低密度脂蛋白胆固醇对绝经前、后正常女性骨密度影响初探

目的观察血清低密度脂蛋白胆固醇对绝经前、后正常女性骨密度的影响。方法用常规酶法测定血清低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C);用双能X线吸收法(DXA)骨密度仪测定腰椎前后位总体(L1-4)、左侧髋部总体(T-hip)、股骨大转子区(Troch)、股骨颈(FN)和Ward’s三角区骨密度(BMD)。结果低密度脂蛋白胆固醇与绝经前女性骨密度无关,与绝经后女性大转子区和髋部总体BMD无关,校正年龄和BMI后LDL-C与绝经前女性BMD无关,与绝经后女性髋部总体骨密度正相关。结论低密度脂蛋白胆固醇对绝经前女性骨密度无影响,对绝经后女性髋部总体骨密度可能有正性影响。     

青春期女生全身骨量与体成分相关分析研究

目的分析青春期女孩骨量和体成分之间的关系,为促进青春期骨骼的发育提供科学依据。方法用双能X线吸收仪(DEXA)测定北京市郊区163名女生(平均年龄为13.5岁)骨矿物含量(BMC)、骨密度(BMD)和体成分,计算体脂百分比(PBF),测定身高体重并计算BMI。结果全身骨矿物含量平均为1928.9g,全身BMD平均为0.797g/cm2,肌肉组织重平均为31.5kg,体脂百分比平均为29.7%。体重、BMI、肌肉组织重与全身骨密度呈高度正相关,相关系数分别高达r=0.760、r=0.680、r=0.739(P<0.01);体脂百分比与全身的BMC和BMD为低度正相关,相关系数分别为r=0.334,r=0.398。结论肌肉组织重可能是影响青春期女孩骨量的重要因素。     

绝经后女性血清脂联素与骨转换生化指标的关系

目的探讨绝经后女性血清脂联素(Adiponectin)与骨转换生化指标的关系。方法用酶联免疫吸附试验测定287名40～80岁健康绝经后女性血清脂联素以及血清骨特异性碱性磷酸酶(Bone alkaline phosphatase,BAP)和Ⅰ型胶原交联氨基末端肽(cross-linked N-telopeptide of type I collagen,NTx);用双能X线骨密度扫描仪(dual energy X-ray absorptiometry,DEXA)测定总体、腰椎正位、总髋部骨、左前臂骨密度(bone mineral density,BMD)以及体脂、瘦体质量;分析它们之间的关系。结果BAP与总体骨密度、腰椎BMD、髋部总体BMD、前臂BMD均呈负相关(r=-0.210、-0.236、-0.223、-0.226,P0.05),校正年龄和体质指数后,相关性都依然存在(r=-0.168、-0.187、-0.169、-0.175,P0.05)。NTx与总体BMD、腰椎BMD、髋部总体BMD、前臂BMD均呈负相关(r=-0.238、-0.232、-0.239、-0.221,P0.05),校正年龄和体质指数后,相关性都依然存在(r=-0.201、-0.189、-0.193、-0.185,P0.05)。脂联素与BAP、NTx均呈正相关(r=0.202、0.215,P0.05),校正年龄和体脂后,相关性都依然存在(r=0.169、0.183,P0.05)。脂联素与BAP以二次方程模型拟合程度最好,其最大决定系数(R2)为0.055;脂联素与NTx以二次方程模型拟合程度最好,其最大决定系数(R2)为0.089。绝经后骨质疏松(postmenopausal osteoporosis,PMO)女性血清脂联素水平较年龄相匹配的正常对照组增高(P0.05)。结论血清脂联素水平与骨转换生化指标呈正相关,提示脂联素可能为新型骨转换预测因子。     

