative treatment of distal fibular fractures in case of compromised soft tissue or severe comorbidities. The objective was to compare postoperative complications and functional outcomes of intramedullary versus plate fixation (PF) in distal fibular fractures. A systematic review and meta-analysis was performed. The PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane, and CINAHL databases were searched for both randomized controlled trials and observational studies. A total of 26 studies was included, reporting on 1710 patients with a mean age of 51.6 years. Meta-analysis was performed on 8 comparative studies, including subgroup and sensitivity analyses on all outcomes. IMF was associated with significantly fewer wound related complications (odds ratio [OR], 0.11; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.04 to 0.25; p < .01), implant removals (OR, 0.54; 95% CI, 0.31 to 0.93; p?=?.03), and nonunions (OR, 0.31; 95% CI, 0.15 to 0.62; p < .01). No differences were found regarding malunion (OR, 0.45; 95% CI, 0.17 to 1.21; p?=?.11) and the Olerud Molander Ankle Score for long-term functional outcome (mean difference, 9.56; 95% CI, 1.24 to 20.37; p?=?.08). Results of this study apply to a select group of patients, in which the advantages of minimal soft tissue damage by IMF are preferable to optimal fracture reduction by PF. IMF of distal fibular fractures resulted in fewer wound-related complications, implant removals, and nonunions compared with PF. Especially in elderly patients, patients with chronic comorbidity, and patients with compromised soft tissue, IMF may be preferred over PF.     

Total and Visceral Adiposity Are Associated With Prevalent Vertebral Fracture in Women but Not Men at Age 62 Years: The Newcastle Thousand Families Study

Low body weight is an established risk factor for osteoporosis and fracture, but the skeletal risks of higher adiposity are unclear and appear sex‐specific and site‐dependent. The aim of this study was to investigate associations of total fat mass (TFM), visceral adipose tissue (VAT), and C‐reactive protein (CRP) with bone mineral density (BMD) and prevalent vertebral fracture (VF) in men and women aged 62 years. A total of 352 men and women aged 62.5 ± 0.5 years from the Newcastle Thousand Families Study cohort received dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry (DXA) evaluations of femoral neck and lumbar spine BMD, of the lateral spine for vertebral fracture assessment, and of the whole body for TFM and VAT (GE Lunar CoreScan, Madison, WI, USA). Plasma CRP, FRAX scores, falls in the last 12 months, and occupation at age 50 years were also included in the analysis. Vertebral fractures were less prevalent in women than in men (odds ratio [OR] = 0.33, p < 0.001) and BMD or FRAX scores did not differ between participants with and without VF. Women with VF were heavier and had higher TFM, VAT, and CRP than women without (p < 0.001). In women, greater (+1 SD) TFM and VAT increased the odds of any grade VF (TFM: OR = 1.06, p = 0.001; VAT: OR = 2.50, p = 0.002), and greater VAT mass increased the odds of prevalent mild VF (OR = 2.60, p = 0.002). In contrast, there were no associations in men. In both sexes, after controlling for body weight, neither VAT nor CRP were associated with BMD. In conclusion, irrespective of BMD, total and visceral adiposity were associated with prevalent VF in women but not in men. High fat mass, particularly if visceral, should be considered when assessing VF risk in women. Risk factors for VF in men require further investigation, particularly given their high prevalence. © 2017 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.     

掌背侧不同入路钢板内固定治疗桡骨远端不稳定骨折疗效的Meta分析

目的 :评价掌背侧不同入路钢板内固定治疗桡骨远端不稳定骨折的临床效果。方法 :计算机检索Medline,Embase,Cochrane Library,CBM,CNKI自1966年至2014年12月发表的掌背侧不同入路钢板内固定治疗桡骨远端不稳定骨折疗效的所有临床随机对照试验,提取资料,对能进行合并分析的研究用Rev Man5.0软件进行Meta分析。结果:纳入6篇随机对照试验,2篇回顾性队列研究,分为掌侧组、背侧组,掌侧组187例,背侧组204例。Meta分析结果显示:与背侧组比较掌侧组在腕关节功能恢复[SMD=0.74,95%CI(0.47,1.01),P0.000 01],Gartland-Werley评分[SMD=-1.39,95%CI(-2.24,-0.53),P=0.001],术后神经损伤[OR=3.67,95%CI(1.37,9.84),P=0.01],术后腕关节疼痛[OR=0.32,95%CI(0.13,0.74),P=0.008]方面差异具有统计学意义。但是在术后DASH评分[SMD=-0.36,95%CI(-0.97,0.26),P=0.25],术后影像学结果评估[SMD=-0.18,95%CI(-0.53,0.16),P=0.3],术后握力[SMD=0.71,95%CI(-0.12,1.54),P=0.09],术后肌腱损伤[OR=0.31,95%CI(0.10,0.98),P=0.05],术后腕管综合征[OR=0.96,95%CI(0.63,1.48),P=0.87]方面差异无统计学意义。结论 :与背侧入路钢板内固定比较掌侧入路钢板内固定治疗桡骨远端关节内骨折在关节功能恢复情况具有优势,但术后远期并发症多。