125例耐多药肺结核胸部影像学分析

目的收集经药物敏感试验证实的耐多药肺结核,探讨耐多药肺结核的胸部影像学特点,提高对耐多药肺结核的认识。方法选取符合标准的耐多药肺结核125例为观察组,同期不耐药的肺结核患者120例为对照组。全部患者均有正、侧位胸片及胸部CT扫描片。结果①观察组与对照组相比,观察组病变分布广泛,明显多于对比组,两者差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。②比较病变形态,观察组肺内播散病灶、合并空洞及合并肺毁损多于对照组,二者差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。③病变的动态变化,病变进展观察组多于对照组,好转病例观察组少于对照组,二者差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论耐多药肺结核的胸部影像具有病变严重,较多肺内播散病灶、合并空洞及合并肺毁损的特点。     

耐多药肺结核的胸部X线分析

目的探讨经药物敏感试验证实的耐多药肺结核的胸部X线表现。方法选取耐药肺结核30例作为观察组,同期不耐药的肺结核220例为对照组,分析比较胸部X线特点。结果两组肺部结核病灶分布比较差异无显著性(P>0.05)。但结核病灶形态中,观察组肺内大片状影、空洞、多发结节、肺毁损、播散病灶多于对照组(P均<0.01)。X线病变动态变化中病变进展观察组多于对照组,病变好转病例观察组少于对照组(P<0.01)。结论耐多药肺结核是所有肺结核中最严重的一种,肺内病变表现广泛,活动性强且治疗效果差。     

32例耐多药肺结核治疗的临床分析

目的 探讨耐多药肺结核的合理治疗方案.方法 收集32例耐多药肺结核患者的临床资料.2000年之前为第1组、2001年之后为第2组回顾性分析其治疗方案、手术情况和治疗转归.结果 32例耐多药肺结核患者中有耐药结核接触史者14例.治愈19例(59.4％).第1组治愈率为38.5％,与选择敏感药物种数不足有关.第2组治愈率提高至73.7％,治疗失败主要与血糖控制不理想和广泛耐药有关.结论 对有耐药肺结核接触史的患者应提高警惕,早期发现原发耐多药肺结核.选择4种或4种以上的敏感药物组成有效方案是提高耐多药肺结核治愈和手术治疗成功的关键.     

螺旋CT多平面重建对球形肺炎的诊断价值

目的:探讨螺旋CT多平面重建(MPR)技术显示球形肺炎的影像学特点和诊断价值。方法:对收集的28例经临床证实的球形肺炎的临床和螺旋CT及MPR检查资料进行回顾性分析。结果:28例球形肺炎经MPR重建直观显示病灶沿支气管血管束分布,病灶形态,支气管气像征及肺门侧支气管壁较均匀广泛增厚而无狭窄的影像学表现明显多于普通的横断面CT图像,经统计学检验两者有显著性差异。结论:螺旋CT多平面重建检查技术是球形肺炎诊断的有效方法。     

继发耐多药肺结核分析

耐多药（MDR）肺结核是指对异烟肼（H）、利福平（R）两种或其以上抗结核药物耐药的肺结核。本文收集近几年我院肺结核病人中，痰结核菌药敏试验对H、R或其以上的抗结核药物耐药的病例120例，其中9例系原发耐多药，111例系继发耐多药病例，占92．5％。现就这111例进行分析，以探讨继发耐多药肺结核临床特点及形成原因。     

强力阿莫仙治疗耐多药肺结核病探讨

目的评价强力阿莫仙治疗耐多药肺结核的情况。方法采用中华医学会结核病分会耐多药肺结核诊断标准[1]。随机分组,69例耐多药肺结核病用强力阿莫仙治疗,为治疗组;66例耐多药肺结核采用常规抗痨药,为对照组。结果治疗2个月末痰菌阴转两组差异具有非常显著性（P〈0.01）。3个月末、6个月和12个月末痰涂阴转差异均无显著性。3个月末胸部X线检查差异有显著性（P〈0.05）,6个月末和12个月末其差异分别有非常显著性（P〈0.01）。初始耐药率为52.2%,而获得性耐药率为47.8%。69例病例中,60例是暂住户口居民,9例为常住户口居民。结论强力阿莫仙对治疗肺结核治疗有效。在初结核病例中,治疗6个月末X线检查病灶吸收低于90%,或病灶边缘仍模糊,应考虑是初始耐多药病例。建议药敏试验列为肺结核综合治疗前的常规项目。     