肥胖男童骨矿物质含量及瘦体重的研究

目的 了解以体脂含量增加为特点的肥胖儿童骨矿物质含量、骨密度及瘦体重有何变化。方法 应用体块指数（BMI）诊断的肥胖组及对年龄、身高进行一一配对的正常组儿童各17例,年龄7－13岁,测定其骨矿物质含量（BMC）、骨密度（BMD）及瘦体重（LM）,观察二组间的差异,再用体脂含量百分比（F％）来重新诊断这34名儿童,观察肥胖组与对照组间上述指标的差异,并应用多因素分析肥胖与骨矿物质含量之间的关系。结果 应用 BMI为诊断标准时肥胖组与对照组间的BMC、BMD、LM有显著差异。改用F％为诊断标准后,肥胖儿童与正常儿童间的BMC、BMD差别消失,LM之间的差别也减小,多因素分析结果：体脂含量、肥胖与BMC无关。结论 若以体脂含量增加来定义肥胖儿童、其骨矿物质含量、骨密度与正常儿童相比无差别,瘦体重差别也不大,单纯体脂含量的增加并不能引起骨矿物质含量的改变。     

双能X线骨密度仪临床应用中值得注意的问题

<正>双能X线骨密度仪自1987年首次应用于临床以来,其硬件与软件得到飞速发展,现已成为临床上最有效的骨密度(BMD)测量仪器.我所为完成国家九五攻关课题“原发性骨质疏松症防治药物的研究”,于1996年购进Hologic QDR-4500A型第四代扇形束双能X线骨密度仪,目前己完成2500多人次的BMD检测.这里我们把临床应用中值得注意的问题做一小结,供同行们参考.     

神经性厌食青少年女性血清网膜素-1与骨密度的关系

目的探讨神经性厌食青少年女性血清网膜素-1(Omentin-1)浓度与骨密度（BMD）的关系。方法采用酶联免疫吸附试验（ELISA）测定26例神经性厌食症年轻女性及24例正常对照女性的Omentin-1、雌激素、脂联素（adiponectin）、瘦素（leptin）,应用双能X线骨扫描仪（DEXA）测定全身总体骨密度、腰椎和髋部骨密度及体成分。结果（1）神经性厌食症少女的Omentin-1浓度较正常对照女性（P<0.01）,雌激素、leptin浓度较正常对照女性低（P<0.01）,adiponectin浓度较正常对照女性无差异（P>0.05）;（2）Omentin-1、Adiponectin与全身总体骨密度、腰椎和髋部骨密度负相关（r= -0.659, -0.675, -0.697;r= -0.351,-0.338,-0.353（P均<0.05））。leptin浓度与全身总体骨密度、腰椎和髋部骨密度正相关（r=0.858,0.863,0.875（P均<0.01））;（3）在多元线性回归分析中,Omentin-1、BMI、瘦体重是受试人群BMD的独立预测因子。结论Omentin-1是神经性厌食的青春期患者骨密度的独立预测因子。     

绝经后女性血清脂肪因子瘦素、抵抗素、内脂素及Apelin与骨转换生化指标的关系

目的探讨绝经后女性血清脂肪因子瘦素(Leptin)、抵抗素(Resistin)、内脂素(Visfatin)及Apelin与骨转换生化指标的关系。方法酶联免疫吸附试验测定287名40～80岁健康绝经后女性血清Leptin、Resistin、Visfatin和Ape-lin,以及血清骨特异性碱性磷酸酶(Bonealk aline phosphatase,BAP)和Ⅰ型胶原交联氨基末端肽(cross-linked N-telopep-tide of type I collagen,NTx);用双能X线骨密度扫描仪(dual energy X-ray absorptiometry,DEXA)测定总体、腰椎正位、左前臂、总髋部骨密度(bone mineral density,BMD)以及体脂、瘦体质量;以方差分析、直线相关(Pearson)分析它们之间的关系。结果BAP与总体BMD、腰椎BMD、髋部总体BMD、前臂BMD均呈负相关(r=-0.210、-0.236、-0.223、-0.226,P0.05),校正年龄和BMI后,相关性都依然存在(r=-0.168、-0.187、-0.169、-0.175,P0.05)。NTx与总体BMD、腰椎BMD、髋部总体BMD、前臂BMD均呈负相关(r=-0.238、-0.232、-0.239、-0.221,P0.05),校正年龄和BMI后,相关性依然存在(r=-0.201、-0.189、-0.193、-0.185,P0.05)。Leptin、Resistin、Visfatin、Aplein与BAP、NTx相关差异均无统计学意义。绝经后骨质疏松女性与健康对照组间血清Leptin、Resistin、Visfatin、Apelin水平差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论Leptin、Resistin、Visfatin及Apelin不是骨代谢的关键调控因子。     

