两种上颌窦提升术在上颌磨牙缺失种植修复术中的效果比较

目的 比较上颌窦外提升术与上颌窦内提升术在上颌磨牙缺失种植修复术中的疗效.方法 选择65例上颌磨牙缺失患者,共植入种植体80枚,其中42例患者采用上颌窦内提升术植入50枚种植体,23例患者采用上颌窦外提升术植入30枚种植体,均术后10 d、3个月、6个月、9个月摄片检查种植体的稳定性及愈合情况.结果 所有患者均获得随访,80枚种植体初期稳定性均较好,在观察期内均未见感染、松动及上颌窦炎症等并发症,X线显示种植体周围均无阴影.结论 上颌窦外提升术与上颌窦内提升术在上颌磨牙缺失种植修复术中均可取得较高的成功率,关键在于适应证的选择和掌握相关手术技巧.     

引导骨组织再生技术在种植周骨缺损的临床应用

目的评价引导骨组织再生技术在种植周骨缺损的临床效果。方法11例种植周骨缺损的患者一期植入种植体，共18颗。将Bio-oss充填于暴露的种植体周围，表面覆盖Bio-gide胶原膜，4～6个月后行二期手术，并观察骨缺损区新骨形成情况。一期术后1、3、6个月X线检查种植体周围及植骨区状况。结果种植体表面被新骨完全覆盖。11例18颗种植体无松动、脱落，均完成义齿修复。X线检查显示局部骨密度增高。结论Bio-oss联合Bio-gide胶原膜的引导骨组织再生技术应用于种植体周围骨缺损，可以引导骨组织再生，修复缺损区骨组织。     

微型种植钉压低伸长上颌磨牙的临床观察

目的探讨微型种植钉压低伸长上颌磨牙的临床效果。方法选取我院2009年1月至2012年12月72例患者,伸长上颌磨牙共有106颗,应用微螺钉将种植体进行种植,用以压低伸长上颌磨牙,观察其治疗效果。结果通过3～6个月治疗后均获得成功压低,其压低范围是2～5.3mm,平均为3.26mm。结论微型种植钉压低伸长上颌磨牙,具有较高的治疗效果,可以临床推广应用。     

前牙区早期种植的临床效果观察

目的评价前牙区美学区早期种植的临床效果。方法 18例患者21颗牙缺失2~8周后,植入21颗Straumann种植体,其中17颗行引导骨组织再生术。术后4～6个月后行永久性修复。随访6～24个月,通过临床和放射学检查观察临床效果。结果 21颗种植体修复均成功,2颗种植体随访期内出现软组织退缩。结论早期种植可以缩短种植修复时间,并取得较好的临床效果。     

BEGO短种植体在骨量不足后牙区种植修复的应用研究

目的评价BEGO短种植体在骨量不足后牙区种植修复的应用效果。方法选取因后牙缺失采用BEGO系统种植修复的患者60例,随机分为对照组和实验组,每组30例。实验组采用短种植体,对照组采用常规种植体。Ⅰ期手术全部采用埋入式种植,3~6个月行Ⅱ期手术,2~3周内完成永久固定修复。对比两组种植体冠-种植体高度比(C/I)、12~18个月后种植体存留率、X线检查边缘骨吸收、患者满意度。结果实验组患者植入42枚种植体,Ⅱ期手术时均获得骨结合。Ⅱ期修复后,上磨牙区一枚植体负重1个月时松动取出,其余经12~18个月随访观察,X线片检测种植体周骨组织稳定,骨吸收为(0.54±0.36)mm,C/I为(1.14±0.51),种植成功率为97.62%,患者满意度评分为0.9分。对照组患者植入48枚种植体,Ⅱ期手术时均获得骨结合。Ⅱ期修复后,上磨牙区一枚植体负重2个月时松动取出,其余经12~18个月随访观察,X线片检测种植体周骨组织稳定,骨吸收为(0.58±0.38)mm,C/I为(1.02±0.42),种植成功率为97.92%,患者满意度评分为1.0分。两组种植体存留率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。两组边缘骨吸收水平比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。两组患者满意度评分比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论在骨量不足后牙区,通过植入BEGO系统短种植体,可以避开复杂手术,降低风险,缩短修复所需时间,并有较高的成功率,值得在临床应用推广。     

