Colonic obstruction secondary to incarcerated Spigelian hernia in a severely obese patient

Spigelian hernia is a rare hernia of the ventral abdominal wall accounting for 1-2% of all hernias. Incarceration of a Spigelian hernia has been reported in 17-24% of the cases. We herein describe an extremely rare case of a colonic obstruction secondary to an incarcerated Spigelian hernia in a severely obese patient. Physical examination was inconclusive and diagnosis was established by computed tomography scans. The patient underwent an open intraperitoneal mesh repair. A high level of suspicion and awareness is required as clinical findings of a Spigelian hernia are often nonspecific especially in obese patients. Computed tomography scan provides detailed information for the surgical planning. Open mesh repair is safe in the emergent surgical intervention of a complicated Spigelian hernia in severely obese patients.     

The open mesh repair of Spigelian hernia

BACKGROUND: Spigelian hernias are rare defects of the abdominal wall usually appearing between the abdominal muscles, lateral to the rectus abdominis and through a debilitated Spigelian aponeurosis. Recently, mesh repair has been introduced for the treatment of these types of hernias and different approaches have been proposed. METHODS: Nine patients with Spigelian hernia were prospectively treated by placing a mesh prosthesis between the external oblique and the internal oblique muscles, based on principles of mesh repair established by the Lichtenstein group. RESULTS: Five women and 4 men, mean age 75.7 years, were operated on. In 1 patient the Spigelian hernia was an incidental finding during an inguinal hernia repair. Two patients were operated on an emergency basis. Elective operations were undertaken in ambulatory facilities in 3. Two patients had postoperative ecchymosis with no associated morbidity. No recurrences have been observed during follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: Open mesh repair of Spigelian hernias placing the mesh between the external and internal oblique muscles is a simple and safe approach that can prevent morbidity related to other techniques.     

Surgical repair of incisional ventral hernias: tension-free technique using prosthetic materials (expanded polytetrafluoroethylene Gore-Tex Dual Mesh)

Repairing an incisional ventral hernia is a major challenge for a surgeon. The high recurrence rates observed during hernia repair by tissue approximation led to development of tension-free procedures by using prosthetic materials. The purpose of this study is to report the results of a tension-free repair technique using expanded polytetrafluoroethylene Gore-Tex Dual Mesh (Gore-Tex Soft Tissue Patch, W.L. Gore and Associates Inc, Flagstaff, AZ) in patients with primary or recurrent incisional ventral hernias. Over 3 years, 52 patients with incisional hernias have undergone this procedure in our clinic. Fourteen of them had recurrent hernias which had been primarily repaired by Mayo hernioplasty. Six of our patients had irreducible hernias preoperatively. Twenty-five patients had hernias on midline incisions, and the rest of them had hernias on transverse abdominal incisions. The median patient age was 65 years, and all were operated on under general anesthesia. The majority of the patients had 4 to 6 days of hospitalization. A subcutaneous seroma developed in eight patients. They all were treated by multiple paracentesis. Four of our patients experienced wound infection and were treated by mesh removal. None of the patients presented with cardiovascular or pulmonary complications. During the follow-up period, no other hernia recurrence, except the cases with mesh removal, has been noticed. The tension-free incisional hernia repair using expanded polytetrafluoroethylene mesh is, to our experience, a safe and easy procedure with no major morbidity or recurrence.     

Preperitoneal mesh repair in Spigelian hernia

The first Spigelian hernia was described in 1764. From April 1995 to April 2004, 29 patients underwent 35 Spigelian hernia repair operations in our department. The choice of primary closure or additional mesh was based on the condition of the local tissue. If the tissue appeared of good quality, primary closure was performed; if the tissue was of weak quality, an additional nonresorbable mesh was implanted to induce a stronger scar tissue. Twenty-one Spigelian hernias were repaired using the primary closure method. There were three radiological recurrences, one of which was symptomatic after 10 months and required reoperation. In 14 cases, an additional preperitoneal mesh was implanted. There was no radiological or clinical recurrence in this group. Spigelian hernia repair may therefore have a lower recurrence rate if a preperitoneal mesh is initially implanted.     

