基于增强CT影像组学术前预测胃腺癌淋巴结转移

目的 观察增强CT影像组学模型术前预测胃腺癌淋巴结转移（LNM）的价值。方法 回顾性分析193例经术后病理证实的单发胃腺癌的腹部双期增强CT资料,将其分为训练集（n=97）和验证集（n=96）,比较LNM （+）与LNM （－）肿瘤CT表现的差异。分别于增强动脉期和静脉期CT提取病灶影像组学特征,构建相应影像组学标签;将单因素分析有统计学意义的CT参数及其影像组学标签纳入多因素logistic回归分析,筛选胃腺癌LNM的独立预测因素,分别建立临床模型及影像组学列线图。采用受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线评估各模型预测胃腺癌LNM的效能,计算曲线下面积（AUC）,比较其差异。结果 训练集含54例LNM （+）和43例LNM （－）,验证集含58例LNM （+）和38例LNM （－）。LNM （+）患者肿瘤厚度和阳性淋巴结占比均高于LNM （－）者（P均<0.05）。肿瘤厚度及淋巴结状态均为LNM的独立预测因素（P均<0.01）并用于构建临床模型。淋巴结状态和静脉期影像组学标签是胃腺癌LNM的独立预测因素（P均<0.01）,以之构建的影像组学列线图在训练集和验证集中的AUC分别为0.810和0.778,与临床模型AUC差异均无统计学意义（0.772、0.762,Z=1.11、0.27,P=0.27、0.78）。结论 基于增强CT影像组学模型术前预测胃腺癌LNM效能较佳。     

基于双能量CT影像组学模型术前预测进展期胃腺癌短径 ≥ 0.6 cm淋巴结转移

目的 分析基于双能量CT影像组学模型术前预测进展期胃腺癌短径≥0.6 cm淋巴结转移（LNM）的价值。方法 回顾性分析经手术切除的进展期胃腺癌患者，根据病理结果纳入36例pN3期114枚转移淋巴结（转移组）和26例pN0期65枚非转移淋巴结（非转移组），入组淋巴结短径均≥0.6 cm，将淋巴结分为训练集（n=125）和验证集（n=54）。对比组间原发肿瘤及淋巴结CT特征，采用广义估计方程（GEE）构建临床模型。提取静脉期融合图和碘图中的淋巴结影像组学特征，以组内相关系数（ICC）检验和Boruta算法筛选特征，构建影像组学模型，采用受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线和决策曲线分析（DCA）评价模型的诊断效能和临床收益。结果 单因素及多因素GEE分析显示，原发肿瘤部位及最大径、淋巴结边缘及脂肪分数为LNM独立预测因素（P均<0.05），以之构建的临床模型预测训练集和验证集LNM的曲线下面积（AUC）分别为0.74和0.76。经ICC检验（ICC>0.8）及Boruta算法筛选，最终保留27个影像组学特征；以之建立的影像组学模型预测训练集和验证集LNM的AUC分别为0.99和0.98，均高于临床模型（P均<0.01），且临床收益更优。结论 基于双能量CT影像组学模型术前预测进展期胃腺癌短径≥0.6 cm LNM具有较高价值。     

基于体检高分辨CT的影像组学模型预测肺部孤立性磨玻璃结节良恶性的价值

目的 探讨构建体检高分辨率CT（high-resolution computed tomography, HRCT）的影像组学模型术前预测肺部孤立性磨玻璃结节（ground glass nodule, GGN）良恶性的价值。方法 回顾性分析2019年1月至2022年10月上海市奉贤区中心医院诊断为肺孤立性GGN的152例患者的肺部体检HRCT图像，按照7∶3的比例随机分为训练组（n＝106）和验证组（n＝46）。根据病理结果将训练组患者分为恶性组（n＝56）和良性组（n＝50），比较两组患者临床特征。评估训练组患者肺孤立性GGN的常规CT影像特征，采用PyRadiomics软件在每个病灶的全域感兴趣区（volume of interest, VOI）提取107个影像特征，采用Lasso回归筛选影像特征并建立影像组学标签。采用logistic回归建立3种预测模型（临床模型、影像组学模型和联合模型），采用ROC曲线和曲线下面积（area under the curve, AUC）评价3种模型的预测效能。结果 Lasso回归共筛选出13个与预测肺孤立性GGN良恶性最相关的影像组学特征；3个临床特征在恶性组和良性组的差异有统计学意义，分别为病灶密度（P＝0.018）、分叶征（P＝0.036）和支气管征（P＝0.033）。Logistic回归分析显示，影像组学特征的NCCT_original_firstorder_10Percentile、NCCT_original_glrlm_RunEntropy、NCCT_original_shape_Sphericity、临床特征的CT值、临床特征得分和影像组学得分可作为肺孤立性GGN良恶性的预测因素。影像组学模型、临床模型和联合诊断模型的AUC在训练组中分别为0.971（95%CI 0.884～0.996）、0.866（95%CI 0.786～0.925）和0.977（95%CI 0.827～0.996），在验证组中分别为0.883（95%CI 0.763～0.961）、0.692（95%CI 0.538～0.819）和0.934（95%CI 0.820～0.986）。结论 基于HRCT影像组学特征构建的模型可以有效预测肺孤立性GGN的良恶性。     