螺旋CT多平面重建对球形肺炎的诊断价值

目的：探讨螺旋CT多平面重建（MPR）技术显示球形肺炎的影像学特点和诊断价值。方法：对收集的28例经临床证实的球形肺炎的临床和螺旋CT及MPR检查资料进行回顾性分析。结果：28例球形肺炎经MPR重建直观显示病灶沿支气管血管束分布，病灶形态，支气管气像征及肺门侧支气管壁较均匀广泛增厚而无狭窄的影像学表现明显多于普通的横断面CT图像，经统计学检验两者有显著性差异。结论：螺旋CT多平面重建检查技术是球形肺炎诊断的有效方法。     

南通市全球基金84例耐多药肺结核的X线胸片分析

目的:分析南通市纳入全球基金治疗的84例耐多药肺结核患者的X线胸片特点及产生原因。方法:对经药物敏感试验证实的84例患者进行动态胸部X线摄片观察。结果:(1)耐多药肺结核患者肺部病灶分布范围广,影像上侵犯3个肺野及以上的71例占84.5%;病灶形态呈多样性改变,多种病理学改变影像共存的76例占90.5%,肺部有空洞病灶61例占72.6%,合并一侧肺毁损的10例,占11.9%。(2)经标准化耐多药肺结核治疗方案治疗12~24个月后,观察胸片病变的动态变化,病变进展47例占56.0%,病变好转22例占26.2%,无变化15例占17.8%。结论:耐多药肺结核患者X线胸片特点为病灶分布范围广,病灶形态多样,较易出现空洞,治疗后病变吸收不明显,治疗效果差。     

不典型肺结核61例影像表现分析

目的探讨不典型肺结核的影像学特点,以提高诊断及鉴别诊断水平。方法收集61例不典型肺结核患者的临床资料,分析其影像学特征。结果 61例首次诊断均不能确定,其中26例按一般肺部炎症治疗2周后未见好转,改行抗结核治疗后有效而确诊为肺结核;19例经纤支镜活检病理证实为肺结核;9例经肺穿刺活检病理证实,7例痰结核菌阳性而确诊。所有病例均经正规抗结核治疗后痊愈或病情趋于稳定。影像学表现：肺叶、肺段实变或肺不张26例,结节及肿块阴影23例,肺门及纵隔淋巴结增大12例。结论不典型肺结核影像学表现多种多样,应充分运用多种检测手段进行综合分析,结合临床做好鉴别诊断。     

耐多药肺结核早期外科治疗的临床效果分析

目的 探索耐多药肺结核早期外科治疗的手术时机,为优化耐多药肺结核治疗方案提供询证医学依据.方法 选取重庆市公共卫生医疗救治中心胸外科2006年7月至2010年6月经药敏试验确诊为耐多药肺结核予以手术治疗的患者共42例作为观察组[其中男性29例,女性13例,年龄(36.7±1.5)岁]进行病肺切除,术后继续予以有效药物化疗12个月以上,另随机选取同期经药敏确诊为耐多药肺结核,并具备肺叶切除指征的门诊患者43例[其中男性27例,女性16例,年龄(39.5±1.0)岁],根据药敏试验选取有效药物单纯化疗的耐多药肺结核患者作为对照组.两组患者均予以连续不间断随访12～24个月,对比分析两组患者治愈率、并发症发生率、死亡率等临床指标.结果 对照组治愈率41.9％ (18/43),病情逆转率18.6％(8/43),死亡率16.3％ (7/43);观察组治愈率83.3％(35/42),病情逆转率4.8％(2/42),并发症发生率28.6％ (12/42),死亡率2.4％ (1/42).两组治愈率、死亡率比较有统计学显著差异(P＜0.01),病情逆转率比较有统计学差异(P＜0.05).结论 对确诊耐多药肺结核,经内科治疗2个月以上者均可考虑病肺手术治疗,早期手术治疗效果优于晚期手术治疗,其手术并发症与普通胸外科手术的肺叶切除一致.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.