远视性单眼弱视患者黄斑区视网膜厚度的研究

目的通过检测远视性单眼弱视者弱视眼黄斑区视网膜厚度（MRT）,研究弱视眼视网膜神经上皮层厚度的特征。方法远视性单眼弱视患者42例,正常组单眼远视但无弱视者20例。采用光学相干断层扫描仪（OCT）测量弱视眼和正常眼的MRT。结果弱视眼黄斑中心凹厚度比正常眼厚（P=0．005）,对于黄斑部位的分区测量,黄斑中心区厚度弱视眼比正常眼厚（P=0．010）,而黄斑周围外环及内环各象限弱视眼和正常眼相比差异均无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。不同程度弱视患者问黄斑中心凹及黄斑各分区的视网膜厚度差异均无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论远视性单眼弱视眼黄斑中心区视网膜厚度增厚,不同程度弱视眼间的视网膜厚度差异无统计学意义。     

远视性弱视儿童黄斑区视网膜厚度分析

目的通过测量远视性弱视眼的黄斑区视网膜厚度、眼轴长度、屈光度以及最佳矫正视力（BCVA）,并与正常对照眼进行比较,探讨弱视发病的视网膜形态学改变以及可能的外周机制。方法回顾性病例对照研究。选择2013年1月至2015年6月在河北医科大学第一医院眼科门诊就诊的远视性弱视儿童48例（91眼）作为弱视眼组,其中单纯远视性弱视13眼,远视散光性弱视28眼,复性远视散光性弱视50眼。选择同期在眼科门诊健康查体,裸眼视力是该年龄正常值或以上的儿童48例（96眼）作为正常对照组。采用频域OCT检测2组儿童黄斑区视网膜厚度,按照ETDRS分区记录（A1-A9,共9个分区）;并利用IOLMaster测量所有儿童的眼轴长度。采用独立样本t检验对2组儿童黄斑区视网膜厚度进行比较,采用Pearson相关分析对不同区域黄斑区视网膜厚度与眼轴长度、BCVA、屈光度的相关性进行分析。结果在各区中远视性弱视眼组与正常对照组A1区均为最薄,分别为（262±19）µm、（250±20）µm,2组间差异有统计学意义（t=2.93,P<0.05）;2组内环区平均厚度（A2-A5）最厚,分别为（301±21）µm、（305±22）µm,差异无统计学意义（t=0.36,P>0.05）;2组外环区（A6-A9）的平均厚度分别为（272±25）µm、（269±17）µm,差异无统计学意义（t=0.21,P>0.05）。弱视眼组内环下方的黄斑区视网膜厚度与BCVA呈正相关（r=0.29,P＜0.05）;外环鼻侧的黄斑区视网膜厚度与等效球镜度呈正相关（r=0.40,P＜0.01）,与眼轴长度存在负相关（r=-0.40,P＜0.01）。结论远视性弱视儿童黄斑部分区域视网膜厚度发生变化,该变化可能与弱视的发生机制有关;且黄斑区视网膜厚度与矫正视力、屈光度、眼轴长度有关。     

弱视眼黄斑区视网膜厚度的光学相干断层扫描

目的: 通过检测远视性屈光不正性弱视患者弱视眼黄斑区视网膜厚度,探索弱视患者黄斑区视网膜发育状况。方法: 应用光学相干断层扫描系统(OCT)检测弱视组17例20眼及正常对照组14例20眼黄斑中心区及黄斑周围区视网膜厚度。用SPSS13.0统计软件分析两组视网膜平均厚度的差异。结果: 黄斑中心区厚度弱视组比正常对照组厚,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。黄斑周围区内环弱视组鼻侧视网膜厚度与正常对照组鼻侧比较差异有显著性(P<0.05),弱视组颞侧及上、下方视网膜厚度分别与正常对照组比较差异均无显著性(P>0.05)。而黄斑周围外环各区视网膜厚度弱视组和正常对照组相比差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论: 远视性屈光不正性弱视眼黄斑中心区视网膜厚度增加,OCT技术为非侵入性、结果可靠、安全。能否用于客观评估弱视预后及检测弱视治疗效果有待进一步研究。     