基于增强CT放射组学预测肝细胞肝癌病理分级

目的 观察增强CT放射组学术前预测肝细胞肝癌（HCC）病理分级的可行性及价值。方法 回顾分析429例经手术病理证实的HCC患者，分为训练组（n=329）和测试组（n=100），记录其临床特征；提取动脉期（AP）及静脉期（VP）CT图像的放射组学特征，应用最小绝对值收敛和选择算子（LASSO）回归分析法对其进行降维，筛选最有价值的组学特征后，构建基于AP、VP、AP+VP图像特征的组学模型，计算2组放射学评分并进行二分类判别。根据病理结果定义高级别和低级别HCC，采用10倍交叉验证训练选择最优组学预测模型，筛选对预测HCC病理分级有意义的临床特征后，构建临床模型以及联合组学特征和临床特征的联合模型。绘制3种模型预测训练组和测试组HCC病理分级的ROC曲线，评估其诊断能力。结果 联合组学模型最优，其判别训练组及测试组高级别和低级别HCC的放射学评分的差异均有统计学意义（Z=8.58、3.24，P均<0.05）。测试组中，联合模型预测HCC病理分级的AUC值（0.70）与组学模型（0.69）和临床模型（0.63）差异均无统计学意义（P均>0.05）。结论 基于增强CT图像的放射组学特征可用于术前预测HCC病理分级。     

Patlak联合不可逆两组织隔室模型动态18F-FDG PET/CT诊断肺原发肿瘤胸部高代谢转移性淋巴结

目的 观察Patlak联合不可逆两组织隔室模型（2TC-3k）动态¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT诊断肺原发肿瘤胸部高代谢转移性淋巴结的价值。方法 前瞻性纳入16例CT显示胸部存在可疑淋巴结转移且拟接受PET/CT检查的肺原发肿瘤患者,行胸部动态和全身静态¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT扫描;计算全身静态PET/CT图像中原发肿瘤及胸部高代谢淋巴结的最大标准摄取值（SUV_max）及平均标准摄取值（SUV_mean）,纳入淋巴结SUV_max>2.5者。采用Patlak图形分析和2TC-3k分析原发肿瘤和高代谢淋巴结动态数据,获取动力学参数的一阶特征参数,建立logistic模型;以病理学为金标准,分析模型诊断胸部高代谢淋巴结转移的效能。结果 共纳入11例患者、32枚胸部高代谢淋巴结,病理学示15枚为转移性、17枚非转移性。Ki_Kurtosis诊断胸部转移性高代谢淋巴结的曲线下面积（AUC）为0.81,以71 590.45为Ki_Kurtosis的截断值,其敏感度为70.60%,特异度为86.70%;V_B_Entropy的AUC为0.79,以6.16×10^－4为V_B_Entropy的截断值,其敏感度为80.00%,特异度为82.40%。肺原发肿瘤与胸部高代谢转移性淋巴结V_B_Kurtosis （r=0.67,P<0.05）和Ki_UPP （r=0.69,P<0.05）呈正相关。Patlak动态PET/CT模型诊断胸部转移性高代谢淋巴结的AUC为0.85[95%CI（0.71,0.99）],敏感度为76.50%,特异度为93.30%;2TC-3k动态PET/CT模型的AUC为0.87[95%CI（0.74,0.99）],敏感度为82.40%,特异度为80.00%;二者联合模型的AUC为0.91[95%CI（0.80,1.00）],敏感度为94.10%,特异度为80.00%;3个模型AUC两两比较差异均无统计学意义（P均>0.05）。结论 Patlak结合2TC-3k动态¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT对诊断肺原发肿瘤胸部高代谢转移性淋巴结具有一定价值。     