即刻种植修复对慢性牙周炎患者的应用效果

目的 探讨慢性牙周炎患者即刻种植修复的方法及临床效果.方法 回顾性分析2013年3月至2015年1月我院经拔牙后即刻种植修复的19例慢性牙周炎患者的临床资料.结果 19例患者共植入33枚种植体,上颌14枚,下颌19枚,术后伤口一期愈合,X线片显示种植体与根尖部周围骨组织无明显间隙,术后6个月种植体与周围骨质完全结合,无明显透射影及骨吸收.上颌2枚种植体于术后6个月松动并去除,余下31枚种植体稳固,无种植体周围炎症发生,临时修复体美观,功能及牙龈形态良好.冠修复后31颗种植体颈部边缘垂直骨吸收均＜ 0.612 mm,种植成功率93.9％.结论 在术前完善牙周治疗,选择合适种植体以及合理应用骨引导技术基础上,慢性牙周炎患者即刻种植修复安全、可行,临床效果满意.     

上颌磨牙缺失25例种植修复效果观察

目的 评价上颌磨牙缺失的种植修复临床应用效果.方法 对25例上颌磨牙缺失患者采用56枚种植体进行种植修复治疗,术后随访记录周围软组织形态、种植体松动度、X线检查种植体周围骨组织情况、患者满意度等指标.结果 56枚种植体均未发生感染,有1例没有骨结合,二期手术时脱落;1例骨结合不良,修复时基台螺丝未加力到35 Ncm,修复后半年脱落;3例3枚植体于修复后出现水平食物嵌塞,其余患者均较为满意.结论 种植修复上颌磨牙的临床应用效果好.     

种植套筒冠覆盖义齿修复下颌无牙颌的临床应用体会

目的探讨种植套筒冠覆盖义齿修复下颌无牙颌的临床效果。方法对13例全口无牙颌男性患者进行下颌种植体支持套筒冠义齿修复。在患者下颌植入2～4颗韩国OSSTEM系统GS种植体,制作圆锥形套筒冠义齿。修复后追踪24个月,以临床检查和X线片评价修复效果。结果随访期间,所有患者临床检查未见种植体松动及损坏。多数义齿固位及稳定性可。X片显示种植体周骨组织稳定,无明显吸收。结论种植套筒冠覆盖义齿修复下颌无牙颌效果稳定,可于临床推广应用。     

前牙即刻种植即刻修复临床应用研究

目的探讨即刻种植与即刻修复技术的临床应用效果。方法34例患者共52个牙位在拔牙后植入种植体,其中28例36个牙位于前牙区种植后,在种植体上部完成临时冠修复,另6例患者进行常规种植手术,3个月后于种植体上烤瓷冠修复,所有患者均于术后10天、3、6、12个月复查一次。结果除2例3枚种植体松动外,其余种植体均获得良好的临床效果,X线示种植体周无低密度透光区,4年累计存留率为94.23%。结论严格掌握适应证,即刻种植与即刻修复可应用于临床,并获得较满意的临床效果。     

引导骨再生术结合骨挤压在单颗上颌前牙同期种植中的应用

目的 研究引导骨再生术(GBR)结合骨挤压应用于单颗上颌前牙同期种植的临床效果.方法 选取单颗上颌前牙缺失伴骨量不足患者19例,共植入19颗种植体.种植手术中联合应用GBR和骨挤压术以改善术区骨量不足的情况,同期植入种植体.4～6个月后复诊,行二期手术,2周后待牙龈形态恢复良好,修复缺失牙齿.牙冠修复完成后嘱患者3、6、12个月后复诊并拍摄CBCT或牙片,观察患者软硬组织及种植体骨结合情况.结果 19例患者共植入19颗种植体,术前牙槽嵴下方1 mm唇腭向平均宽度为(3.3±0.20)mm,术后4～6个月后平均宽度为(6.7±0.25)mm,差异有统计学意义(t=75.48,P<0.05).所有种植体骨结合良好,种植成功率100％,患者对种植修复后的效果满意.结论 GBR联合骨挤压技术能够有效地解决种植术区骨量不足的问题,在修复单颗上颌前牙中取得了良好的临床效果,拓宽了种植修复的适应证.     