长沙农村中老年妇女骨密度调查

目的 调查长沙农村中老年妇女不同骨骼部位与年龄相关的骨密度(BMD)和骨质疏松(OP)的患病率。方法 用DXA QDR4500A型扇形柬骨密度仪测量627例40～85岁女性腰椎后位和仰卧倒位、髋部及前臂的BMD，结果 (1)75～85岁组与40岁～组比较，总的骨丢失率以Word区最显著，前臂中远1／3最少(2)40岁以上腰椎侧位骨质疏松检出率最高，其次是前臂和Word区、股骨颈和大转子最低；(3)至少有一个骨骼区域的BMD值达到OP标准的发生率随年龄的增加逐渐增加。结论农村女性40岁以后骨密度的变化及OP发生率与其他职业40岁以上的女性相似。随年龄的增长OP患病率也不同。     

女中学生全身骨密度与肌肉、脂肪的相关性分析

目的分析女中学生全身骨密度与肌肉、脂肪的相关性。方法选取健康女中学生48名,采用双能X线骨密度仪(DXA)及生物电阻抗法(BIA)测量全身骨密度、骨矿含量(BMC)、肌肉含量(LM)、脂肪含量(FM),分析全身骨密度与肌肉、脂肪的相关性。结果用DXA及BIA测得48名女中学生的脂肪含量百分比(FM%)、LM比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05),FM与BMC比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。48名女中学生全身骨密度与体质量、体质指数(BMI)、LM均呈正相关性(P0.05),与FM无相关性(P0.05)。13岁和14岁女中学生全身骨密度与体质量、LM无相关性,15~17岁女中学生全身骨密度与体质量、LM均呈正相关;各年龄段女中学生全身骨密度与FM均无相关性。结论女中学生全身骨密度与体质量、BMI呈正相关,其中起主要作用的是肌肉组织,与脂肪组织关系不大。青春期女性应加强营养,注意体育锻炼,增加肌肉含量及瘦体质量,促进骨骼发育,积累更高的峰值骨量。     

双能X线吸收测量法测量学龄前儿童体成分的研究

目的 :　通过对 50名正常学龄前儿童体成分测定 ,评价其营养状况和生长发育水平。方法 :　采用双能 X线吸收测量法 ( dual- energy X- ray absorptionmetry,DXA)测量全身及各部位的体成分。结果 :　学龄前儿童全身的骨矿物质含量 ( BMC)、骨密度 ( BMD)、体脂肪含量( FTM)、体脂百分含量 ( % BF)、瘦体组织含量 ( LTM)分别为 :( 4 63.3± 80 .9) g、( 0 .69± 0 .0 4 ) g/cm2 、( 391 7.1± 1 2 81 .6) g、( 2 1 .8± 4.9) %、( 1 3391 .4± 1 82 3.8) g;BMC、LTM均随着年龄的增加而相应增加 ;男童全身 BMD和 LTM显著高于女童 ;女童的全身 FTM、躯体脂肪含量与下肢脂肪含量的比值 ( Ft/1)、躯体脂肪含量与上肢脂肪含量比值 ( Ft/a)均显著高于男童。结论 :　DXA法可用于小儿生长发育和营养状况评价。     

