共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
2.
表观遗传学(epigenetics)是研究不涉及DNA序列改变的基因表达和基因调控的可遗传因素,探索从基因到表型变化的一门新学科.它将传统的遗传学和环境因素相结合,也将遗传信息和复杂的生命活动相关联,使人们从一个全新的角度研究生命现象. 相似文献
3.
《中华临床医师杂志(电子版)》2016,(18)
肿瘤是目前危害人类最主要的疾病之一,是一类与基因有关的遗传性疾病,在肿瘤发生、演进过程中常伴随有表观遗传学的改变,如:DNA甲基化、组蛋白修饰、染色质重塑、非编码RNA等表观遗传学的改变。表观遗传改变不仅可以作为肿瘤早期诊断的标志,也可能成为肿瘤防治的新靶点。本文对目前表观遗传学研究现状进行综述,阐述表观遗传学在肿瘤中的作用。 相似文献
4.
2012年的全球肿瘤发病率和死亡率调查结果显示,每年全球约有1 270万人被诊断为肿瘤患者,因肿瘤去世的人超过750万[1]。目前,肿瘤的发生、发展机制已成为科学研究的热点。研究表明,肿瘤发生是一个涉及遗传和表观遗传改变的多步骤过程,正常细胞的恶性转化常与表观遗传改变相关联。因此,现认为肿瘤是由遗传和表观遗传共同调控的疾病[2]。表观遗传是指在DNA序列不发生改变的情况下,基 相似文献
5.
表观遗传学是研究不涉及DNA序列改变的基因表达和调控的可遗传修饰,即探索从基因演绎为表型的过程和机制的一门新兴学科。近年来诸多证据显示,表观遗传学改变在淋巴系统肿瘤发生发展过程中起重要作用。例如,近期多个实验室的资料显示,参与许多重要分子信号通路的基因在急性淋巴细胞白血病中是表观抑制的;一组甲基化标志可被用作慢性淋巴细胞白血病患者额外的危险分层因素;基于表观遗传学甲基化谱研究中间性(灰区)B细胞淋巴瘤类别划分模型;多发性骨髓瘤中mciroRNA介导的表观遗传学沉默与P53功能联系密切;表观遗传修饰治疗赋予免疫治疗更广的内涵,其可能是极富潜力的免疫治疗策略之一。本文就淋巴系统肿瘤中表观遗传学改变的最新研究进展及通过干预表观遗传修饰治疗的相关研究和应用前景做一综述。 相似文献
6.
7.
8.
《中国疼痛医学杂志》2015,(11)
偏头痛是一种常见的,可致残的慢性神经血管疾病。我国偏头痛的年患病率高达9.3%。偏头痛的病理生理机制仍未完全阐明,是遗传与环境多种因素共同作用的结果。表观遗传学机制将环境因素和遗传因素联系起来,在偏头痛的发病中起重要作用。本文将对近年来表观遗传学与偏头痛关系的研究及其未来前景进行综述。 相似文献
9.
《中华实用诊断与治疗杂志》2016,(5)
心血管疾病是环境与遗传因素共同影响的复杂疾病,DNA密码决定其是否发病。全基因组关联研究结果发现,存在于编码序列中的遗传密码并非心血管疾病的全部影响因素,隐藏在非编码序列中的遗传机制更能说明环境因素对心血管疾病的影响。在不改变DNA编码序列和染色质结构前提下对基因表达进行调控的机制被称为表观遗传学,主要包括DNA甲基化和羟甲基化、组蛋白修饰和RNA相关机制。本文就表观遗传学在心血管疾病研究中的重要性、表观遗传学的基本机制及其在心血管疾病诊断和治疗中的应用进展作一综述。 相似文献
10.
神经胶质瘤是颅内最常见的一种恶性肿瘤,它的发生、发展与表观遗传修饰密切相关.本文着重介绍了近年来神经胶质瘤发生、发展过程中DNA甲基化异常、miRNA表达异常、组蛋白修饰异常三种主要的表观遗传修饰方式的研究进展.由于表观遗传修饰引起的改变可以通过药物逆转,本文进而探讨了基于表观遗传修饰机制的潜在药物治疗神经胶质瘤的前景... 相似文献
11.
