Helveston综合征手术治疗的临床分析

目的：探讨Helveston综合征的一次性手术治疗方法。

方法：回顾分析我院眼科收治的7例14 眼Helveston 综合征患者,根据患者上斜肌亢进的程度和斜视程度,实施一次性手术治疗Helveston综合征。

结果：患者7例14眼均行双眼上斜肌鞘内断腱术。其中3例6眼联合双眼外直肌后徙并一眼内直肌缩短术; 4例4眼联合单眼外直肌后徙并内直肌缩短术。术后随访观察6mo,7例14眼术后眼位均正位,外斜A征消失,分离性垂直偏斜消失。儿童患者3例恢复双眼视功能和立体视觉。

结论：Helveston综合征可以实施一次性手术治疗,且尽早手术治疗可帮助双眼视功能的恢复。     

分次手术治疗Helveston综合征

目的探讨Helveston综合征的手术治疗方法。方法手术设计为分次进行,首先行水平肌手术联合双眼上斜肌鞘内断腱术矫正外斜A征,再择期行上直肌减弱术矫正分离性垂直偏斜(DVD)。结果对3例患儿均按设计首先行双眼上斜肌鞘内断腱和水平肌手术矫正外斜A征,术后随访1～2年,A征均消失,眼位正位,其中1例DVD减轻,2例DVD消失,均未再行二次手术。结论Helveston综合征的手术可分次进行,首先矫正外斜A征、术后观察DVD的变化情况再决定是否需要手术矫正。     

Helveston综合征的手术治疗

目的探讨Helveston综合征的手术治疗方法。方法回顾28例施行手术治疗的Helveston综合征病例,分析手术后眼位、A征、DVD、上斜肌功能和双眼单视功能。结果 28例中,手术后正位26例（92.9%）。A征消失25例（89.3%）,术后A征由术前的22.14△±12.94△减少为6.11△±7.50△;术后原在位垂直斜视度由术前的8.14°±4.10°减少为3.14°±1.78°,上斜肌功能眼位的垂直斜视度由术前的15.39°±5.37°减少为4.00°±3.40°;手术前后的A征和垂直斜视度有显著差异,P〈0.05。术后7例恢复双眼视觉,其中2例恢复立体视功能。结论 Helveston综合征的手术治疗包括解决外斜A征、上斜肌亢进和DVD,对于A征和上斜肌亢进有效的方法是上斜肌减弱术,其中上斜肌延长术适用于A征≤25△和上斜肌亢进较轻的患者;对于DVD有效的方法是上直肌大量后徙术。     

67例V型斜视的手术探讨

目的 探讨V型斜视的临床特征及不同手术方法及效果.方法 回顾性分析了67例V型斜视的手术治疗.其中外斜V征46例,内斜V征21例,依据是否伴有下斜肌功能亢进及亢进程度,行下斜肌减弱术或水平直肌垂直移位术,所有患者按原在位水平偏斜度常规矫正水平斜视.观察手术前后的眼位、斜肌功能和双眼视觉.结果 67例手术中,49例行下斜肌后徙术或后徙转位术,术后43例上、中、下均正位,V征消失;术前无下斜肌功能亢进或下斜肌功能亢进"+"者13例,行水平直肌垂直移位术后11例正位,V征消失.67例患者术后19例恢复双眼视.结论 下斜肌后徙,后徙转位术适用于下斜肌功能亢进(++)-(+++)的V征,水平直肌垂直移位术适用于无下斜肌功能亢进或下斜肌功能亢进+的V征,应根据下斜肌功能亢进程度选择手术方式.     

