扩张血管束移植预构皮瓣的实验研究

为研究扩张血管束移植预构皮瓣存活范围，将股动静脉血管束移植入８只雄性兔的腹部皮下肉膜内，一侧皮下同时置入皮肤扩张器，对侧置入硅胶薄膜，术后２周开始扩张，术后４周进行预构皮瓣活体血管染色和移植存活范围的比较研究，结果：扩张的预构皮瓣血管染色范围和移植后存活范围均大于未扩张的预构皮瓣。认为，扩张的机械性刺激及促进血管束的血管进一步改建可能是增加扩张预构皮瓣范围的原因。     

预构扩张游离皮瓣移植术

为了探索预构皮瓣、重构肌皮瓣联合使用皮肤软组织扩张器的可能性，将胸背动、静脉血管束连同一束背阔肌组织，移位植入侧胸部皮肤下，同时在该皮肤下放置皮肤扩张器，逐步注水数周后皮肤扩张，形成以胸背动静脉为血管蒂的轴型皮瓣，作显微外科吻合血管游离移植，临床应用两例获得成功。皮瓣分别为２０ｃｍ×１４ｃｍ及２２ｃｍ×１５ｃｍ，术后均完全成活。此项技术结合了血管植入预构轴型皮瓣及皮肤扩张两种技术，是皮瓣外科的新发展。其优点是血管蒂可选择，皮瓣薄，而且血循环好，供区可直接缝合。     

颞浅血管预构扩张皮瓣的临床应用

目的:探讨颞浅血管预构扩张皮瓣在修复面、颈部较大皮肤软组织缺损中的应用及其修复效果。方法:通过将颞浅动、静脉植入颈部皮下,皮下置入扩张器,经过3个月的组织扩张,形成以颞浅动、静脉为蒂的颈部预构扩张皮瓣,转移修复同侧面、颈部的皮肤软组织缺损。结果:2001年至2006年,应用此方法修复10例面、颈部瘢痕挛缩患者的面颊部及颏颈部皮肤软组织缺损,均取得了成功。随访6个月,效果满意。结论:采用颞浅动、静脉颈部预构扩张皮瓣修复面、颈部皮肤软组织缺损是一种可行的方法。     

血管移植皮瓣预构技术在额部扩张皮瓣中的应用

目的 寻求一种解决以颞浅血管额支为蒂的额部扩张岛状皮瓣术后容易出现静脉同流的方法.方法 手术分两期进行.Ⅰ期,在额肌下剥离,形成适当大小的囊腔,然后以颢浅血管顶支为蒂,形成颞顶筋膜瓣,转移至额部皮瓣下,舒展同定于额肌下面,于筋膜瓣下埋置扩张器;Ⅱ期,取出扩张器,以颞浅血管额支和转移带血运的筋膜瓣为蒂,形成额部扩张岛状皮瓣,转移、修复面部皮肤缺损.结果 自2004年以来,临床应用3例,均为烧伤后面部瘢痕患者,术后皮瓣全部成活,无静脉淤血等皮瓣回流不畅的情况出现.结论 将血管移植皮瓣预构技术应用到传统的以颞浅血管额支为蒂的额部扩张岛状皮瓣,不增加治疗时间,可有效地缓解皮瓣移植后的静脉回流问题,是解决额部扩张岛状皮瓣术后静脉回流问题的有效方法之一.     

预构皮瓣的研究进展

目的 总结预构皮瓣的实验研究进展及临床应用成果。方法 广泛查阅有关预构皮瓣的实验研究及临床应用的文献报道综述及研究成果，提出尚需解决的问题。结果 实验研究已证明，预构皮瓣的血管化过程主要是植入血管与皮瓣原血管间的直接沟通，其次是植入血管新生形成完整的血管网并支配整个皮瓣，３～４周血管成熟，可进行皮瓣转移。临床应用方面将颞浅动静脉、胃网膜血管、旋股外侧血管及胸背血管等预构皮瓣带蒡移位或游离移植，均攻     

静脉皮瓣供区预扩张的实验研究

目的研究皮肤软组织扩张术对静脉皮瓣成活的影响,探讨静脉皮瓣经预扩张后皮瓣成活安全性的变化。方法以新西兰成年兔为实验对象,进行自身双耳对照。采用激光多普勒微循环成像、酶组织化学染色+计算机图像分析、组织形态计量学测量以及皮瓣成活面积的测量等方法,观测预扩张静脉皮瓣的微循环变化及皮瓣的成活情况。结果静脉皮瓣经预扩张后,皮瓣的微血管管径由扩张前的(7.2±0.7)μm增至扩张后的(15.6±1.9)μm,微血管密度由(0.010 8±0.000 2)μm2/μm2增至(0.052 5±0.002 1)μm2/μm2(P<0.01),成活率由(21.89±1.12)%增至(85.10±2.32)%(P<0.001)。结论静脉皮瓣经预扩张后,皮瓣的微血管密度、管径均有明显增加,皮瓣的成活率显著提高。     