Incisional hernioplasty with extraperitoneal onlay polyester mesh

Recurrent incisional hernia remains a major problem for the general surgeon. The high recurrence rate of incisional hernias after primary closure by tissue approximation led to the development of tension-free procedures using prosthetic materials. The goal of this study is to present the results of an extraperitoneal tension-free technique using a polyester mesh (Mersilene). A total of 43 patients with incisional hernias were surgically treated during a 9-year period in our department. Twenty-four patients (56%) had recurrent incisional hernias, 21 had primary repair by tissue approximation, and 3 had prolene mesh tension-free repair with wound infection. Patients' mean age was 68.2 years, and the mean postoperative follow-up was 54.4 months. Immediate postoperative complications were noticed in 9 patients (21%) subcutaneous seroma in 6 (14%) and wound infection in 3 (7%). Recurrence was noticed in 4 patients (9%) during the first 9 postoperative months. Late minor complications such as restriction of abdominal wall motility and chronic pain was noticed in 3 (7%) patients. In conclusion, the extraperitoneal onlay tension-free incisional hernia repair using polyester mesh is an easy and safe procedure with no major morbidity or recurrence rate.     

Postoperative cicatrical hernias of the Spigelian line]

Among 640 patients operated upon due to multiple recurrences of ventral hernias Spigelian hernia was revealed in 11 cases, and primary surgery for Spigelian hernia was performed only in one case. The diagnosis of Spigelian hernias in this category of patients presents considerable difficulties. It is the authors' opinion that operative treatment of Spigelian hernias after repeat operations on abdominal organs should be performed with application of allomaterials. As an alloprosthesis the authors recommend to use a specially manufactured material from Lavsan threads No 200 with 2-3 mm mesh. An examination of patients 10-12 years following herniotomy indicated that neither recurrent hernia nor complications related with the utilization of Lavsan alloprosthesis were noted in any case.     

Spigelian hernias: repair and outcome for 81 patients

Spigelian hernia is a rare partial abdominal wall defect. The frequent lack of physical findings along with vague associated abdominal complaints makes the diagnosis elusive. A retrospective review of Mayo Clinic patients was performed to find all patients who had undergone surgical repair of a Spigelian hernia from 1976 to 1997. Patients were scrutinized for presentation, work-up, therapy, and outcome. The goal of this study was to obtain long-term outcome. The study was set in a tertiary referral center. There were 76 patients in whom 81 Spigelian hernias were repaired. Symptoms most commonly included an intermittent mass (n = 29), pain (n = 20), pain with a mass (n = 22), and bowel obstruction (n = 5). Five patients were asymptomatic. Preoperative imaging was performed in 21 patients and correctly diagnosed the hernia in 15. Spigelian hernias were repaired by primary suture closure (n = 75), mesh (n = 5), and laparoscopic (n = 1) techniques. Eight patients (10%) required emergent operations. Thirteen hernias (17%) were found to be incarcerated at the time of the operation. Overall mean follow-up for the 76 patients was 8 years, with three hernia recurrences identified. Spigelian hernia is rare and requires a high index of suspicion given the lack of consistent symptoms and signs. An astute physician may couple a proper history and physical examination with preoperative imaging to secure the diagnosis. Mesh and laparoscopic repairs are viable alternatives to the durable results of standard primary closure. Given the high rate of incarceration/strangulation, the diagnosis of Spigelian hernia is an indication for surgical repair.     

前入路腹膜前Kugel补片治疗无张力腹股沟疝修补术后复发疝

目的探讨前入路腹膜前Kugel补片治疗无张力腹股沟疝修补术后复发疝的有效性和安全性,并分析其并发症和复发率。 方法回顾性分析2006年1月至2016年1月,广州中医药大学附属东莞中医院40例腹股沟疝复发患者,记录复发疝类型、手术时间、并发症和复发率,采用视觉模拟评分（visual analogue scale,VAS）记录术前术后慢性疼痛的发生率。手术采取前入路,切除手术瘢痕和取出卷曲挛缩的合成补片。创建腹膜前间隙后,将Kugel补片置入腹膜和腹横筋膜之间加强耻骨肌孔。 结果平均手术时间50 min（50～65 min）。术中有8例腹膜轻度损伤,发现后立即修补。无切口感染,3例皮下血肿、1例血清肿,5例术后尿潴留需插尿管。术前慢性疼痛率77.5%,术后12个月后下降至12.5%。随访时间24个月（12～50个月）,无复发患者。 结论前入路腹膜前Kugel补片治疗无张力腹股沟疝修补术后复发疝安全有效、操作简单,尤其适合平片或网塞修补术后有慢性疼痛的复发患者。     