Body Weight and Body Image

HEALTH ISSUE: Body weight is of physical and psychological importance to Canadian women; it is associated with health status, physical activity, body image, and self-esteem. Although the problems associated with overweight and obesity are indeed serious, there are also problems connected to being underweight. Weight prejudice and the dieting industry intensify body image concerns for Canadian women and can have a major negative impact on self-esteem. KEY FINDINGS: Women have lower BMIs than men, a lower incidence of being overweight and a higher incidence of being underweight. However, women across all weight categories are more dissatisfied with their bodies. Sixty percent of women are inactive, and women with a BMI of 27 or higher are more likely to be inactive than women with lower BMIs. The data show that women are aware of the health benefits of exercise, but there is a gap between knowledge and practice. When asked about barriers to health improvement, 39.7% of women cited lack of time and 39.2% lack of willpower. DATA GAPS AND RECOMMENDATIONS: Weight prejudice must be made unacceptable and positive body image should be encouraged and diversity valued. Health policies should encourage healthy eating and healthy activity. Health curricula for young students should include information about healthy eating, active lifestyle, and self-esteem. Physical activities that mothers can participate in with their families should be encouraged. Research should be funded to elucidate the most effective methods of getting women to become and remain physically active without focusing on appearance.     

体检市场面临"体检"

“体检市场的发展方向非常重要, 一旦大家把它做砸了,这个市场也就慢慢萎缩了。”     

Body Deviation-from-Match

Abstract

This study considers the impact of body or texture elements on perception of food and wine match. Hypothesized relationships were tested using mixed tasting and sequential tasting methods. Deviation-from-match measures were used for assessments of mixed body-to-body match, sequential body-to-body match, and sequential fattiness-to-tannin match. Results indicated that sequential assessments of body-to-body match provided a significant predictor of overall match but this relationship was not as strong a predictor as the mixed assessment of body-to-body match. The predictability of overall match was substantially improved when sequential body-to-body and sequential fattiness-to-tannin measures were combined. Discussion provides a greater understanding of food body interactions due to protein type and cooking method.     

Body Time

Abstract

Venous thromboembolism is a common medical problem that can affect a wide range of patients. The clinical presentation ranges from minor, nonspecific signs and symptoms to severe clinical scenarios. The combination of objective pretest clinical probability, D-dimer testing, and imaging studies plays a critical role in its diagnosis. There are multiple imaging modalities to confirm or exclude the presence of pulmonary embolism and deep vein thrombosis, but, at present, computed tomography angiography is the most frequently used. Other imaging, however, is required for several subpopulations.     

成年人去脂组织重、体脂含量与体重、身高和体围的关系

生物电阻抗法 (bioelectrical impedanceanalysis,BIA)用于人体组成成分分析的准确性已得到肯定 [1 ,2 ] 。本次对 95 5例健康成年人运用 BIA法测量去脂组织重、体脂量及常规方法测量体重、身高、上臂围、腰围、臀围 ,并探讨它们之间的关系。旨在建立更简单实用的计算去脂组织重和体脂含量的方法 ,应用于临床评价。1　材　料　与　方　法1 .1　对象　　挑选 1 0 0 5名健康查体人员 [3]中的 95 5人进行了 BIA法体脂测量 ,其中男性 3 92人 ,女性 5 63人。按年龄分为两组 ,年龄 1 8～ 45岁为 5 84人 ,年龄 46～ 74岁为 3 71人。均为汉族健…     

My Body, My Body Parts, My Property?

This paper challenges the view, commonly held inbiolaw and bioethics, that there can be no proprietaryrights in our own bodies or body parts. Whether thestarting point is the post-intervention informedconsent regime of Article 22 of the Convention ofHuman Rights and Biomedicine or the traditional(exclusionary) understanding of private property it isargued that property in our own bodies or body partsis presupposed. Although these arguments do notdemonstrate that there is property of this kind (forthat, a full-scale justification of the institution ofprivate property would be required), they suggestnevertheless that the commonly held view has animmanent property logic that has not yet been drawnout or appreciated.