预构皮瓣的应用进展

将知名血管束或含知名血管的小组织瓣 ,移植入随意皮瓣中 ,两者愈合血运沟通后构成新的轴型皮瓣称为预构皮瓣。1　预构皮瓣的原理沈祖尧[1,2 ] 将血管束埋植于供区 ,造影发现 :1～2ｄ植入的血管束旁有造影剂溢漏现象 ,随时间增长 ,植入血管旁的微小血管显影越来越多 ,先是围绕血管纵向排列的较多 ,随后可见垂直向皮瓣真皮发出更小的血管分支 ,2～ 3周贯通整个皮瓣 ,4周达高峰。植入血管与皮瓣间建立血液循环联系有两种情况 :①新生血管与皮瓣原有血管的相互吻合、沟通。②新生血管生长、蔓延并形成网状系统 ,单独支配整个皮瓣。Ｖａｌａｕｒ…     

预扩张对游离（岛状）皮瓣血管构筑影响的实验研究

预扩张对游离（岛状）皮瓣血管构筑影响的实验研究张敬良王庆良游离（岛状）皮瓣移植与皮肤软组织扩张相结合的皮瓣扩张术，弥补了皮瓣可供面积受限，外观臃肿等缺陷。但仍有许多特性尚需了解，本实验针对游离（岛状）皮瓣经过预扩张所引起的血管构筑的变化进行了观察研究...     

静脉皮瓣供区预扩张的实验研究

目的研究皮肤软组织扩张术对静脉皮瓣成活的影响,探讨静脉皮瓣经预扩张后皮瓣成活安全性的变化.方法以新西兰成年兔为实验对象,进行自身双耳对照.采用激光多普勒微循环成像、酶组织化学染色+计算机图像分析、组织形态计量学测量以及皮瓣成活面积的测量等方法,观测预扩张静脉皮瓣的微循环变化及皮瓣的成活情况.结果静脉皮瓣经预扩张后,皮瓣的微血管管径由扩张前的(7.2±0.7) μm增至扩张后的(15.6±1.9) μm,微血管密度由(0.010 8±0.000 2) μm2/μm2增至(0.052 5±0.002 1) μm2/μm2(P＜0.01),成活率由(21.89±1.12)%增至(85.10±2.32)%(P＜0.001).结论静脉皮瓣经预扩张后,皮瓣的微血管密度、管径均有明显增加,皮瓣的成活率显著提高.     

VEGF促进预构皮瓣血管新生的实验研究

目的探讨VEGF重组蛋白促进大鼠预构皮瓣血管新生、提高皮瓣存活面积的可行性。方法建立大鼠腹部预构皮瓣模型;30只Wistar大鼠随机分为两组;局部应用VEGF165（组Ⅰ）、PBS（组Ⅱ）;4周后形成以植入血管为蒂的岛状皮瓣,原位缝合;术后7d对皮瓣存活、血管新生情况进行检测。结果组Ⅰ、组Ⅱ的皮瓣存活率分别为66．13％±9．9％,55．59％±13．06％（P〈0．05）;组Ⅰ与组Ⅱ比较,微血管显影血管网更丰富,范围更广,分支更粗,内含墨汁的血管在皮瓣的表皮真皮、皮下层均有分布;微血管计数组Ⅰ、组Ⅱ分别为25．83±6．33条／mm^2,26．5±5．61条／mm^2（p〉0．05）。结论VEGF可以促进预构皮瓣的血管新生,提高存活率。     

静脉游离移植预构动脉网状皮瓣的实验

为观察预构动脉网的形成过程选３０支健康家兔，随机分６组，在硫苯妥纳麻醉下，行无菌手术，解剖出腹壁静脉，取１５ｃｍ长结扎离断远端，与对侧股动脉经皮下遂道吻合。经１－８周进行造影观查。三周后有细小血管生长，至８周时已形成明显动脉网，为预构动脉网状瓣的临床应用提供了动物模行基础。     

吻合血管游离皮瓣移植后皮肤再扩张的实验研究

在应用耳后皮肤扩张行耳廓再造的手术中，为了解决耳后皮肤不正常，如烧伤后耳后有瘢痕不能行皮肤扩张的问题，我们设计了吻合血管游离皮瓣移植后皮肤再扩张的手术方式，为证实手术设计的可行性，在兔体上进行此术式的动物实验。用兔双侧胸背部皮肤，一侧作原位吻合血管游离皮瓣移植后，再扩张；另一侧作常规的皮肤扩张。从扩张容量、扩张中有无并发症、皮肤血管的变化和组织学观察等方面比较两组之间均无显著性差异（Ｐ＞０．０５）。表明，在兔体上吻合血管游离皮瓣移植后再皮肤扩张对皮肤扩张无明显不良影响，为临床应用提供参考。     

