冠心病患者心脏变时功能不全的临床意义

目的探讨冠心病患者心脏变时功能不全与冠心病严重度的关系,以及运动试验中心脏变时功能不全的临床应用价值。方法选择130例完成冠状动脉造影(CAG)的病例,对冠状动脉病变进行 Duke 评分和 Gensini 评分,并分为对照组(39例)、冠状动脉单支病变组(30例)、双支病变组(31例)和三支病变组(30例);CAG 前1个月内完成症状限制性踏车运动试验并测定心脏变时功能指标最高心率与预测最大心率值之比(rHR)和心率储备率(HRR)。结果冠心病双支病变组[rHR(0.79±0.08),HRR(0.63±0.11)]和三支病变组[rHR(0.78±0.07),HRR(0.59±0.12)]的心脏变时功能指标明显低于对照组[rHR(0.89±0.06),HRR(0.80±0.10)]和单支病变组[rHR(0.86±0.08),HRR(0.74±0.15)](均 P<0.01);rHR 在双支病变组和三支病变组之间及对照组和单支病变组之间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);HRR 在双支病变组和三支病变组之间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),而对照组和单支病变组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。rHR 和 HRR 与 Duke 评分(r 分别为-0.554、-0.578,均 P<0.01)和 Gennisi 评分(r 分别为-0.453、-0.467,均 P<0.01)呈明显的负相关。运动试验无 ST 段下移但 rHR<85%或 HRR<72%的患者中冠心病发生率达75%。以 rHR<85%或 HRR<72%作为 ST 标准阴性患者的附加阳性判定标准对冠心病的诊断价值[敏感性86.8%(P<0.01)、84.6%(P<0.01),特异性46.2%、46.2%,准确性74.6%(P<0.05)、73.1%,阳性预测值79.0%、78.6%,阴性预测值60.0%、56.3%]略高于传统的 ST 标准(敏感性63.7%,特异性64.1%,准确性63.8%,阳性预测值80.6%,阴性预测值43.1%)。结论心脏变时功能与冠心病的严重度呈负相关,心脏变时功能不全可以预测冠心病的严重度。运动试验中无 ST 段下移的变时功能不全患者有较高的冠心病发生率,rHR<85%或 HRR<72%可以作为运动试验阳性的附加判定标准。     

心脏变时功能不全对冠心病严重度的预测价值

目的探讨变时功能不全与冠心病严重度的关系。方法经选择性冠状动脉造影确诊的91例冠心病患者分为单支病变组(30例)、双支病变组(31例)和三支病变组(30例),所有患者完成亚极量运动负荷试验并计算变时功能指标运动最高心率与预测最大心率值之比(rHR)和心率储备率(HRR)。结果rHR和HRR在双支病变和三支病变组显著低于单支病变组(P<0.01),而双支病变和三支病变组间比较差异无显著性(P>0.05);冠心病患者中HRR<0.72预测多支病变的OR为4.67(95%CI1.8～12.1),预测冠脉狭窄≥75%的OR为3.06(95%CI1.1～8.3)。结论冠心病多支病变患者变时功能降低更严重,变时功能不全可能对冠心病多支病变和冠脉狭窄程度有预测价值。     

BNP与冠状动脉病变及心脏变时性相关性研究

目的探讨冠心病患者血浆脑钠肽（BNP）与冠状动脉病变严重程度及心脏变时性的相关性。方法记录冠心病患者血浆BNP水平及心脏变时性指标,包括r HR和HRR,并记录冠状动脉造影（CAG）结果,计算Gensini评分,对比分析无症状性心肌缺血、稳定型心绞痛及不稳定型心绞痛3组患者血浆BNP水平及心脏变时性指标差异。评价血浆BNP水平与冠状动脉病变严重程度及心脏变时性指标相关性。结果本研究共纳入462例冠心病患者,单因素方差分析结果显示各组间BNP水平差异均有统计学意义（均P〈0.05）;无症状性心肌缺血与不稳定型心绞痛心脏变时性指标r HR比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。Person相关分析显示,冠心病患者血浆BNP水平与冠状动脉病变Gensini评分呈正相关（r=0.43,P〈0.05）,与心脏变时性指标r HR及HRR均呈负相关（r=-0.34,-0.40,均P〈0.05）。结论冠心病患者血浆BNP与冠状动脉病变程度及心脏变时性指标r HR和HRR密切相关,对于评价冠心病心脏功能的改变有重要的临床价值。     