伴下斜肌亢进的分离性垂直偏斜的手术治疗

目的探讨伴下斜肌亢进的分离性垂直偏斜（DVD）的手术方式及效果分析。方法回顾性分析28例合并下斜肌亢进DVD手术方式,原在位垂直斜度较小选择单纯下斜肌转位术;大度数垂直斜视行下斜肌后徙联合同侧上直肌后徙术。三棱镜加遮盖法检查垂直斜度,反复检查3次,取平均值;下斜肌亢进分＋1～＋4;术后随访1个月至3年。结果术前下斜肌亢进28例（41只眼）,其中双眼13例;亢进＋1,4只眼;＋2,20只眼;＋3,16只眼;＋4,1只眼。下斜肌亢进均得到矫正。单纯下斜肌转位22例（30只眼）,单眼14例,双眼8例。近期满意率85．71％。远期满意率71．42％。下斜肌后徙＋同侧上直肌后徙术6例（15只眼）,双眼5例,单眼1例;双眼5例中4例满意,1例好转,其中2例术后出现轻度上转受限;单眼1例,效果满意,但术眼出现轻度上转受限,睑裂变小。结论伴有下斜肌亢进DVD垂直斜度较小时下斜肌转位术效果良好;垂直斜度较大需行下斜肌减弱＋同侧上直肌后徙术,上转肌同时减弱术,双眼手术比单眼安全。     

分离性垂直斜视手术探讨

目的探讨分离性垂直斜视(Dissociated vertical deviation,DVD)的有效手术方法。方法对40例58眼DVD根据双眼视力状况,双眼上斜程度及合并其他类型斜视进行综合分析,设计手术。双眼DVD不伴有下斜肌功能亢进者,若双眼视力良好,且上斜程度相等者做双眼上直肌等量后徙术;双眼上斜程度不等者做双眼上直肌不等量后徙或先做上斜明显眼手术。若单眼弱视明显先做弱视眼手术。单眼DVD,仅做单眼手术。伴有下斜肌功能亢进者做下斜肌缩短4-5mm后徙转位术。DVD合并水平斜视者,尽可能一期完成。否则,先矫正水平斜视,6个月后行DVD矫正术。上直肌后徙按1mm矫正3Δ计算,最大后徙量为8mm。结果40例58眼DVD,50眼满意(85．21％), 8眼好转(13．79％)。结论对不伴有下斜肌功能亢进的DVD行上直肌超常量后徙术疗效满意;伴有下斜肌功能亢进的DVD行下斜肌缩短4-5mm后徙转位术疗效满意。     

分离性垂直斜视手术

目的 探讨分离性垂直斜视(DVD)的最有效的手术方法.方法 对36例(56眼)DVD根据不同情况设计手术.双眼DVD不伴有下斜肌功能亢进者,且上斜程度相等者行双眼上直肌等量后徙术;双眼上斜程度不等者行双眼上直肌不等量后徙,或先行上斜明显眼手术,改期行另眼手术;伴有下斜肌功能亢进者行下斜肌断腱并转位术合并上直肌后徙术;单眼DVD仅行单眼手术;单眼弱视明显先行弱视眼手术.合并水平斜视者尽可能同时完成,否则先矫正水平斜视,6个月后矫正DVD.结果 47眼疗效良好(83.92%),8眼好转(14.28%),1眼无效(1.78%).结论 对不同类型的DVD采用不同的手术方法均收到比较好的疗效.     

非对称性分离性垂直斜视的手术治疗探讨

目的 探讨非对称性分离性垂直偏斜(DVD)的手术治疗效果.方法 对15例因非对称性分离性垂直斜视行手术治疗的患者进行回顾性总结分析,观察患者性别、年龄、斜视类型、临床表现、手术方式和效果,并随访3个月到2年.结果 单纯DVD患者6例,合并其他类型斜视患者9例;单眼受累5例,其中3例采用上直肌后徙,2例采用下斜肌部分切除加转位;双眼受累10例,6例采用不等量的上直肌后徙,后徙量为3.5～10 mm,4例采用下斜肌部分切除加前转位,根据垂直斜度及下斜肌亢进程度的不同,分别将下斜肌离断并切除一定量后转位于下直肌颞侧水平前1 mm至下直肌颞侧水平后1 mm不等.术后12例患者眼位正位,遮盖后无上斜视出现,外观满意,1例行单眼手术者对侧眼出现DVD,1只眼行下斜肌转位后患者出现上转受限.结论 非对称性分离性垂直斜视选择非对称性手术效果较好,对于无下斜肌亢进的患者首选上直肌不等量后徙,对于伴有下斜肌功能亢进的患者采用下斜肌部分切除加前转位.     