兔股动脉和静脉预构轴型扩张皮瓣的实验观察

目的 通过兔股动脉、静脉预构轴型扩张皮瓣的微循环血流晕动态变化、光镜下结构的改变及其成活面积,为预构轴型扩张皮瓣的临床应用提供依据.方法 选择新西兰白兔40只,随机分为4组:预构轴型扩张皮瓣组、预构轴型不扩张皮瓣组、单纯预构轴型皮瓣组及无蒂游离皮瓣组,每组4只,前2组股动脉、静脉移位后,预构轴型扩张皮瓣组、预构轴型不扩张皮瓣组分别在肉膜深面置入容量为50 ml长方形皮肤软组织扩张器,预构轴型扩张皮瓣组7 d后开始注水;无蒂游离皮瓣组为对照组,未采取预构及扩张处理.定期对4组皮肤进行微循环血流量检测,并取样进行光镜观察.预构术后52 d,前3组形成以预构股动静脉血管束为蒂的岛状皮瓣,游离皮瓣组则形成无蒂游离皮瓣后均原位缝合,观察其成活面积.结果 预构轴型扩张皮瓣组较其他组微循环血流量增加,成活面积大[(97.54±2.73)%],光镜下改变显著(P<0.05).结论 扩张术能促进预构轴型皮瓣的血管化进程,明显增大预构轴型皮瓣成活面积,增加其移植的安全性.     

组织扩张对预构轴型皮瓣血供影响的实验研究

目的研究组织扩张对预构轴型皮瓣血供范围的影响,为临床上获取更大面积的预构轴型皮瓣提供理论指导.方法在同一只兔子腹部的左右侧分别设计、完成以股动、静脉为轴型血管的预构皮瓣,右侧腹部仅预构皮瓣未埋置扩张器(未扩张组),左侧预构皮瓣下埋置扩张器进行扩张(扩张组),分别于预构术后1、3、5、7、10、14、21、28、56天对扩张组与未扩张组预构皮瓣血供范围进行相关检测.结果预构皮瓣经扩张后其轴型血管供血范围明显大于未经扩张的预构皮瓣(P＜0.05).结论扩张术可加速皮瓣预构进程,增加预构轴型皮瓣的存活面积.     

组织扩张对预构轴型皮瓣血供影响的实验研究

目的　研究组织扩张对预构轴型皮瓣血供范围的影响 ,为临床上获取更大面积的预构轴型皮瓣提供理论指导。方法　在同一只兔子腹部的左右侧分别设计、完成以股动、静脉为轴型血管的预构皮瓣 ,右侧腹部仅预构皮瓣未埋置扩张器 (未扩张组 ) ,左侧预构皮瓣下埋置扩张器进行扩张 (扩张组 ) ,分别于预构术后 1、3、5、7、10、14、2 1、2 8、5 6天对扩张组与未扩张组预构皮瓣血供范围进行相关检测。结果　预构皮瓣经扩张后其轴型血管供血范围明显大于未经扩张的预构皮瓣 (P <0 .0 5 )。结论　扩张术可加速皮瓣预构进程 ,增加预构轴型皮瓣的存活面积     

兔股动脉和静脉预构轴型扩张皮瓣的实验观察

Objective To study the microcirculation and structural changes, surviving area of expanded prefabricated flaps. Methods A total of 40 New Zealand rabbits were divided randomly into expanded prefabricated, expender lined, simple prefabricated and free flap groups, each consisting of 10 rabbits. For the expanded prefabricated, expender lined and simple prefabricated groups, after the femoral artery and vein were transplanted into subcutaneous tissues of abdomen, and expanders were implanted into the deeper dartos. The free flap group was a blank control group. For the expanded prefabricated group, the expansion was carried out on 7th day postoperatively. On postoperative day 52, when the expander was fully expanded, island flaps with the prefabricated vessels as the pedicles were formed. The flaps were measured by laser Doppler flowmetry, light microscopy and digital re-cording of survival arca. Results When compared with the other groups, the perfusion volume of mi-crocirculation enhanced, flaps survival improved (97.54±2.73) %, blood capillary were stronger, to-gether with microscopic changes were significant in the expanded prefabricated groups (P<0.05). Conclusion Expandedprefabricated flaps can increase the survival size of the flaps and the safety of flap transplantation.     