远视性弱视儿童视网膜神经纤维层厚度分析

目的研究远视性弱视儿童视盘周围视网膜神经纤维层（RNFL）厚度和黄斑中心凹厚度的变化,并与单眼弱视儿童对侧正常眼的检查结果进行比较。方法对32例（41只眼）远视性弱视儿童和18例（18只眼）单眼弱视儿童对侧正常眼进行光学相干断层扫描（OCT）检查,记录视盘周围RNFL的平均厚度和黄斑中心凹的视网膜厚度。结果远视性弱视组和对照组视盘周围RNFL的平均厚度分别为118.77±11.43μm和109.12±11.09μm,两者相比,差异有统计学意义;远视性弱视组和对照组黄斑中心凹处视网膜厚度分别为155.98±29.30μm和147.28±13.11μm,两组之间无明显差异（P=0.121）。将弱视分组发现,轻度弱视组和中度弱视组的视盘周围RNFL的平均厚度分别为118.42±10.95μm和119.12±12.19μm,,黄斑中心凹处视网膜厚度分别为154.29±34.23μm和157.75±23.81μm。两者分别与对照组比较,视盘周围RNFL厚度差异有统计学意义;黄斑中心凹视网膜厚度差异无统计学意义（P=0.777,0.629）。结论远视性弱视儿童视盘周围RNFL变厚,而黄斑视网膜厚度无明显变化。     

屈光参差性弱视儿童视网膜光学相干断层成像研究

目的：应用视网膜光学相干断层成像方法（OCT）研究屈光参差性弱视儿童视网膜神经纤维层（RNFL）和黄斑中心凹厚度,探讨弱视的发病机制。方法对屈光参差性单眼弱视儿童38例进行OCT检查,据弱视眼屈光状态分为远视散光弱视组18例,单纯远视弱视组20例,对侧健眼为正常对照组。分析比较三组视盘周围RNFL厚度和黄斑中心凹厚度的差异。结果远视散光弱视组、单纯远视弱视组和正常对照组视盘周围RNFL厚度分别为115.77±13.42μm、111.34±10.30μm 和103.05±11.10μm,黄斑中心凹厚度分别为198.86±28.30μm、191.98±27.81μm,181.18±29.06μm。两弱视组分别与正常对照组、两弱视组组间比较视盘周围RNFL厚度及黄斑中心凹厚度,差异均有统计学意义,P＜0.05。结论屈光参差性弱视其弱视眼视盘周围RNFL厚度及黄斑中心凹厚度较对侧正常眼增厚,且远视散光弱视眼厚于单纯远视弱视眼。     

不同注视性质的远视性弱视儿童黄斑区视网膜厚度分析

目的:通过对4~8岁远视性屈光不正性弱视患儿注视性质、黄斑各分区视网膜厚度的测量、眼轴长度的检查,探讨远视性弱视儿童注视性质与其黄斑各分区视网膜厚度间的相关性;并进行远视性弱视儿童视网膜厚度及其相关因素的研究。方法:前瞻性非随机同期对照研究试验。将2018-09/12首次就诊且之前未进行过任何弱视训练的患儿共计44例57眼纳入该研究。选取屈光不正性远视性弱视儿童36眼作为远视性弱视组,视力正常儿童21眼作为正常对照组,两组均利用光学相干断层扫描技术(OCT)进行黄斑各分区视网膜厚度测量;同时将入组患儿在直接眼底镜检查下分为黄斑中心注视组32眼,旁中心注视组25眼,进行黄斑各分区视网膜厚度测量;用SPSS19.0统计软件分别分析两组间视网膜厚度及差异。结果:黄斑中心注视组在黄斑中心凹、黄斑内环鼻侧处视网膜厚度均小于旁中心注视组(P<0.05);而两组间余黄斑各分区视网膜厚度对比均无差异(P>0.05)。远视性弱视组的黄斑中心凹、黄斑内环鼻侧、黄斑内环下方及黄斑外环上方处视网膜厚度均大于正常对照组(P<0.05);而两组黄斑区内环颞侧、上方、外环鼻侧、外环颞侧、外环下方处视网膜厚度比较均无差异(P>0.05)。远视性弱视组眼轴长度较正常对照组短(P<0.05)。结论:黄斑中心注视儿童在黄斑区中心凹、内环鼻侧处视网膜厚度增加;远视性弱视儿童在黄斑区中心凹、内环鼻侧、内环下方、外环上方处视网膜厚度增加;远视性弱视儿童眼轴长度变短。     