12.
13.
15.
Gender differences in susceptibility to complex disease such as asthma, diabetes, lupus, autism and major depression, among numerous other disorders, represent one of the hallmarks of non‐Mendelian biology. It has been generally accepted that endocrinological differences are involved in the sexual dimorphism of complex disease; however, specific molecular mechanisms of such hormonal effects have not been elucidated yet. This paper will review evidence that sex hormone action may be mediated via gene‐specific epigenetic modifications of DNA and histones. The epigenetic modifications can explain sex effects at DNA sequence polymorphisms and haplotypes identified in gender‐stratified genetic linkage and association studies. Hormone‐induced DNA methylation and histone modification changes at specific gene regulatory regions may increase or reduce the risk of a disease. The epigenetic interpretation of sexual dimorphism fits well into the epigenetic theory of complex disease, which argues for the primary pathogenic role of inherited and/or acquired epigenetic misregulation rather than DNA sequence variation. The new experimental strategies, especially the high throughput microarray‐based epigenetic profiling, can be used for testing the epigenetic hypothesis of gender effects in complex diseases. 相似文献
16.
Gender differences in susceptibility to complex disease such as asthma, diabetes, lupus, autism and major depression, among numerous other disorders, represent one of the hallmarks of non-Mendelian biology. It has been generally accepted that endocrinological differences are involved in the sexual dimorphism of complex disease; however, specific molecular mechanisms of such hormonal effects have not been elucidated yet. This paper will review evidence that sex hormone action may be mediated via gene-specific epigenetic modifications of DNA and histones. The epigenetic modifications can explain sex effects at DNA sequence polymorphisms and haplotypes identified in gender-stratified genetic linkage and association studies. Hormone-induced DNA methylation and histone modification changes at specific gene regulatory regions may increase or reduce the risk of a disease. The epigenetic interpretation of sexual dimorphism fits well into the epigenetic theory of complex disease, which argues for the primary pathogenic role of inherited and/or acquired epigenetic misregulation rather than DNA sequence variation. The new experimental strategies, especially the high throughput microarray-based epigenetic profiling, can be used for testing the epigenetic hypothesis of gender effects in complex diseases. 相似文献
17.
18.
《Expert review of cardiovascular therapy》2013,11(11):1455-1457
Patent foramen ovale has been suggested to be a risk factor for cryptogenic stroke by means of paradoxical embolism. The data, however, are complex, conflicting and largely unavailable. In this review, we attempt to summarize the existing data separately for the questions of whether patent foramen ovale is associated with cryptogenic stroke and whether it is a risk factor for a first ischemic stroke and for recurrent strokes. Treatment options will be discussed, and the different viewpoints from the two specialists mainly involved in the care of those complex patients (neurologists and cardiologists) will be provided. 相似文献
19.
表观遗传学是研究可遗传的、基因DNA序列不发生改变的基因表达调控的一门新学科.近年来,诸多研究结果均表明,表观遗传学异常改变在恶性血液病的发生、发展过程中起着十分重要的作用.相关基因异常甲基化是骨髓增生异常综合征(MDS)发生、发展的重要因素之一,并且与MDS患者的预后相关;微小RNA (miRNA)的异常甲基化与急性髓细胞白血病(AML)相关;zeste基因增强子同源物(EZH)2基因通过突变、缺失或过表达,甲基化下游靶基因调控其转录水平,从而与淋巴瘤等多种恶性血液病相关.针对表观遗传学异常改变的治疗方案给恶性血液病的免疫治疗赋予更广的内涵.笔者拟就表观遗传学异常改变在恶性血液病中的最薪研究进展,以及针对表观遗传学异常改变的免疫治疗方案的相关研究与应用前景进行综述. 相似文献