兔股动脉和静脉预构轴型扩张皮瓣的实验观察

Objective To study the microcirculation and structural changes, surviving area of expanded prefabricated flaps. Methods A total of 40 New Zealand rabbits were divided randomly into expanded prefabricated, expender lined, simple prefabricated and free flap groups, each consisting of 10 rabbits. For the expanded prefabricated, expender lined and simple prefabricated groups, after the femoral artery and vein were transplanted into subcutaneous tissues of abdomen, and expanders were implanted into the deeper dartos. The free flap group was a blank control group. For the expanded prefabricated group, the expansion was carried out on 7th day postoperatively. On postoperative day 52, when the expander was fully expanded, island flaps with the prefabricated vessels as the pedicles were formed. The flaps were measured by laser Doppler flowmetry, light microscopy and digital re-cording of survival arca. Results When compared with the other groups, the perfusion volume of mi-crocirculation enhanced, flaps survival improved (97.54±2.73) %, blood capillary were stronger, to-gether with microscopic changes were significant in the expanded prefabricated groups (P<0.05). Conclusion Expandedprefabricated flaps can increase the survival size of the flaps and the safety of flap transplantation.     

血管内皮细胞生长因子和碱性成纤维细胞生长因子加速预构扩张皮瓣成熟的研究

目的　观察以生物蛋白胶局部缓释血管内皮细胞生长因子 (VEGF)和碱性成纤维细胞生长因子(b FGF)应用于兔预构扩张皮瓣对细胞增殖及凋亡、血管化进程 ,以及皮瓣成熟的作用。　方法　将新西兰大耳白兔 5 3只随机分为正常、空白、生物蛋白胶、VEGF直接应用、VEGF胶及 b FGF胶共 6组 ,兔耳中央动静脉束植入预构扩张皮瓣 ,14天后形成 3cm× 5 cm岛状瓣。分别进行皮瓣成活面积、激光多普勒血流量、铅丹灌注、墨汁灌注、PCNA免疫组化和 TUNEL 凋亡检测。　结果　两种生长因子应用组皮瓣成活面积较其它组增加 ,血流灌注量增多 ,新生毛细血管密度加大 ,细胞增殖提高、凋亡减少。　结论　 VEGF和 b FGF均能通过刺激细胞增殖和减少凋亡发生来促进血管新生和预构扩张皮瓣成熟 ,用生物蛋白胶缓释生长因子有独特效果。     

兔股动脉和静脉预构轴型扩张皮瓣的实验观察

Objective To study the microcirculation and structural changes, surviving area of expanded prefabricated flaps. Methods A total of 40 New Zealand rabbits were divided randomly into expanded prefabricated, expender lined, simple prefabricated and free flap groups, each consisting of 10 rabbits. For the expanded prefabricated, expender lined and simple prefabricated groups, after the femoral artery and vein were transplanted into subcutaneous tissues of abdomen, and expanders were implanted into the deeper dartos. The free flap group was a blank control group. For the expanded prefabricated group, the expansion was carried out on 7th day postoperatively. On postoperative day 52, when the expander was fully expanded, island flaps with the prefabricated vessels as the pedicles were formed. The flaps were measured by laser Doppler flowmetry, light microscopy and digital re-cording of survival arca. Results When compared with the other groups, the perfusion volume of mi-crocirculation enhanced, flaps survival improved (97.54±2.73) %, blood capillary were stronger, to-gether with microscopic changes were significant in the expanded prefabricated groups (P<0.05). Conclusion Expandedprefabricated flaps can increase the survival size of the flaps and the safety of flap transplantation.     

兔股动脉和静脉预构轴型扩张皮瓣的实验观察

Objective To study the microcirculation and structural changes, surviving area of expanded prefabricated flaps. Methods A total of 40 New Zealand rabbits were divided randomly into expanded prefabricated, expender lined, simple prefabricated and free flap groups, each consisting of 10 rabbits. For the expanded prefabricated, expender lined and simple prefabricated groups, after the femoral artery and vein were transplanted into subcutaneous tissues of abdomen, and expanders were implanted into the deeper dartos. The free flap group was a blank control group. For the expanded prefabricated group, the expansion was carried out on 7th day postoperatively. On postoperative day 52, when the expander was fully expanded, island flaps with the prefabricated vessels as the pedicles were formed. The flaps were measured by laser Doppler flowmetry, light microscopy and digital re-cording of survival arca. Results When compared with the other groups, the perfusion volume of mi-crocirculation enhanced, flaps survival improved (97.54±2.73) %, blood capillary were stronger, to-gether with microscopic changes were significant in the expanded prefabricated groups (P<0.05). Conclusion Expandedprefabricated flaps can increase the survival size of the flaps and the safety of flap transplantation.