平板运动试验心脏变时功能不全对冠心病的诊断价值

目的探讨平板运动试验心脏变时功能不全对冠心病的诊断价值。方法将240例临床拟诊冠心病患者先后行平板运动试验及冠状动脉造影检查，并按冠状动脉造影结果分为冠心病组和非冠心病组，分析比较两组间心脏变时性指标。运动后最大心率〈预测最大心率的85％和变时性指数（CRI）〈0．8为心脏变时功能不全。结果冠心病组运动后最大心率、变时性指数两种变时功能不全的指标均低于非冠心病组（P〈0．01），与传统的ST段标准相比，变时功能不全诊断冠心病的敏感性、特异性、准确性无明显差异（P〉0．05），ST段标准伴变时功能不全诊断冠心病的特异性、准确性均较ST段标准明显增高，差异具有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论平板运动试验心脏变时功能不全是诊断冠心病的有用指标，与传统的ST段标准联合应用可提高对冠心病的诊断价值。     

运动试验时心脏变时功能不全影响因素的研究

目的分析平板运动试验中心脏变时功能不全的影响因素。方法回顾分析2008年1月至2011年10月于北京大学人民医院行平板运动试验并通过冠状动脉造影明确或排除冠心病的112例患者资料,根据平板运动试验中是否发生心脏变时功能不全(平板运动试验中实测最大心率<85%年龄预测最大心率)将患者分为变时功能正常组(65例)及变时性功能不全组(47例)。收集各项临床观察指标进行Logistic多因素回归分析,探寻平板运动中发生心脏变时功能不全的影响因素。结果单因素分析发现男性(p=0.016)、吸烟(p<0.001)、冠心病(p=0.004)、BM(Ip=0.047)在心脏变时功能不全组间和心脏变时功能正常组两组间存在显著性差异。二分类非条件Logistic多因素回归分析表明,吸烟(OR=3.473;95%CI1.510-7.988;p=0.003)是平板运动试验中心脏变时功能不全的独立危险因素。结论吸烟影响心脏变时功能,是平板运动试验中心脏变时功能不全发生的独立危险因素。     

冠心病患者冠状动脉病变与心脏功能的相关性

目的: 探讨冠状动脉病变范围及狭窄程度与心脏功能的关系。方法: 选择性冠状动脉造影387例,冠状动脉造影证实冠心病患者252例,按病变范围、狭窄程度分组,术前行心脏超声检查,对比分析冠状动脉病变范围及狭窄程度与功能的关系。结果: 冠状动脉轻、中度狭窄、1支病变时,左室收缩功能改变不明显,舒张功能出现减退(P<0.05或P<0.01)。冠状动脉重度狭窄、完全闭塞时,舒张功能明显减退(P<0.01),收缩功能与受累血管数量、病变程度有明显相关性。结论: 冠状动脉病变对心脏的功能有一定影响,冠心病患者心脏舒张功能减退先于收缩功能。     

心肺运动试验后冠心病患者心率恢复与心肺功能及生活质量的关系

目的探讨心肺运动试验后2 min时冠心病患者心率恢复情况与心肺功能及生活质量的关系。方法 2014年12月至2015年12月就诊于该院的冠心病患者52例进行心肺运动试验,根据心肺运动试验心率峰值与试验结束后2 min即时心率的差值(HRR)是否≥42次/min进行分组,21例为正常组(HRR≥42次/min),31例为异常组(HRR42次/min)。比较两组患者心肺运动试验结果及生活质量指标。结果心肺储备功能指标:异常组静息心率、摄氧量峰值、无氧阈值均显著低于正常组(P0.05);生活质量:异常组生理职能、总体健康及活力维度评分明显低于正常组(P0.05)。结论 HRR与冠心病心脏呼吸储备功能及预后生活质量紧密相关,可作为一个辅助指标提示患者的心脏呼吸储备功能及生活质量。     

冠心病患者自主神经活性与冠脉病变相关性研究

目的 探讨冠心病患者心脏自主神经活性变化特点及其与冠脉病变严重程度的关系.方法 选择经冠状动脉造影证实的冠心病患者48例,其中单支冠脉病变28例,多支冠脉病变20例;再选择经冠状动脉造影证实无冠心病者38例为对照组.所有入选者于术前进行24 h动态心电图检测,然后通过人机对话进行心率变异性分析,自动计算出心率变异时域指标SDNN、SDANN、rMSSD和PNN50.结果 冠心病患者各项时域指标平均值为SDNN (70.7±23.5)ms,SDNN (51.6±22.8)ms,rMSSD(30.4±16.9)ms,PNN50 (7.0±5.2)ms,较对照组明显下降(P＜0.01),多支冠脉病变者进一步降低.结论 冠脉病变程度越重自主神经功能受损越明显,因此心率变异性检测对冠心病及其严重程度有一定的预测价值.     