Incarcerated Spigelian hernia mimicking obstructing colon carcinoma

Spigelian hernia is a ventral abdominal hernia that only rarely causes incarceration or strangulation of the bowel. There are few reports in the surgical literature of colonic obstruction secondary to incarcerated Spigelian hernia. In this paper, we present a patient with an incarcerated sigmoid colon in a Spigelian hernia sac, mimicking on contrast enema an obstructing carcinoma. Accurate diagnosis was made pre-operatively by computed tomography (CT), and the hernia was repaired by polypropylene mesh in a tension-free manner.     

疝环充填及平片置入无张力修补治疗老年人复发性腹股沟疝

目的探讨疝环充填及平片置入无张力修补老年复发性腹股沟疝的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析我院1997年5月至2004年5月收治的32例老年腹股沟复发疝患者的临床资料,其中斜疝22例,直疝8例,膀胱滑疝2例。全部病例均同时行疝环充填、平片置入无张力修补术。结果全部病例无感染,1例术后发生尿潴留。3例伤口轻微疼痛。伤口一期愈合,术后5~10 d出院。随访5个月至5年,1例术后2年复发,再次行无张力疝修补术治愈。结论同时行疝环充填及平片置入,加强腹股沟管后壁的无张力修补方法,手术创伤小,术后恢复快,并发症少,治疗老年复发性腹股沟疝,疗效满意。     

Bilateral Spigelian hernia treated by two‐layered prolene mesh

Spigelian hernia is an uncommon variety of abdominal hernias. It has been traditionally treated by tension‐free mesh hernioplasty. We report a rare case of a bilateral Spigelian hernia in an elderly male that was treated by bilateral two‐layeyed prolene mesh hernia system. Rare ventral hernia such as Spigelian hernia with weak abdominal wall can be safely treated by tension‐free mesh repair using bilayered prolene mesh system.     

Spigelian Hernia: a Diagnostic Dilemma and Laparoscopic Management

Spigelian hernias, also called as lateral ventral hernias, are rare hernias to present themselves in clinical practice. The significance of these hernias lies in the fact that they are commonly intraparietal hernias and are, hence, difficult to diagnose clinically. Moreover, the neck of these hernias is usually small, posing a fair risk of strangulation. With the advancement in laparoscopic hernia repair, there is evidence that Spigelian hernias too can be repaired laparoscopically, thereby causing less morbidity and shorter hospital stay. Here, we present a rare case of large Spigelian hernia that posed to us as a diagnostic dilemma. The symptoms, clinical findings, and ultrasound of the patient were not specific, and a CT scan had to be used as the measure to confirm the diagnosis. The patient was then managed successfully with laparoscopic intraperitoneal onlay mesh repair. The details of the case and a brief discussion are included.     

Mesh-free laparoscopic spigelian hernia repair

Varied Spigelian hernia mesh repair techniques have been described, although evidence suggests laparoscopy results in less morbidity and shorter hospitalization compared with open procedures. Laparoscopic suture repair of Spigelian hernias is rarely reported. Two patients with small Spigelian hernias (< or =2 cm) were diagnosed and repaired laparoscopically using a transabdominal suture technique. Under laparoscopic guidance, a suture-passer was used to place two or three transfacial, interrupted 0 polypropylene sutures along the horizontal plane of the defect. Sutures were tied extracorporeally and closure was confirmed laparoscopically. These cases spurred a review of world literature (2001-2007) including clinical characteristics, operative techniques, and urgency of operations in Spigelian hernia patients. Data were compared using Fisher's exact test. One year postoperatively, the patients are without sequelae or recurrence. Literature review demonstrated most patients were females (P < 0.001), ranged in age from 60 to 80 years (P = 0.042), and presented with left-sided hernias (P = 0.026). Open mesh repair (182/392 cases; 47%) was the most common technique; however, increasingly articles describe laparoscopic mesh repair. Mesh-free laparoscopic suture repair is feasible and safe. This novel uncomplicated approach to small Spigelian hernias combines the benefits of laparoscopic localization, reduction, and closure without the morbidity and cost associated with foreign material.     