单眼弱视患者黄斑光学相干断层成像检查

目的探索弱视黄斑部视网膜发育状况。方法使用光学相干断层成像技术(OCT)观察一组39例单眼弱视患者眼底黄斑区的组织形态,测定中心小凹及黄斑区周围3mm直径范围视网膜神经上皮层平均厚度,并进行相关分析。结果中心凹视网膜神经上皮厚度正常眼与弱视眼比较差异有非常显著性,弱视眼黄斑区上方、鼻侧、下方视网膜神经上皮层明显增厚,与颞侧比较差异有显著性。2例弱视患者弱视眼黄斑中心凹未形成,其中1例治疗效果不佳。结论OCT检查可以从组织形态上观察黄斑发育情况。     

单眼弱视患儿黄斑区微血管结构和血流密度改变及视觉质量分析

目的　观察黄斑区视网膜微血管结构、血流密度、视觉质量及黄斑区视网膜厚度在单眼弱视儿童中的特点,并评价其在单眼弱视儿童中的作用。方法　选取2019年10月至2021年3月于西南医科大学附属医院眼科就诊的单眼弱视患儿81例。使用光学相关断层扫描（OCT）测量黄斑区视网膜厚度;通过光学相干断层扫描血管造影术（OCTA）测量黄斑区视网膜浅层毛细管丛的微血管结构和血流密度;使用双通道视觉质量分析系统（OQASⅡ）对患者视觉质量进行客观评估。结果　在81例单眼弱视儿童中,屈光参差性弱视47例,斜视性弱视34例。弱视眼黄斑区视网膜在外环上、外环下和外环平均值均较对侧眼厚,差异均有统计学意义（均为P<0.05）;在3 mm×3 mm范围黄斑扫描中,弱视眼的血管线性密度（VD）_{1 mm ×1 mm}、VD_{1 mm ×3 mm}、VD_{3 mm ×3 mm}均小于对侧眼（P<0.05）,其中屈光参差性弱视眼的VD_{1 mm ×1 mm}小于斜视性弱视眼（均为P<0.05）,差异均有统计学意义;弱视眼的血流灌注密度（PD）_{1 mm ×1 mm}、PD_{1 mm ×3 mm}、PD_{3 mm ×3 mm}均小于对侧眼（均为P<0.05）,差异均有统计学意义,其中屈光参差性弱视眼的PD_{1 mm ×1 mm}小于斜视性弱视眼,差异均有统计学意义（均为P<0.05）;在6 mm×6 mm范围黄斑扫描中,弱视眼的VD_{1 mm ×1 mm}、VD_{1 mm ×3 mm}均小于对侧眼（均为P<0.05）,差异均有统计学意义,其中屈光参差性弱视眼的VD_{1 mm ×1 mm}小于斜视性弱视眼,差异均有统计学意义（均为P<0.05）;弱视眼的PD_{1 mm ×1 mm}、PD_{1 mm ×3 mm}均小于对侧眼（均为P<0.05）,差异均有统计学意义,其中屈光参差性弱视眼的PD_{1 mm ×1 mm}小于斜视性弱视眼,差异均有统计学意义（均为P<0.05）;弱视眼的截止空间频率(MTF cutoff)、斯特列尔比值(SR)及对比度为100%、20%、9%时的OV值(OV100%、OV20%和 OV9%)低于对侧眼,弱视眼的客观散射指数(OSI)高于对侧眼,其中屈光参差性弱视眼的MTF cutoff、OV100%低于斜视性弱视眼,OSI高于斜视性弱视眼,差异均具有统计学意义（均为P<0.05）。结论　黄斑区OCT和OCTA对评估单眼弱视患儿视网膜的结构和血流变化有一定意义,其中屈光参差性弱视较斜视性弱视变化更大;弱视眼的视觉质量较正常对侧眼降低,屈光参差性弱视较斜视性弱视的视觉质量稍差,OQASⅡ能客观全面获取单眼弱视儿童视网膜成像质量的信息。     