Efficacy of gut lavage,hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the therapy of paraquat or diquat intoxication

Clinical and in vitro investigations were carried out to test the efficacy of gut lavage, hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the treatment of poisoning with paraquat or diquat. In a patient suffering from diquat intoxication 130 times more diquat was removed by gut lavage 30 h after ingestion than was removed by complete aspiration of the gastric contents.Determination of in vitro clearances for paraquat and diquat by hemodialysis showed that, at serum concentrations of 1–2 ppm, such as are frequently encountered in poisoning in man, toxicologically relevant quantities of herbicide cannot be removed from the body. At a concentration of 20 ppm, on the other hand, hemodialysis proved to be effective, the clearance being 70 ml/min at a blood flow rate of 100 ml/min. The efficacy of hemoperfusion with coated activated charcoal was on the whole better. Especially at concentrations around 1–2 ppm, the clearance values for hemoperfusion were some 5–7 times higher than those for hemodialysis.In a patient suffering from paraquat poisoning, both hemodialysis as well as hemoperfusion were carried out. The in vitro results could be confirmed: At serum concentrations of paraquat less than 1 ppm no clearance could be obtained by hemodialysis while by hemoperfusion with activated charcoal quite high clearance values were measured and the serum level dropped down to zero.

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Zusammenfassung Klinische Untersuchungen und Laboratoriumsversuche wurden durchgeführt, um die Wirksamkeit von Darmspülung, Hämodialyse und Hämoperfusion bei Paraquat- und Deiquat-Vergiftungen zu prüfen.Bei einem Patienten wurde 30 Std nach Deiquat-Aufnahme durch Darmspülung 130mal mehr Deiquat entfernt als durch vollständige Aspiration des Mageninhaltes. In vitro-Versuche ergaben, daß bei Blutserumkonzentrationen von 1–2 ppm, die bei Vergiftungen oft gemessen werden, durch Hämodialyse keine toxikologisch relevanten Paraquat- oder Deiquat-Mengen entfernt werden können. Dagegen erwies sich die Hämodialyse bei 20 ppm und einer Blutumlaufgeschwindigkeit von 100 ml/min mit einer Clearance von 70 ml/min als wirksam. Die Hämoperfusion mit beschicheter Aktivkohle war in diesen Versuchen aber eindeutig überlegen, denn insbesondere bei Konzentrationen um 1–2 ppm waren die Clearance-Werte 5–7mal höher als bei der Hämodialyse.Die in vitro-Ergebnisse wurden bei einem Patienten mit einer Paraquat-Vergiftung bestätigt: Bei Konzentrationen unter 1 ppm war die Hämodialyse wirkungslos, während durch Hämoperfusion relativ hohe Clearance-Werte erreicht wurden, so daß der Serumspiegel rasch unter die Nachweisgrenze abfiel.

     

In vitro studies on sterically stabilized liposomes (SL) as enzyme carriers in organophosphorus (OP) antagonism

This study describes a new approach for organophosphorous (OP) antidotal treatment by encapsulating an OP hydrolyzing enzyme, OPA anhydrolase (OPAA), within sterically stabilized liposomes. The recombinant OPAA enzyme was derived from Alteromonas strain JD6. It has broad substrate specificity to a wide range of OP compounds: DFP and the nerve agents, soman and sarin. Liposomes encapsulating OPAA (SL)* were made by mechanical dispersion method. Hydrolysis of DFP by (SL)* was measured by following an increase of fluoride ion concentration using a fluoride ion selective electrode. OPAA entrapped in the carrier liposomes rapidly hydrolyze DFP, with the rate of DFP hydrolysis directly proportional to the amount of (SL)* added to the solution. Liposomal carriers containing no enzyme did not hydrolyze DFP. The reaction was linear and the rate of hydrolysis was first order in the substrate. This enzyme carrier system serves as a biodegradable protective environment for the recombinant OP-metabolizing enzyme, OPAA, resulting in prolongation of enzymatic concentration in the body. These studies suggest that the protection of OP intoxication can be strikingly enhanced by adding OPAA encapsulated within (SL)* to pralidoxime and atropine.     