临床、CT影像组学及融合模型预测肝细胞癌分化程度

目的 评价临床、CT影像组学及融合模型预测肝细胞癌（HCC）分化程度的可行性。方法 纳入330例HCC患者,根据病理所见分化程度分为高分化组（n=85）、中分化组（n=161）及低分化组（n=84）,比较组间临床资料及CT征象差异。按3∶1比例随机将各组分为训练集及测试集。提取训练集CT影像组学特征,构建临床模型、影像组学模型及融合模型。绘制受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线,计算曲线下面积（AUC）,评估各模型鉴别不同分化程度HCC的效能。结果 共纳入352个CT影像组学特征,109个来自高、中分化HCC,84个来自中、低分化HCC,159个来自高、低分化HCC。临床模型鉴别高、低分化HCC的AUC为0.85;CT影像组学模型鉴别高分化与中、低分化HCC的AUC分别为0.80及0.79;融合模型鉴别高、低分化HCC的AUC为0.88。结论 临床、CT影像组学及融合模型预测高、低分化HCC的效能均较高。CT影像组学模型可较好地预测高、中分化HCC。     

基于T2WI影像组学标签预测乳腺癌人表皮生长因子受体2表达状态

目的 探讨基于MR T2WI的影像组学标签在术前预测乳腺癌人表皮生长因子受体2（HER2）表达状态的价值。方法 回顾性收集209例乳腺癌患者的T2WI,将患者随机分为训练组（n=145）和验证组（n=64）。手动勾画病灶ROI,并于Matlab 2013a平台中提取组学特征。通过组间相关系数及最小绝对收缩和选择算子逻辑回归模型筛选组学特征并构建组学标签。比较HER2表达阳性与阴性亚组患者的影像组学得分差异,采用ROC曲线评价训练组中影像组学标签预测HER2的效能,并以获得的预测阈值用于验证组中进行验证。结果 最终获得由13个组学特征构成的影像组学标签。在训练组及验证组中,HER2阳性亚组与阴性亚组患者间组学得分差异均有统计学意义（P均<0.05）。基于T2WI的影像组学标签在训练组及验证组中的AUC分别为0.798、0.707。结论 基于T2WI构建的影像组学标签对术前预测乳腺癌HER2表达状态具有一定价值。     

MRI影像组学预测结直肠癌患者KRAS基因突变

目的 构建MR T2WI影像组学模型,评价其预测结直肠癌患者Kirsten大鼠肉瘤（KRAS）病毒癌基因亚型的价值。方法 将99例经病理证实的结直肠癌患者分为训练组（n=68）及验证组（n=31）,根据KRAS基因检测结果进一步将其分为突变亚组及野生亚组,训练组2亚组分别含36、32例,验证组2亚组分别含16、15例,比较亚组间实验室检查结果及肿瘤大小的差异;提取并筛选训练组MR T2WI影像组学特征,构建影像组学模型、临床模型及影像组学-临床联合模型。绘制受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线,计算曲线下面积（AUC）,评价各模型预测结直肠癌患者KRAS基因亚型的效能;以DeLong检验比较各模型间效能差异。通过校正曲线分析3种模型的校正性能,以Hosmer-Lemeshow检验评价校准曲线的校准度;以决策曲线分析（DCA）评价3种模型临床应用价值。结果 训练组和验证组内亚组间实验室检查结果及肿瘤大小差异均无统计学意义（P均>0.05）。共提取3个组学特征用于构建预测模型。影像组学模型与临床模型、影像组学-临床联合模型预测2组KRAS基因亚型的AUC差异均无统计学意义（P均>0.05）;影像组学-临床联合模型预测训练组KRAS基因亚型的AUC显著高于临床模型（P<0.05）,但在验证组差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05）。校准曲线及Hosmer-Lemeshow检验显示3种模型预测值和观察值的一致性良好（P均>0.05）。影像组学模型和影像组学-临床联合模型在2组中的DCA曲线净收益值均高于临床模型。结论 MR T2WI影像组学纹理特征预测结直肠癌患者KRAS基因突变亚型具有一定潜力。     