手术治疗外斜V征的效果观察

目的探讨外斜v征的手术方法及其效果。方法外斜V征43例中38例行下斜肌切断或部分切除联合常规水平肌手术,另5例行水平直肌垂直移位术。观察术前术后眼位、下斜肌功能和双眼视觉的状况。结果对大多数外斜V征的患者来说,下斜肌减弱术联合常规的水平肌手术矫正效果最好;对无明显下斜肌亢进者,水平直肌的垂直移位术可取得很好的疗效。本组43例外斜V征患者中37例术后眼位上、中、下均为正位,54眼下斜肌功能亢进消失,8眼仍有轻度下斜肌功能亢进,15例有一定程度的双眼视。结论根据外斜V征是否合并下斜肌亢进以及亢进的程度,决定行下斜肌减弱术或水平直肌垂直移位术,同时行常规水平肌手术矫正水平斜视。术后效果良好,患者双眼视觉功能可能有所恢复。     

分离性垂直偏斜18例报告

目的探讨分离性垂直偏斜（dissociatedverticaldeviation,DVD）的临床特点和治疗方法。方法回顾分析18例DVD病例。结果临床特点（1）交替遮盖被遮眼向上偏斜,与一般斜视的神经支配法则相矛盾;（2）常合并隐性眼震;（3）多合并水平斜视;（4）双眼视功能不佳;（5）常合并下转肌或上转肌亢进或麻痹;（6）合并Helveston综合征（Helveston综合征指DVD和A型外斜及上斜肌过强三者同时存在的综合征）;（7）视力往往良好,但也有合并视力减退。治疗方法首选上直肌后徙加后固定缝线。若合并下斜肌亢进,则作下斜肌转位术。18例病人出院时均为正位,随诊时间术后1个月～2年,18例病人中15例在第一眼位无明显上斜现象。仅在遮盖一眼时出现轻度上斜。一例术后一年第一眼位5°上斜,较术前斜度明显减少。结论当DVD病人上斜明显影响外观时应行手术治疗。     

手术治疗Helveston综合征2例(英文)

目的:通过对两例Helveston综合征的治疗体会来探讨其手术治疗方法。方法:采用双眼外直肌后退并垂直移位来矫正A外斜,同时采用双眼上直肌后退来矫正DVD。结果:随访6mo,两例患者的A外斜以及DVD均消失。结论:Helveston综合征患者,只要其斜视度数在允许范围内,在充分作好术前检查的情况下,是可以设计一次手术同时矫正水平和垂直斜视的。     

分离性垂直斜视手术治疗的临床观察

探讨分离性垂直斜视有效的手术治疗方法。 方法:回顾性分析38例61眼分离性垂直斜视患者行上直肌大量后徙,合并下斜肌亢进者同时行下斜肌后徙转位术的临床资料。观察术后效果。 结果:术后满意46眼,满意率75%,术后改善14眼,改善率23%,无效1眼。 结论:上直肌大量后徙术和下斜肌后徙转位术是治疗分离性垂直斜视的有效方法。合并有下斜肌亢进者,首选下斜肌后徙转位术,无下斜肌亢进者,首选上直肌后徙术。     

下斜肌前置移位治疗伴有下斜肌亢进的分离性垂直偏斜

目的:观察下斜肌前置移位治疗伴有下斜肌亢进的分离性垂直偏斜(dissociated vertical deviation,DVD)。方法:下斜肌前置移位于下直肌附着点颞侧前2mm或下直肌附着点颞侧成一直线处,同时矫正水平斜视。结果:患者8例11眼中,术前6眼DVD程度是1+,术后DVD消失;术前3眼DVD程度是2+,术后2眼垂直斜视消失,1眼DVD程度为1+;术前2眼DVD程度是3+,术后1眼DVD程度为1+,1眼为2+。所有患者下斜肌均不亢进。结论:下斜肌前置移位是治疗伴有下斜肌亢进的DVD的有效方式,无明显副作用。     

Superior Rectus Recessions for Dissociated Vertical Deviation

Thirty-two eyes of 31 patients received superior rectus recessions for the treatment of dissociated vertical deviation (DVD). All patients were followed for a postoperative period of at least six months, and 50% were followed for a period of three years or more. The differential diagnosis of DVD and inferior oblique overaction was important, and the distinguishing features of each are mentioned. A distinction was made between occlusion hyperphoria, a latent deviation in the preferred fixating eye, and DVD, a manifest deviation in the nonpreferred eye. In the vast majority of cases, a unilateral superior rectus recession of graduated amounts was performed in the eye with a cosmetically unacceptable DVD. The surgical “hang loose” technique permitted avoiding technically difficult situations. After operation 82% of the eyes were aligned, within the good to excellent categories (0–9 prism diopters).     