OSAHS合并高血压患者窦性心率震荡的研究

目的探讨阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(OSAHS)合并高血压患者窦性心率震荡(HRT)、心脏变时性功能的变化。方法 OSAHS合并高血压组(OH组)68例、高血压组(H组)34例和健康对照组(N组)21例,所有对象行多导睡眠图监测(PSG)、24h动态心电图监测及平板运动试验,分别计算各组HRT的两个参数:震荡初始(TO)与震荡斜率(TS)、心脏变时性功能的两个指标:运动中实测最大心率(HRmax)与年龄预测最大心率(APMHR)之比(rHR)、运动后1min心率恢复值(HRR-1)。结果 OH组TO明显高于H组及N组,TS明显低于H组及N组,差异具有显著性(p<0.05);OH组rHR、HRR-1明显低于H组及N组,差异具有显著性(p<0.05)。TO、TS、rHR、HRR-1在OH组阳性率明显高于H组及N组,组间比较差异有统计学意义(p<0.05)。结论 OSAHS合并高血压患者较单纯高血压患者HRT减弱、心脏变时性功能降低,OSAHS使高血压患者自主神经功能受损加重。     

心脏变时性功能及心率变异在冠心病中的应用价值

目的探讨心脏变时性功能不全以及心率变异在冠心病患者中的应用价值。方法235例经临床诊断为冠心病患者,应用标准Bruce方案进行亚极量平板运动试验,同步监测血压和12导联心电图,记录运动前,运动中及恢复期的血压和心电图。动态心电图检测分析心率变异、心肌缺血情况。结果235例冠心病患者平板运动试验中,3支冠脉病变者变时性功能不全者合并有ST段改变,心率变异呈SDNN、HF明显低于单支病变者;并且冠脉事件发生率明显增高。结论冠心病患者可通过心脏变时功能预测冠脉病变情况,以降低冠脉事件的发生。     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

Microbiology of human immunodeficiency virus anorectal disease

PURPOSE: Individuals who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus are at high risk for opportunistic infection and anorectal disorders. Little prospective information is available regarding anorectal pathogens in these patients. METHODS: One hundred sixty-three HIV-seropositive patients presented to the colorectal clinic between 1989 and 1992. Forty-seven (29 percent) patients were thought to have an infectious process and were prospectively studied using a standardized multiculture protocol. RESULTS: Mean age was 33 (range, 19–59) years. All were male; high-risk behavior accounted for 87 percent of HIV transmissions. Presenting complaints included anorectal pain (79 percent), pus per anum (28 percent), and blood per anum (26 percent). Examination revealed perianal tenderness (60 percent), condyloma (38 percent), perianal ulcers (38 percent), and anal fissures (34 percent). Sixty-six sets of cultures were performed; 28 patients had one set, 15 had two sets, and 4 had three sets. Thirty-two of these 47 patients (68 percent) had positive cultures including herpes (50 percent), cytomegalovirus (25 percent),Neisseria gonorrhoeae (16 percent), chlamydia (16 percent), acidfast bacilli (2 percent), and others (9 percent). Six of 32 patients with positive cultures had more than one organism cultured. Sixteen (50 percent) patients with positive cultures were treated medically, 8 (25 percent) were treated surgically and 8 (25 percent) were treated with both modalities. Sixty-one procedures were performed on 17 patients for condylomata. Eighteen patients had 20 procedures for abscesses, 50 percent of whom had positive cultures for other than common bowel flora; all improved. Fourteen patients underwent 33 procedures for perianal fistulas.Mycobacterium fortuitum was cultured from one patient who required 13 procedures for abscesses and fistulas. Forty-five (96 percent) patients were followed for an average of 12.5 months ±2.9 SEM (range, 1–94 months). Symptoms were improved or resolved in 22 of 32 (69 percent) patients with positive cultures and in 11 of 13 (84 percent) with negative cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Specific pathogens may often be identified in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with anorectal disorders if aggressively sought. Although patients without specific pathogens identified may be expected to improve with planned empiric treatment, positive identification allows more directed therapy.