基于增强CT影像组学模型预测食管癌患者放化疗完全缓解后肿瘤复发的价值

目的：探讨基于术前平扫期、动脉期和静脉期CT影像所构建的影像组学模型用于预测食管癌患者放化疗完全缓解后肿瘤复发的价值。方法：回顾性收集2013年6月—2019年6月我院接受放化疗治疗的食管癌患者，达到完全缓解后且通过定期复查和随访确认肿瘤复发情况。最终入组77例患者并随机分为训练组（38例无复发和11例复发）和验证组（19例无复发和9例复发）。所有患者均在治疗前2周进行增强CT扫描，分别提取平扫期、动脉期和静脉期的食管癌病灶组学特征参数，采用最小绝对收缩和选择算子（LASSO）回归进行数据降维筛选关联特征，通过逻辑（Logistic）回归方法构建预测模型并利用并以受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线和决策（DCA）曲线评估模型效能。结果：通过特征降维在平扫期、动脉期和静脉期内分别筛选出4个、5个和5个组学特征用于建模。基于平扫期、动脉期、静脉期CT影像构建的预测模型在训练组中取得的曲线下面积（AUC）分别为0.806、0.952和0.959；在验证组中取得的AUC分别为0.708、0.930和0.918。决策曲线分析结果表明基于动脉期和静脉期CT影像的组学模型相比于基于平扫期CT影像的组学模型...     

增强CT模型及影像组学模型预测肾透明细胞癌WHO/ISUP分级

目的 比较增强CT模型与影像组学模型预测肾透明细胞癌（ccRCC）WHO/ISUP分级的效能。方法 回顾性分析131例经病理确诊ccRCC患者,按照3 ∶ 2比例分层抽样分为训练集（n=78）和验证集（n=53）。根据2016版肾癌WHO/ISUP病理分级标准,以Ⅰ~Ⅱ级为低级别、Ⅲ~Ⅳ级为高级别ccRCC。训练集55例低级别、23例高级别ccRCC;验证集37例低级别、16例高级别ccRCC。以训练集构建增强CT模型及影像组学模型预测ccRCC级别,于验证集加以验证,比较其诊断效能。结果 增强CT模型在训练集及验证集预测高、低级别ccRCC的曲线下面积（AUC）分别为0.89及0.76,敏感度分别0.83及0.56,特异度分别为0.84及0.87;影像组学模型的AUC分别为0.98及0.85,敏感度分别0.96及0.91,特异度分别为0.75及0.84。训练集中影像组学模型的AUC大于增强CT模型（Z＝2.05,P<0.05）,验证集中二者AUC差异无统计学意义（Z＝0.95,P=0.34）。决策曲线分析结果显示高风险概率阈值为0.08~1.00时,影像组学模型净获益高于增强CT模型。结论 影像组学模型预测ccRCC WHO/ISUP分级的效能优于增强CT模型。     

Determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum using immunological inhibition of creatine kinase M subunit activity. Activity kinetics and diagnostic significance in myocardial infarction.

This is a new method for the determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum. The method uses direct activity measurement of creatine kinase B subunit activity after blocking of CK-M subunit activity by inhibiting antibodies. The test takes no longer than 15 min. The method yields an intra-serial C.V. of 2.0-12.9%, and a C.V. from day to day of 5.5%. The detection limit is 3.4 U/l creatine kinase MB. In the 95 cases with proven myocardial infarction several types of creatine kinase MB activity kinetics could be determined. The percentage of creatine kinase MB of peak CK-total is 6-25%, with a mean of 11.1%. The amount of creatine kinase MB with respect to total CK activity after reinfarction is higher than the amount after initial infarction.     

Guns and Knives in New Mexico: Patterns of Penetrating Trauma, 1978–1993

Objective: To identify patterns of nonfatal and fatal penetrating trauma among children and adults in New Mexico using ED and medical examiner data.
Methods: The authors retrospectively sampled in 5-year intervals all victims of penetrating trauma who presented to either the state Level-1 trauma center or the state medical examiner from a 16-year period (1978–1993). Rates of nonfatal and fatal firearm and stabbing injury were compared for children and adults.
Results: Rates of nonfatal injury were similar (firearm, 34.3 per 100,000 person-years; stabbing, 35.1). However, rates of fatal injury were significantly different (firearm, 21.9; stabbing, 2.7; relative risk: 8.2; 95% confidence interval: 5.4, 12.5). From 1978 to 1993, nonfatal injury rates increased for children (p = 0.0043) and adults (p < 0.0001), while fatal penetrating injury remained constant. The increase in nonfatal injury in children resulted from increased firearm injury rates. In adults, both stabbing and firearm nonfatal injury rates increased.
Conclusions: Nonfatal injury data suggest that nonfatal violence has increased; fatal injury data suggest that violent death rates have remained constant. Injury patterns vary by age, mechanism of trauma, and data source. These results suggest that ED and medical examiner data differ and that both are needed to guide injury prevention programs.     

俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者氧合的影响

目的 探讨俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张术(RM)治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)患者的治疗作用.方法 从海拔2260m的地区医院筛选RM治疗无效的41例ARDS患者[平均氧合指数( PaO2/FiO2)较RM前升高＜20％视为RM无效],依不同病因分为肺内源性ARDS组(ARDSp组)和肺外源性ARDS组(ARDSexp组),每组再按信封法随机分为俯卧位组和仰卧位组,即ARDSp俯卧位组(11例)、ARDSp仰卧位组(9例)、ARDSexp俯卧位组(10例)、ARDSexp仰卧位组(11例).在通气前及通气1、2、3、4h监测动脉血氧分压( PaO2)、PaO2/FiO2、静态顺应性(Cst)、气道阻力(Raw)的变化.结果 通气lh时,ARDSexp俯卧位组PaO2/FiO2( mm Hg,l mm Hg=0.133 kPa)即较通气前显著升高(157.4±40.6比129.3±48.7,P＜0.05),并随通气时间延长呈持续增高趋势,4h达峰值(219.1 ±41.1);且ARDSexp俯卧位组通气3h内PaO2/FiO2较其他3组显著增高,另3组间则差异无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组、ARDSexp俯卧位组通气4h时PaO2/FiO2均较相应仰卧位组显著增高(208.8±39.7比127.4±47.1,219.1±41.1比124.9±50.8,均P＜0.05).4组通气前后Cst无显著改变,各组间差异也无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组通气4h时Raw(cmH2O·L-1·s-1)较通气前显著降低(6.8±1.7比10.7±1.8,P＜0.05),且明显低于其他3组;其他3组各时间点Raw组内及组间比较差异均无统计学意义.结论 俯卧位通气作为ARDS机械通气重要策略之一,可以改善RM无效高原ARDS患者的氧合,为抢救患者赢得宝贵的时间.     

Digital imaging among medical facilities

The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) in the USA operates a network of 172 medical centres which all utilize a hospital information system (HIS) which has been developed and is currently maintained by the VA. During the past several years, an image management and communication module has been developed, installed and clinically utilized at the Washington DC and Maryland VA Medical Centres. This image management and communication system, referred to as the decentralized hospital computer program (DHCP) imaging system, is fully integrated with a commercial picture archiving and communication system (PACS). The system is utilized to capture, archive, and display all images generated within the hospital including radiology, nuclear medicine, pathology, endoscopy, bronchoscopy, and dermatology, intraoperative photographs, ECG data, and a limited number of paper documents. The ultimate goal of the project is to have all patient text and image data available at any clinical workstation to any authorized user anywhere within the network of medical centres. Clinical requirements for an imaging workstation include ease of use, rapid and reliable access to the complete set of patient information, and images which are of acceptable quality to meet the requirements of the user and the subspecialty. Patient confidentiality and data security must be safeguarded at all times. Integration of the images with the remainder of the patient's database was found to be critical to the success of the project. The experience at the Washington and Maryland facilities suggests that an imaging system that is successfully integrated with a hospital information system can provide substantial clinical and economic benefits both within and among medical centres. Clinical acceptance and utilization of the system has been excellent, particularly in diagnostic radiology where DHCP Imaging has been interfaced to a commercial PAC system. Based upon this initial experience, the VA has begun to deploy the system throughout its large network of medical centres.     

Myocardial elastography at both high temporal and spatial resolution for the detection of infarcts