Single-Incision Laparoscopic Repair of Spigelian Hernia

Introduction:Spigelian hernias represent only 1% to 2% of all abdominal wall hernias. The treatment, however, remains controversial but depends on institutional expertise. This case series reports the first experience with single-incision laparoscopic totally extraperitoneal (SILTEP) repair of Spigelian hernias with telescopic extraperitoneal dissection in combination with inguinal hernia repair.Methods:From February 2013 to April 2014, all patients referred with inguinal or Spigelian hernias, without histories of extraperitoneal intervention, underwent SILTEP repair with telescopic extraperitoneal dissection. A single-port device, 5.5 mm/52 cm/30° angled laparoscope, and conventional straight dissecting instruments were used for all cases. Extraperitoneal dissection was performed under direct vision with preservation of preperitoneal fascia overlying retroperitoneal nerves. Inguinal herniorrhaphy was performed with lightweight mesh that covered low-lying Spigelian defects. High-lying Spigelian defects were repaired with additional mesh.Results:There were 131 patients with 186 (92 direct) inguinal hernias and 7 patients with 8 Spigelian hernias (6 incidental, including 1 bilateral and 2 preoperatively diagnosed), with a mean age of 51.3 years and a mean body mass index of 25.1 kg/m². An additional piece of mesh was used for 3 hernias. All Spigelian hernias were associated with direct inguinal hernias, and 8 combined inguinal and Spigelian hernias were successfully repaired with SILTEP repair with telescopic extraperitoneal dissection as day cases. There were no clinical recurrences during a mean follow-up period of 6 months (range, 1–15 months).Conclusions:Combined Spigelian and inguinal hernias can be successfully treated with SILTEP herniorrhaphy with telescopic extraperitoneal dissection. The high incidence of Spigelian hernias associated with direct inguinal hernias suggests a high index of suspicion for Spigelian hernias during laparoscopic inguinal herniorrhaphy.     

聚丙烯类补片腹膜前修补术联合脐再造术治疗非洲成人脐疝97例

目的探讨聚丙烯补片腹膜前修补术联合脐再造术在非洲成人脐疝治疗中的应用价值。方法回顾性分析2010年7月至2012年7月，惠州市第一人民医院参加中国援助赤道几内亚医疗队，对马拉博地区医院收治的当地成人脐疝患者97例，采用聚丙烯补片腹膜前修补术联合脐再造术治疗的临床资料。结果随访观察疗效，脐疝修补治愈率100％，未见复发；重建脐部恢复良好，外形美观，患者及其家属满意。结论针对成人脐疝患者，采用聚丙烯平片腹膜前修补法同期联合行脐再造术的手术方式，疝修补成功率高，复发率低，再造的肚脐形状优美，达到了理想的手术效果和美容效果，不仅适用于非洲黑色人种患者，而且也适宜在国内推广。     

无张力疝修补术在老年腹股沟疝患者中应用的临床体会

目的总结善释腹膜前专用网塞在老年腹股沟疝无张力疝修补术中的治疗效果和临床价值。方法采用善释腹膜前专用网塞对210例老年腹股沟疝患者施行无张力疝修补术,观察手术时间、伤口疼痛、术后自主能力的恢复、并发症及复发率。结果 210例手术过程均顺利.术后出现尿潴留2例;阴囊积液1例;伤口持续疼痛2例;伤口区有异物感2例;伤口区积液2例;随访3～30个月,无复发。结论善释腹膜前专用网塞行无张力疝修补术是一种老年腹股沟疝理想的手术方式,具有手术简便,创伤小,无张力,省时,复发率低,并发症少等优点。是疗效确切的无张力疝修补方法。     

