经桡动脉穿刺冠状动脉复杂病变的介入治疗

目的　探讨复杂冠状动脉病变经桡动脉穿刺途径行介入治疗的成功率和并发症。方法　 184例复杂冠状动脉病变的冠心病心绞痛患者中 ,经桡动脉穿刺组 4 6例 ,对照组为经股动脉穿刺者 138例 ,观察两组手术成功率、术后并发症等情况。结果　经桡动脉组手术成功率为 92 .2 % ,与经股动脉组 (94 .9% )相比无明显差异 (P>0 .0 5 )。但术后与穿刺有关的并发症发生率 ,经桡动脉组明显少于经股动脉组 (10 .8% vs 2 8.3% ,P<0 .0 5 ) ;术后卧床时间也明显短于经股动脉穿刺组 (P<0 .0 1)。而经桡动脉组从穿刺开始至指引导管放置成功所需的时间长于经股动脉组(P<0 .0 5 )。结论　经选择的冠状动脉复杂病变经桡动脉途径介入治疗具有较高的成功率。经桡动脉途径术后与穿刺有关的并发症发生率低。     

经桡动脉冠状动脉造影术和介入治疗的临床应用

目的探讨经皮桡动脉冠状动脉造影和介入治疗的安全性和可行性。方法156例冠心病或拟诊冠心病患者术前均接受Allen’s试验检查,选择右侧桡动脉为穿刺径路,使用6F桡动脉专用鞘管,5F桡动脉造影导管和6F指引导管。结果桡动脉造影成功152例,成功率为97．43％;85例行经皮冠状动脉介入治疗,手术成功率为98．82％。局部血肿,前臂张力性血肿及桡动脉闭塞各1例,无其他并发症。结论经皮桡动脉冠脉造影术和介入治疗安全、可行,经桡动脉穿刺局部并发症少,病人更乐意接受,值得推广。     

5F指引导管在冠心病经桡动脉介入治疗中的应用

目的：评价冠心病患者经桡动脉介入治疗中使用5F指引导管的可行性和安全性。方法：102例经桡动脉介入治疗的冠心病患者,按指引导管大小随机分为A组（6F指引导管,n=54）和B组（5F指引导管,n=48）,比较两组的手术成功率、穿刺部位相关并发症及住院期间心血管不良事件发生率。结果：A组的穿刺部位并发症高于B组（P〈0．01）,手术成功率及住院期间不良事件发生率两组无明显差别（P〉0．05）。结论：5F指引导管在冠心病经桡动脉介入治疗中减少穿刺部位相关并发症。是安全可行的。     

经桡动脉介入治疗高龄冠心病患者的可行性

目的:评价高龄冠心病患者经桡动脉穿刺介入治疗的安全性及可行性。方法:380例70岁以上的老年冠心病行介入治疗患者按动脉穿刺途径随机分成桡动脉组(n=190)和股动脉组(n=190),观察两组间动脉穿刺成功率、手术操作时间、造影剂用量、局部及全身并发症发生情况。结果:经桡动脉穿刺途径成功共182例,经股动脉穿刺途径成功共188例。两组间动脉穿刺成功率、介入手术时间、造影剂用量差异无显著性。局部出血并发症迷走反射桡动脉组明显少于股动脉组(P0.05)。结论:高龄冠心病患者经桡动脉途径穿刺行介入治疗方法可行、治疗有效,较股动脉并发症发生少,是高龄冠心病患者介入治疗可选择的穿刺途径。     

冠心病患者冠状动脉介入治疗两种路径的比较

目的:比较冠心病患者冠状动脉介入治疗两种路径,以说明经桡动脉路径的优越性。方法: 选择行经皮冠状动脉介入治疗的423例冠心病患者,按采用的路径分为经桡动脉路径组（桡动脉组,213例）和经股动脉路径组（股动脉组,210例）,分析两组间首次穿刺置管成功率、手术成功率、平均住院日及术后并发症的发生率。结果: 两组间首次穿刺置管成功率、手术成功率比较无显著差异。桡动脉组平均住院日、局部血肿、尿潴留、失眠、烦躁及并发症的总发生率均显著低于股动脉组,两组间比较有显著性差异（P<0.05）。结论: 经桡动脉路径行经皮冠状动脉介入治疗安全可行,可以作为首选路径。     