分离性垂直偏斜的手术治疗

目的探讨分离性垂直斜视的手术治疗。方法 22例患者（34只眼）,分别采用上直肌大量后徙术和下斜肌后徙转位术,对其疗效进行比较分析。结果 11例（16只眼）行上直肌后徙术,满意14只眼（满意率87.5%）,改善2只眼（改善率12.5%）,11例（18只眼）行下斜肌后徙转位术,满意13只眼（满意率72.2%）,改善5只眼（改善率27.8%）。结论上直肌大量后徙和下斜肌后徙转位均为治疗垂直分离性偏斜的有效手术,合并下斜肌亢进时,可首选下斜肌后徙转位术,无下斜肌亢进时,首选上直肌后徙术。     

Combined bilateral superior rectus muscle recession and inferior oblique muscle weakening for dissociated vertical deviation.

PURPOSE: Dissociated vertical deviation (DVD) is a common disorder that is often difficult to treat satisfactorily with extraocular muscle surgery. Weakening both elevators in a single eye is uncommonly performed because of possible severe upgaze deficiency or chin-up head posture postoperatively. METHODS: A retrospective review of medical records was performed that yielded 14 patients who had undergone bilateral superior rectus muscle recessions (mean 8.1 mm, range 5-10 mm) and bilateral inferior oblique muscle recession, myectomy, or anterior transposition in the treatment of DVD. Three additional patients with asymmetric inferior oblique muscle overaction or true hypertropia in primary gaze position were identified who had bilateral superior rectus muscle recessions combined with unilateral inferior oblique muscle weakening. RESULTS: Mild-to-moderate elevation deficiencies were common postoperatively but never exceeded -2 up-gaze limitation (scale 0 to -4) except in the immediate postoperative period and were not associated with persistent chin-up head posturing. Cosmetically objectionable upper eyelid retraction occurred in one patient after re-recession of a superior rectus muscle but before inferior oblique muscle surgery. Only three patients undergoing four vertical muscle surgeries had residual DVD >10 PD in primary gaze position, and none exhibited manifest dissociated strabismus warranting further treatment. CONCLUSION: Bilateral superior rectus muscle recession of up to 10 mm combined with inferior oblique muscle weakening appears to be a safe surgical approach in the management of patients with large angle or recurrent DVD. Our data further suggest that simultaneous four vertical muscle surgery may be preferred in some patients to weakening the superior rectus or inferior oblique muscles alone.     

Modified Inferior Oblique Transposition Considering the Equator for Primary Inferior Oblique Overaction (IOOA) Associated with Dissociated Vertical Deviation (DVD)

Purpose: Inferior oblique anterior transposition (IOAT) should be done only in patients with inferior oblique overaction (IOOA) and dissociated vertical deviation (DVD) without fusional potential because the procedure can cause anti-elevation syndrome. This study reports the results of modified inferior oblique transposition onto the equator in 7 patients diagnosed with infantile exotropia or esotropia associated with IOOA and DVD.

Methods: We performed modified inferior oblique (IO) transposition onto or considering the equator on 7 patients who had infantile exotropia or esotropia associated with IOOA and DVD. Five patients had infantile exotropia, and the other two patients had infantile esotropia. Six patients had undergone bilateral rectus -- Bilateral Lateral Rectus (BLR) or Bilateral Medial Rectus (BMR) -- recession previously and one patient underwent BLR recession and IO transposition simultaneously. They had more than +1.5 IOOA with DVD in both eyes. IO was transposed vertically onto the equator in this study. The mean distance between the lateral border of the inferior rectus insertion and the equator was 5.6?mm (range: 4.5 to 6.5?mm). Three months after the operation, degree of IOOA and DVD in each eye was evaluated.

Results: IOOA and DVD were markedly reduced in all patients (+0.5 ～+1 for IOOA postoperatively). Mild contralateral IOOA was noted but the motility disturbance was successfully corrected in all cases postoperatively.

Conclusion: Bilateral IO transposition onto the equator could minimize antielevation and corrected IOOA and DVD successfully in patients with infantile exotropia or esotropia.