单眼屈光参差性弱视黄斑区及视盘周围神经纤维层厚度的Meta分析

目的：评估应用光学相干断层成像术(OCT)评价单眼屈光参差性弱视青少年儿童双眼黄斑区及视盘周围神经纤维层厚度(RNFL)的差异,为探讨弱视的发病机制及指导弱视的诊疗提供依据。

方法：检索维普、万方、PubMed、EMBASE等中英文数据库,对1995-01-01/2019-12-08采用OCT检查单眼屈光参差性弱视青少年儿童患者双眼黄斑区及RNFL的相关临床研究进行筛选、评估和数据提取,将单眼屈光参差性弱视患者双眼黄斑中心小凹、黄斑中心凹1mm直径中央区、1～3mm内环区、3～6mm外环区及RNFL厚度纳入研究,采用RevMan 5.3软件进行Meta分析。

结果：采用时域OCT(TD-OCT)的研究结果显示,弱视眼黄斑中心小凹、黄斑中心凹1mm直径中央区厚度均大于对侧非弱视眼(P<0.05),弱视眼RNFL平均厚度大于对侧非弱视眼(P>0.05)。采用频域OCT(SD-OCT)的研究结果显示,弱视眼黄斑中心小凹及各分区厚度均大于对侧非弱视眼,除黄斑中心凹1mm直径中央区、3～6mm的外环区下方外,余比较均有差异(P<0.05); 弱视眼RNFL平均厚度及鼻侧各分区厚度均大于对侧非弱视眼(P<0.05)。

结论：单眼屈光参差性弱视患者弱视眼黄斑区及RNFL厚度高于对侧非弱视眼,且弱视主要引起黄斑中心凹1mm直径区域内厚度增厚。     

病理性近视黄斑区的光学相干断层扫描图像分析

目的 研究分析病理性近视患者黄斑区的光学相干断层扫描(OCT)的图像特征.方法 对122例(238只眼)病理性近视患者行黄斑区OCT检查.患者屈光度数为-6.00～-32.00 D.结果 OCT检查黄斑区正常者11只眼(4.6％),黄斑区神经上皮层、视网膜色素上皮层和脉络膜毛细血管层光带反射不均匀及萎缩变薄者211只眼(88.7％);黄斑裂孔31只眼(13.0％),其中合并视网膜脱离者12只眼;无裂孔视网膜浅脱离11只眼(4.6％);黄斑部视网膜劈裂32只眼(13.4％),黄斑脉络膜新生血管28只眼(11.8％),黄斑前膜26只眼(10.9％),其中合并黄斑囊样水肿19只眼;Fuchs斑12只眼(5.0％),黄斑区色素沉着14只眼(5.9％),黄斑出血8只眼(3.4％).结论 OCT在观察病理性近视黄斑部病变具有独特的优越性,但也有一定的局限性.     

OCT对远视重度弱视患儿黄斑注视性质的观察

目的:通过OCT方法检查弱视患者的注视性质,思考和审视偏心注视的机制,指导弱视治疗.方法:对一组3~12岁儿童远视屈光性重度弱视患儿31例40眼治疗前后做黄斑光学相干断层扫描(OCT)检查,观察其注视性质的变化.结果:在31例40眼中,中心注视眼占63%,偏心注视眼占38%.单眼患者中心注视与偏心注视各占50%,双眼患者78%为中心注视,22%为偏心注视.治疗后15只偏心注视眼,分别在0.2~0.5视力之间全部转成中心注视,时间为1mo~2a.合并外斜和调节性内斜没有影响偏心注视转中心注视,且无论中心注视及偏心注视,其视力恢复对比观察,无明显差异.结论:采用OC T检查弱视眼注视性质客观、简便.在治疗过程中随着视力的提高,偏心注视转化为中心注视说明中心凹锥细胞功能被唤醒并且功能逐渐增强.     