经桡动脉和股动脉途径行冠状动脉介入治疗932例临床对比分析

目的:探讨经桡动脉途径行冠状动脉介入治疗的安全性及可行性。方法:选取行冠状动脉造影和经皮冠状动脉成形术或支架植入术的患者932例,其中494例经桡动脉途径,438例经股动途径,比较两组的穿刺成功率、手术成功率、穿刺部位止血包扎时间、肢体制动时间及并发症。结果:两组手术成功率差异无统计学意义(96.6%︰97.1%);经桡动脉组穿刺成功率略低于经股动脉组(P0.05);经桡动脉组在鞘管置入时间上长于股动脉组,而止血包扎时间和肢体制动时间则明显短于股动脉组(P0.05)。经桡动脉组穿刺部位血肿、假性动脉瘤、血管迷走神经反射、术后尿潴留发生率明显低于股动脉组(P0.05),而动脉痉挛发生率明显高于股动脉组(P0.05)。结论:经桡动脉途径行冠状动脉介入治疗是安全、有效、可行的,值得临床推广应用。     

老年冠心病经桡动脉穿刺介入治疗的可行性研究

目的　对比评价老年冠心病经桡动脉穿刺介入治疗的安全性及疗效。方法　沈阳军区总医院心内科于 2 0 0 2 -0 1～ 2 0 0 4 - 0 8对 774例 6 0岁以上的老年冠心病行介入治疗 ,患者按动脉穿刺途径随机分成桡动脉组 (n =382 )和股动脉组 (n =382 ) ,观察两组间动脉穿刺成功率、动脉穿刺时间、手术操作时间、X线曝光时间、造影剂用量、外周血管并发症和术后肺栓塞发生情况。结果　经桡动脉穿刺途径成功共 36 8例 ,经股动脉穿刺途径成功共 372例。两组间动脉穿刺成功率、X线曝光时间、造影剂用量差异无显著性 (P >0 0 5 )。动脉穿刺时间桡动脉组明显多于股动脉组 (P <0 0 5 ) ,外周血管并发症桡动脉组明显少于股动脉组 (P <0 0 5 ) ,在股动脉组术后肺栓塞发生2例 ,而桡动脉组 0例。桡动脉组和股动脉组行血管内超声 (32例∶34例 )和球囊切割术 (38例∶37例 )差异无显著性(P >0 0 5 )。总介入治疗手术成功率为 98 2 % (76 0 /774 )。结论　只要规范化操作 ,老年冠心病的经桡动脉穿刺介入治疗方法安全、可行和有效 ,术后外周血管并发症发生少。     

基层医院开展经桡动脉途径冠状动脉介入治疗的可行性研究

目的探讨经桡动脉和股动脉行冠状动脉介入治疗的优缺点,及在基层医院开展经桡动脉介入治疗的可行性。方法将112例住院的冠心病患者随机分为经桡动脉介入治疗组58例,经股动脉介入治疗组54例。观察两组手术成功率、住院天数、球囊及特殊导管使用率、手术操作时间和并发症的发生率。结果经桡动脉组与经股动脉组成功率无显著差异,而局部血管并发症少(P<0.05),住院天数明显缩短(P<0.01),但经桡动脉组球囊使用率高(P<0.05),特殊导管使用率也较经股动脉组高(P<0.01),手术耗时长(P<0.01),动脉痉挛发生率也高于经股动脉组但无显著性差异(P>0.05)。结论经桡动脉途径行冠状动脉介入治疗术患者痛苦少、血管并发症少,且手术成功率高,适合在基层医院开展。但在开展经桡动脉介入治疗前,应积累大量的经股动脉冠状动脉介入治疗术和经桡动脉冠脉造影术的实践经验。     