疝环充填或改良Kugel术治疗腹股沟疝的回顾性对比研究

目的:回顾性比较疝环充填术与前入路改良Kugel腹膜前疝修补术治疗腹股沟疝在时间、住院时间、恢复工作时间、手术并发症及复发率等方面,评价两种术式的疗效及优缺点。方法:采用回顾性非随机对照方法,将2003年7月至2009年7月期间的987例1 065侧腹股沟疝病人(其中78例为双侧)分为疝环充填修补组(网塞组,521侧)和改良Kugel修补组(MK组,544侧)。网塞组采用BARD公司的Plug-Mesh进行无张力修补,MK组采用BARD公司的Modified Kugel(MK)补片修补。结果:平均随访时间3～40(20.0±5.3)个月。两组病人的平均手术时间、住院时间、手术并发症和术后复发率差异圴无统计学意义。MK组术后腹股沟区疼痛不适的发生率显著低于网塞组(P0.05)。结论:与临床广泛采用的疝环充填式无张力疝修补术相比,前入路改良Kugel腹膜前疝修补术同样操作简单,疗效可靠,同时可显著降低术后病人疼痛不适的发生率,具有较好的临床应用价值。     

Concurrent Gastric Bypass and Repair of Anterior Abdominal Wall Hernias

Background: Many patients seeking surgical treatment for morbid obesity present with anterior abdominal wall hernias. Although principles of hernia repair involve a tension-free repair with the use of prosthetic mesh, there is concern about the use of mesh in gastric bypass surgery due to potential contamination with the contents of the gastrointestinal tract and resultant mesh infection. We report our series of patients undergoing Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGBP) and simultaneous anterior abdominal wall hernia repair. Methods: All patients who underwent simultaneous RYGBP surgery and anterior abdominal wall hernia repair were reviewed. Results: 12 patients underwent concurrent RYGBP and anterior wall hernia repair. There were 5 women and 7 men with average age 54.9 ± 8.5 years (range 35 to 64) and average body mass index (BMI) 50.4 ± 10.3 kg/m² (range 38 to 70). Two open and 10 laparoscopic RYGBP operations were performed. Nine patients (75%) underwent incisional hernia repairs and 3 patients (25%) underwent umbilical hernia repair concurrent with gastric bypass. Average size of defect was 14.7 ± 13.4 cm². One patient had primary repair and 11 patients had prosthetic mesh repair: polypropylene in 3 patients (25%) and polyester in 8 patients (67%). With a 14.1 ± 9.3 month follow-up, there have been no mesh infections and 2 recurrences, one in the patient who underwent primary repair and one in a patient repaired with polyester mesh but with two previous failed incisional hernia repairs. Conclusion: Concurrent RYGBP and repair of anterior abdominal wall hernias is safe and feasible. In order to optimize success, tension-free principles of hernia repair with the use of prosthetic mesh should be followed since no mesh infections occurred in our series.     

补片修补腹壁切口疝的临床应用

目的探讨腹壁切口疝的治疗。方法回顾性分析150例腹壁切口疝患者的临床资料。（1）肌腱膜上补片置入手术（ONLAY）126例；（2）筋膜前（腹膜前）、肌下补片置入手术（SUBLAY）4例；（3）缺损处直接补片置入途径（INLAY）13例；（4）腹膜腔内补片置入术（Introperitonealsite）7例。结果平均年龄58．5岁，女性占52．5％。上腹部切口36％，下腹部切口占64％。全部采用合成材料修补。聚丙烯材料130例，聚四氟乙烯-聚丙烯双面材料16例，强生Proceed补片4例，开腹手术143例，腹腔镜手术7例。复发3例，手术复发率为2％。结论ONLAY手术安全可靠，复发率低，是可以接受的切口疝修补方法，避免伤口感染，防治腹内压升高，促进伤口愈合，保证缝合质量是预防切口疝关键。     

开放式肠造口旁疝手术修补法30例分析

目的 分析开放式肠造口旁疝的手术修补方法存在的问题。方法 对2002年6月至2006年6月30例肠造口旁疝病人的手术方式、术后并发症、住院时间、复发情况进行回顾分析。结果 原位腹腔内无张力造口旁疝修补术和移位造口旁疝修补术各有1例复发。移位造口旁疝修补术后有1例皮下积液。原位腹膜前无张力造口旁疝修补术有2例伤口愈合不良。未发生肠坏死及肠梗阻等术后并发症。原位腹腔内和腹膜前无张力造口旁疝修补术后住院时间10～14d，移位造口旁疝修补术后住院时间18～21d。结论 肠造口旁疝无张力修补术的方法还有待进一步改进。