白内障超声乳化吸除术前后黄斑区厚度变化的OCT观察

目的：：观察白内障超声乳化联合人工晶状体植入术对白内障患者黄斑中心凹视网膜厚度变化的影响。方法：将60例白内障患者的手术眼作为手术组,对侧眼作为对照组,两组术前、术中无并发症,术前和术后1 wk;1,3,6 mo黄斑区行OCT测量,观察两组术后黄斑中心凹视网膜厚度变化。结果：手术组：术后1 wk和1,3 mo黄斑中心凹视网膜厚度与术前相比,均有统计学差异(P<0.05),术后6mo黄斑中心凹视网膜厚度与术前相比,无统计学差异(P>0.05),术后1 mo黄斑中心凹视网膜厚度明显高于其他组(P<0.05)。其中12眼术后出现黄斑水肿,均发生于术后2~4wk,包括10眼中心凹增厚及2眼黄斑囊样水肿,其中11眼于6 mo内自愈。对照组：术前黄斑中心凹视网膜厚度与术后1 wk;1,3,6 mo相比,均无统计学差异(P>0.05)。手术组与对照组：两组术前、术后6mo黄斑中心凹视网膜厚度对比,均无统计学差异(P>0.05),两组术后1 wk和1,3 mo黄斑中心凹视网膜厚度对比,均有统计学差异(P<0.05)。结论：白内障超声乳化联合人工晶状体植入术后黄斑中心凹视网膜厚度显著增加,少数患者会出现黄斑水肿,但绝大多数患者可自愈,预后良好。     

Macular findings on optical coherence tomography in cat-scratch disease neuroretinitis

Purpose

To describe the macular findings on optical coherence tomography (OCT) in patients with cat-scratch disease (CSD) neuroretinitis.

Methods

Medical records of all patients diagnosed with CSD neuroretinitis at the Tel Aviv Medical Center between April 2006 and May 2010 were retrospectively reviewed. All patients underwent Stratus OCT macular examination.

Results

Eight eyes of seven patients with confirmed CSD neuroretinitis, (mean age 33±9.9 years, range 6–48 years) were included in the study. All patients presented clinically with optic nerve swelling and macular edema or macular exudates. OCT demonstrated flattening of the foveal contour, thickening of the neurosensory retina, and accumulation of subretinal fluid (SRF) in all studied eyes. Retinal exudates appeared as multiple hyper-reflective foci in the outer plexiform layer. The average central macular thickness was 460 μm (range 170–906 μm) and the average maximal retinal thickness was 613 μm (range 387–1103 μm), at presentation. The macula appeared normal on repeated exams during follow-up.

Conclusion

Similar OCT findings were demonstrated in patients with CSD neuroretinitis. SRF was found in all eyes, although was not visible on clinical examination or fluorescein angiography. OCT may be used as an adjunct imaging tool in the diagnosis and follow-up of patients with CSD neuroretinitis.     

Macular edema after cataract surgery in diabetic eyes evaluated by optical coherence tomography

AIM: To assess quantitative changes of the macula in diabetic eyes after cataract surgery using optical coherence tomography (OCT) and to estimate the incidence of development or worsening of macular edema (ME) in diabetic eyes with or without pre-existing ME. METHODS: In this prospective, observational study, 92 eyes of 60 diabetic patients who underwent cataract surgery were evaluated before surgery and 1, 3mo after surgery using OCT. Macular thickness was measured with OCT at nine macular subfields defined by the 9 zones early treatment of diabetic retinopathy study (ETDRS), as well as total macular volume obtained by OCT at 1, 3mo after surgery were compared with baseline features obtained before surgery. In addition, the incidence of development or worsening of ME was analyzed in diabetic eyes with or without pre-existing ME. RESULTS: The central subfield mean thickness increased 21.0 μm and 25.5 μm at 1, 3mo follow-up, respectively (P<0.01). The average thickness of inner ring and outer ring increased 14.2 μm and 9.5 μm at 1mo, 18.2 μm and 12.9 μm at 3mo. Central-involved ME developed in 12 eyes at 3mo, including 4 eyes with pre-existing central-involved and 8 eyes with pre-existing non-central involved ME. Pre-existing diabetic macular edema (DME) was significantly associated with central-involved ME development (P<0.001). CONCLUSION: A statistically significant increase could be detected in the central subfield as well as perifoveal and parafoveal sectors though the increase was mild. And eyes with pre-operative DME prior to cataract surgery are at higher risk for developing central-involved ME.     