Myocardial elastography is a novel method for noninvasively assessing regional myocardial function, with the advantages of high spatial and temporal resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In this paper, in-vivo experiments were performed in anesthetized normal and infarcted mice (one day after left anterior descending coronary artery [LAD] ligation) using a high-resolution (30 MHz) ultrasound system (Vevo 770, VisualSonics Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada). Radiofrequency (RF) signals of the left ventricle (LV) in longitudinal (long-axis) view and the associated electrocardiogram (ECG) were simultaneously acquired. Using a retrospective ECG gating technique, 2-D full field-of-view RF frames were acquired at an extremely high frame rate (8 kHz) that resulted in high-quality incremental displacement and strain estimation of the myocardium. The incremental results were further accumulated to obtain the cumulative displacements and strains. Two-dimensional and M-mode displacement images and strain images (elastograms), as well as displacement and strain profiles as a function of time, were compared between normal and infarcted mice. Incremental results clearly depicted cardiac events including LV contraction, LV relaxation and isovolumetric phases in both normal and infarcted mice, and also evidently indicated reduced motion and deformation in the infarcted myocardium. The elastograms indicated that the infarcted regions underwent thinning during systole rather than thickening, as in the normal case. The cumulative elastograms were found to have higher elastographic SNR (SNR(e)) than the incremental elastograms (e.g., 10.6 vs. 4.7 in a normal myocardium, and 6.0 vs. 2.4 in an infarcted myocardium). Finally, preliminary statistical results from nine normal (m = 9) and seven infarcted (n = 7) mice indicated the capability of the cumulative strain in differentiating infracted from normal myocardia. In conclusion, myocardial elastography could provide regional strain information at simultaneously high temporal (>/=0.125 ms) and spatial ( approximately 55 microm) resolution as well as high precision ( approximately 0.05 microm displacement). This technique was thus capable of accurately characterizing normal myocardial function throughout an entire cardiac cycle, at the same high resolution, and detecting and localizing myocardial infarction in vivo.     

Clinical Pharmacokinetics of Morphine

Morphine, the most widely used mu-opioid analgesic for acute and chronic pain, is the standard against which new analgesics are measured. A thorough understanding of the pharmacokinetics of morphine is required in order to safely and effectively use this analgesic in a wide variety of patients with different levels of organ function. A MEDLINE search was conducted to identify literature published between 1966 and January 2002 relevant to the pharmacokinetics of morphine. These publications were reviewed and the literature summarized regarding unique and clinically important elements of morphine disposition relative to its parenteral administration (including intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous, epidural and intrathecal administration), absorption profile (immediate release, controlled release, and sublingual/buccal, and rectal administration), distribution, and its metabolism/ excretion. Special populations, including infants, elderly, and those with renal/liver failure, have a unique morphine pharmacokinetic profile that must be taken into account in order to maximize analgesic efficacy and reduce the risk of adverse events.     

手转胎头术失败的原因与分娩结局临床分析

目的 探讨手转胎头术失败的原因与分娩结局.方法 选择2008年1月至2010年12月于我院住院分娩的持续性枕横位、枕后位产妇198例,根据行手转胎头术后结果分为成功组126例、失败组72例.比较两组分娩结局,对比分析失败原因.结果 失败组胎儿体质量≥3500 g的发生率[76.4％(55/72)]明显高于成功组[31.7％(40/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=30.177,P=0.001)、失败组宫缩乏力发生率[58.3％(42/72)]高于成功组[38.1％ (48/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=7.569,P=0.006)、失败组骨盆临界或轻度狭窄发生率[38.9％ (28/72)]高于成功组[23.8％(30/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2 =5.030,P=0.002)、失败组手转胎头时机不当(宫口开大＜6 cm、胎头位于坐骨棘上及宫口开大8～10 cm、胎头位于坐骨棘下≥2 cm)发生率[61.1％(44/72)]高于成功组[38.9％(49/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=9.084,P=0.003).失败组母儿并发症(产后出血、产褥病率、胎儿窘迫、新生儿窒息)发生率高于成功组(x2 =9.586,P=0.002、x2=9.334,P=0.002、x2=5.910,P=0.015、x2=5.240,P=0.022)、失败组剖宫产发生率[72.2％(52/72)]明显高于成功组[34.1 ％(43/126),x2=26.641,P=0.001)].结论 手转胎头术能使难产变顺产,降低剖宫产率,减少母儿并发症,但须积极预防、处理导致手转胎头术失败的原因,对矫正失败后继续矫正及试产应慎重.     

Evidence-Based Pain Management and Palliative Care in Issue Four for 2009 of The Cochrane Library

ABSTRACT

The Cochrane Library of Systematic Reviews is published quarterly. Issue 4 for 2009 contains 4027 complete reviews, 1906 protocols for reviews in production, and 11447 one-page summaries of systematic reviews published in the general medical literature. In addition, there are citations of 600,000 randomized controlled trials, and 12,200 cited papers in the Cochrane methodology register. The health technology assessment database contains over 7500 citations. This edition of the Library contains 90 new reviews, of which 19 have potential relevance for practitioners in pain and palliative medicine.