经桡动脉途径行冠状动脉介入治疗618例分析

目的:通过对比桡动脉、股动脉2种途径行冠状动脉介入治疗的临床疗效,探讨经桡动脉途径行冠状动脉介入治疗的安全性和有效性。方法:连续入选2003年12月至2009年12月在北京丰台医院心内科行冠状动脉介入治疗的患者1236例,随机分为桡动脉组618例,股动脉组618例,主要观察指标包括:手术成功率、穿刺成功率、血管开通时间、X线透视时间、手术总时间、不同指引导管的使用率、术中不良事件(包括死亡、急性心肌梗死、恶性心律失常、冠状动脉痉挛、夹层及穿孔和闭塞)、术后不良事件(包括死亡、急性心肌梗死、患侧肢体假性动脉瘤及血肿)及总住院时间等。结果:经桡动脉途径行冠状动脉介入治疗术的成功率为95.8%,与股动脉组比较,桡动脉组穿刺成功率、血管开通时间、X线透视时间、手术总时间差异无统计学意义。与股动脉组相比较,桡动脉组术后血肿的发生率、住院时间显著减少。结论:经桡动脉途径行冠状动脉介入治疗术安全有效,并发症少,减少了患者住院时间,但需要熟练掌握手术技巧,术中宜直接选择支撑力较好的指引导管,以提高手术成功率。     

经肱动脉行经皮冠状动脉介入术的临床研究

目的比较经不同穿刺途径行经皮冠状动脉介入术的优缺点。方法选自本院门诊及住院的接受经皮冠状动脉介入术的冠心病患者48例,肱动脉组、桡动脉组和股动脉组各16例,比较手术时间、平均住院时间、插入冠状动脉成功率、穿刺部位出血及血管损伤发生率、迷走反射发生率等指标。结果肱动脉组和桡动脉组在平均术后住院时间、穿刺部位出血及血管损伤发生率、迷走反射发生率方面较股动脉组明显减少;但插入冠状动脉成功率较股动脉组低,而差异无统计学意义;手术时间肱动脉组和桡动脉组较股动脉组长(P<0．05)。结论经肱动脉、经桡动脉与传统的经股动脉途径一样安全可行,且并发症更低,经济实用,更易为患者所接受。     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

Microbiology of human immunodeficiency virus anorectal disease

PURPOSE: Individuals who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus are at high risk for opportunistic infection and anorectal disorders. Little prospective information is available regarding anorectal pathogens in these patients. METHODS: One hundred sixty-three HIV-seropositive patients presented to the colorectal clinic between 1989 and 1992. Forty-seven (29 percent) patients were thought to have an infectious process and were prospectively studied using a standardized multiculture protocol. RESULTS: Mean age was 33 (range, 19–59) years. All were male; high-risk behavior accounted for 87 percent of HIV transmissions. Presenting complaints included anorectal pain (79 percent), pus per anum (28 percent), and blood per anum (26 percent). Examination revealed perianal tenderness (60 percent), condyloma (38 percent), perianal ulcers (38 percent), and anal fissures (34 percent). Sixty-six sets of cultures were performed; 28 patients had one set, 15 had two sets, and 4 had three sets. Thirty-two of these 47 patients (68 percent) had positive cultures including herpes (50 percent), cytomegalovirus (25 percent),Neisseria gonorrhoeae (16 percent), chlamydia (16 percent), acidfast bacilli (2 percent), and others (9 percent). Six of 32 patients with positive cultures had more than one organism cultured. Sixteen (50 percent) patients with positive cultures were treated medically, 8 (25 percent) were treated surgically and 8 (25 percent) were treated with both modalities. Sixty-one procedures were performed on 17 patients for condylomata. Eighteen patients had 20 procedures for abscesses, 50 percent of whom had positive cultures for other than common bowel flora; all improved. Fourteen patients underwent 33 procedures for perianal fistulas.Mycobacterium fortuitum was cultured from one patient who required 13 procedures for abscesses and fistulas. Forty-five (96 percent) patients were followed for an average of 12.5 months ±2.9 SEM (range, 1–94 months). Symptoms were improved or resolved in 22 of 32 (69 percent) patients with positive cultures and in 11 of 13 (84 percent) with negative cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Specific pathogens may often be identified in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with anorectal disorders if aggressively sought. Although patients without specific pathogens identified may be expected to improve with planned empiric treatment, positive identification allows more directed therapy.