频域OCT测量正常学龄期儿童黄斑区视网膜厚度

目的　应用频域ＯＣＴ测量正常学龄期儿童的黄斑区视网膜厚度。方法　选取６～１２岁儿童１０８人,以最佳矫正远视力≥１．０、最佳矫正近视力Ｊｒ１、球镜屈光度范围（－１．００～＋１．００Ｄ）、柱镜屈光度范围（－１．００～＋１．００Ｄ）为纳入标准,最终选取２１３眼。应用ＣｉｒｒｕｓＨＤ-ＯＣＴ的２００×２００扫描模式和５１２×２１８扫描模式对受试者双眼黄斑区视网膜进行检查,测量黄斑中心视网膜厚度（ｃｅｎｔｒａｌｓｕｂｆｉｅｌｄｔｈｉｃｋｎｅｓｓ,ＣＳＴ）、黄斑区视网膜容积（ｍａｃｕｌａｒｖｏｌｕｍｅ,ＭＶ）、黄斑区平均视网膜厚度（ａｖｅｒａｇｅｍａｃｕｌａｒｔｈｉｃｋｎｅｓｓ,ＡＭＴ）及九分区模式视网膜厚度。结果　两种扫描模式下黄斑区视网膜厚度值差异均无统计学意义（均为Ｐ＞０．０５）。左右眼差异无统计学意义（均为Ｐ＞０．０５）。男童ＣＳＴ（２４０．６８±１６．５７）μｍ厚于女童（２３４．５１±１８．６５）μｍ（Ｐ＝０．０４０）,且男童内环各分区视网膜厚度均厚于女童（均为Ｐ＜０．０５）。结论　本研究应用ＨＤ-ＯＣＴ测量正常儿童ＡＭＴ,为确定国人学龄期儿童ＡＭＴ正常值及疾病诊断提供参考,提示临床注意性别差异。     

OCT对难治性弱视眼黄斑及视盘视网膜厚度分区测定的分析

目的：运用光学相干断层成像技术(optical coherence tomography, OCT)对儿童难治性弱视眼的视网膜神经纤维层(RNFL)及黄斑区视网膜神经上皮层的厚度进行测量,以了解难治性弱视视网膜形态学及其变化的规律,从而推断难治性弱视患儿外周发病机制。

方法：选择难治性弱视眼(A组)、非难治性弱视眼(B组)以及正常儿童眼(C组)各30眼,分别测量黄斑中心凹、中心区(直径范围≤1mm)及旁中心区(1mm<直径范围≤3mm环形区域)鼻、下、颞、上方的视网膜平均厚度值; 同时以视盘为中心,对直径在3.4mm内的RNFL进行环形断层扫描,测量鼻、下、颞、上方的RNFL平均厚度值,比较不同组不同区域视网膜厚度之间的差别。

结果：三组均发现：旁中心凹上方的视网膜神经上皮层最厚,下方与鼻侧次之,而颞侧最薄; 黄斑中心凹以及黄斑中心区(1mm)处视网膜厚度比较发现：A组比B组厚、A组比C组厚,以及B组比C组厚,差异均有统计学意义(P均<0.05); 黄斑旁中心区鼻、上、颞、下方各象限平均视网膜厚度比较发现：A组与B组、A组与C组,以及B组与C组比较,差异均无统计学意义(P均>0.05)。C组上方的RNFL最厚,其次为下方,再者为颞侧,鼻侧为最薄,但A组以及B组的上方和下方的RNFL厚度相差不大,而鼻侧和颞侧的RNFL厚度也相差不大但均要薄于上方和下方。而A组鼻侧和下方的RNFL比C组显著增厚,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),颞侧和上方的RNFL厚度与C组相比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),且虽然其平均RNFL厚度比C组厚,但差异亦无统计学意义(P>0.05); 而A组和B组的上、下、鼻、颞侧以及平均厚度均相似,差异亦无统计学意义(P>0.05)。