Aquatic Insects and Trace Metals: Bioavailability,Bioaccumulation, and Toxicity

Abstract

The uptake of metals from food and water sources by insects is thought to be additive. For a given metal, the proportions taken up from water and food will depend both on the bioavailable concentration of the metal associated with each source and the mechanism and rate by which the metal enters the insect. Attempts to correlate insect trace metal concentrations with the trophic level of insects should be made with a knowledge of the feeding relationships of the individual taxa concerned. Pathways for the uptake of essential metals, such as copper and zinc, exist at the cellular level, and other nonessential metals, such as cadmium, also appear to enter via these routes. Within cells, trace metals can be bound to proteins or stored in granules. The internal distribution of metals among body tissues is very heterogeneous, and distribution patterns tend to be both metal and taxon specific. Trace metals associated with insects can be both bound on the surface of their chitinous exoskeleton and incorporated into body tissues. The quantities of trace meals accumulated by an individual reflect the net balance between the rate of metal influx from both dissolved and particulate sources and the rate of metal efflux from the organism. The toxicity of metals has been demonstrated at all levels of biological organization: cell, tissue, individual, population, and community. Much of the literature pertaining to the toxic effects of metals on aquatic insects is based on laboratory observations and, as such, it is difficult to extrapolate the data to insects in nature. The few experimental studies in nature suggest that trace metal contaminants can affect both the distribution and the abundance of aquatic insects. Insects have a largely unexploited potential as biomonitors of metal contamination in nature. A better understanding of the physico-chemical and biological mechanisms mediating trace metal bioavailability and exchange will facilitate the development of general predictive models relating trace metal concentrations in insects to those in their environment. Such models will facilitate the use of insects as contaminant biomonitors.     

Alzheimer’s disease – current trends in basic and clinical research. Highlights from the 16th ECNP

Advances in the molecular biological knowledge of neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) have led to a growing interest by the pharmaceutical industry in the development of novel compounds that selectively modulate nAChR function. The ability of (-)-nicotine, an activator of nAChRs, to enhance attentional aspects of cognition in animals and humans, to exert neuroprotective and anxiolytic-like effects, and presumably to mediate the negative correlation between smoking and Alzheimer's (and Parkinson's) Disease, has focused interest on the potential therapeutic utility of modulators of nAChR function for treatment of some of the deficits associated with these progressive, neurodegenerative conditions. Numerous compounds are known which activate nAChRs and which might serve as lead compounds toward the development of such agents. The pharmacologic diversity of neuronal nAChR subtypes suggests the possibility of developing selective compounds which would have more favourable side-effect profiles than existing agents. This broader class of agents, collectively called cholinergic channel modulators (ChCMs), is anticipated to encompass compounds which would have more favourable side-effect profiles than existing agents, which generally exhibit low selectivity. This selectivity may be achieved by preferentially activating some subtypes of nAChRs (i.e., Cholinergic Channel Activators, ChCAs) or inhibiting the function of other subtypes (Cholinergic Channel Inhibitors, ChCIs). An overview of the biology of nAChRs and the rationale for the use of ChCMs for the treatment of dementia related to neurodegenerative diseases are presented, followed by a discussion of lead compounds and compounds under consideration for clinical evaluation.     

Steroidal sapogenin contents in some domestic plants

In order to find out the values of the steroid resources for the future use. the compositions and contents of steroidal sapogenins from 13 domestic plants have been investigated. As a result,Dioscorea nipponica, D. quinqueloba andSmilax china were found to have large amount of diosgenin. And pennogenin inTrillium kamtschaticum andParis verticillata, yuccagenin inAllium fistulosum, hecogenin inAgave americana and neochlorogenin inSolanum nigum were appeared to be major steroidal sapogenins.