结论：黄斑中心凹以及中心区的发育异常,可能是难治性弱视的发病原因之一,而黄斑旁中心凹及以外的视网膜以及视盘周围RNFL并未受累,这说明这些区域可能没有参与弱视的发生。     

Characteristics of the macula in amblyopic eyes by optical coherence tomography

AIM: To test the hypothesis that amblyopic neuroretina may have an altered thickness when compared to the normal. METHODS: Twenty-five amblyopic, young patients between the ages of 7 and 11 years old were studied. The interested neuroretina areas are defined into 10 sub-regions according to superior-inferior, nasal-temoral, and peri-para axis, which cross the fovela structure. The thicknesses of ten, defined macular regions were separately measured by optical coherence tomography (OCT) and analyzed by t-test. RESULTS: The average thickness of neuroretina in the exact foveola of the amblyopic eyes is larger than that of normal eyes (P<0.05), but the other nine regions have no significant difference. Interestingly, in both the normal and amblyopic eyes, the temporal area looks thinner than other quadrants (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Thickness alteration may be associated with amblyopic disorders in young patients. Studying a larger volume of subjects of similar age is required to confirm this observation.     

Macular changes of neuromyelitis optica through spectral-domain optical coherence tomography

AIM: To evaluate the thickness of the retinal layers in the macula using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) in patients with neuromyelitis optica (NMO). METHODS: Spectralis SD-OCT, utilizing automated macular layer segmentation, was performed in 26 NMO patients and 26 healthy controls. Visual function including visual field tests and pattern visual evoked potential were recorded in study subjects. RESULTS: Forty-one eyes from 26 NMO patients and 52 eyes from 26 age- and sex-matched healthy controls were included. Besides total macular volume, peri-paipillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness, the thickness of macular RNFL, ganglion cell layer (GCL) and inner plexiform layer (IPL) were also significantly reduced in NMO patients compared to those inhealthy controls (P<0.000). No differences were found in the thickness of macular inner nuclear layer (INL), outer plexiform layer (OPL), and outer nuclear layer (ONL) between the two groups. Reversely, the outer retinal layer (ORL) was shown to be thicker in NMO than controls (P<0.05). Compared with the peri-papillary RNFL thickness, the GCL thickness was demonstrated to correlate with visual function better. CONCLUSION: The study provides in vivo evidence of retinal neural loss in NMO patients and demonstrates a better structure-function correlation between retinal ganglion cell and visual function than peri-papillary RNFL does. In addition, no evidence of primary neural damage is found. Besides, the photoreceptor cells and retinal pigments epithelial (RPE) cells presumably proliferated in compensation in NMO after retinal neural loss.     

A study of macular hole formation by serial spectral optical coherence tomography

Background:  The purpose of this paper is to evaluate changes of the vitreoretinal interface in fellow eyes of eyes with a macular hole and to study early stages of macular hole formation by spectral optical coherence tomography (SOCT).
Methods:  A prospective study of 131 consecutive patients with history of macular hole. Serial SOCT examinations were performed on the fellow eyes four times during a 6-month observation period. Progression of foveal changes and formation of macular hole in the fellow eyes were studied.
Results:  Seven distinct abnormalities in the foveal region were noted in 70 of the fellow eyes (53.4%). Additionally in 18 patients (13.6%) other defects typical for the older population were noted. Gradual evolution to full-thickness macular holes during the 6-month observation period was noted in five eyes. One of these eyes had a previously detected cyst, and four eyes had elevation of the photoreceptor layer.
Conclusions:  The high prevalence of macular abnormalities in the fellow eyes particularly epiretinal membranes and vitreous traction with schizis as well as the evolution of these abnormalities over time suggest that diseases of the vitreomacular interface may have similar pathogenesis. Macular hole formation often starts as a triangular elevation of the photoreceptor layer. In some cases, a cyst in the inner retinal layers can be an early step in macular hole formation.