Augmentative Ilizarov external fixation after failure of diaphyseal union with intramedullary nailing

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the use of the Ilizarov circular fixator and nail retention in treating diaphyseal nonunion following previous intramedullary nailing. DESIGN: Retrospectively reviewed, consecutive series. Mean duration of follow-up after achieving bone union: 19.2 months (range 6 to 33 months). SETTING: A tertiary referral center for nonunion surgery. PATIENTS: Nine patients (two femoral, three tibial, and four humeral nonunions) were included in the study. All patients were referred from other centers after failure to achieve union with intramedullary nailing. Patients who had nonunion with other fixation devices in situ, those with active infection and nonunion following nonoperative treatment, were excluded from the study. The patients had undergone an average of 2.4 operations (range 1 to 5 operations) before application of the Ilizarov fixator. All patients completed the study. INTERVENTION: The circular fixator was used to compress the nonunion site from without, retaining the intramedullary nail in each case. We excluded a patient who had his nonunion site explored followed by bone excision and transport. The mean duration of fixator treatment was 6.2 months (3 to 11 months). MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS: Clinical and x-ray evidence of bone union, infection, residual deformity, shortening, and assessment of functional outcome. RESULTS: Bone union was achieved in all nine patients using the circular fixator over the nail. The bone results were graded as six excellent, one good, and two fair. All patients reported a reduction in pain and satisfaction with their final outcome. CONCLUSIONS: There is a role for the use of the Ilizarov fixator with nail retention in resistant long bone diaphyseal nonunion in carefully selected patients. This method can achieve high union rates where other treatment methods have failed.     

股骨重建髓内钉内固定与经皮注射自体红骨髓治疗股骨粗隆下骨不连

目的：采用股骨重建髓内钉内固定与经皮注射 自体红骨髓治疗股骨粗隆下骨不连。材料与方法：共９例,平均年龄５２岁,以往平均手术次数２次,骨折后时间平均２年６个月。方法：用股骨重建髓内钉静力型固定骨折端。取自体髂骨植骨。术后７ｄ,１４ｄ,抽取自体红骨髓,注射于骨折端。结果：所有病例在５－１０个月愈合。结论：上述方法可提供坚强地内固定,又可补充成骨基质和成骨前质细胞,是治疗股骨股骨粗隆下骨不连的较好方法。     

髓外固定辅助双植骨治疗股骨转子下骨折髓内固定术后骨不连

目的探讨髓外固定股骨近端接骨板(PFP)及锁定加压接骨板(LCP)辅助双植骨头钉孔道内松质骨、异体骨混合打压植骨及骨不连断端结构植骨治疗股骨转子下骨折髓内固定术后骨不连的手术技巧和临床疗效。方法回顾性分析2018年1月至2018年12月期间西安交通大学附属红会医院创伤骨科下肢病区收治且完整随访的21例股骨转子下骨折髓内固定术后骨不连患者资料。男15例,女6例;平均年龄为52.3岁(27~65岁)。骨不连类型:萎缩型18例,缺血型3例。患者骨不连手术与骨折初次手术的时间间隔平均为10.3个月(9~13个月),骨折手术均采用髓内固定(PFNA):闭合复位10例,切开复位11例(其中钢丝捆扎8例)。骨不连均采用髓外固定(PFP+LCP)辅助双植骨(头钉孔道内松质骨、异体骨混合打压植骨+骨不连断端结构植骨)治疗。术后12个月采用Harris评分评估髋关节功能。结果21例患者术后获平均11.4个月(10~12个月)随访。所有患者术后骨不连均获愈合,平均愈合时间为5.2个月(4~6个月)。1例患者术后出现皮下血肿,再次行清创术。术后12个月Harris髋关节评分平均为85.7分(84~92分)。结论PFP接骨板能够有效纠正内翻畸形并坚强固定,LCP接骨板+皮质骨结构植骨能够提供内侧力学支撑,松质骨+异体骨混合打压植骨能够有效增加头钉孔道内骨量,增加近端螺钉的把持力。该方法可以极大地提高骨折愈合率,减少并发症的发生,且能获得较好的髋关节功能。     

钢板系统治疗髓内固定失败的股骨无菌性骨不连疗效观察

目的探讨保留髓内钉添加锁定钢板治疗股骨骨折髓内钉固定失败术后无菌性骨不连的疗效。 方法回顾性分析2010年1月至2015年1月新疆自治区人民医院骨科中心收治的因髓内钉固定失败而造成的股骨无菌性骨不连的患者18例,其中男性10例,女性8例;年龄35~75岁,平均（49±5）岁;骨不连时间6~34个月,平均（17.6±2.3）个月。所有病例均采用保留原髓内钉添加锁定钢板固定联合自体髂骨骨移植术进行治疗,观察患者术后下地活动时间、骨折愈合时间、术后并发症等。 结果18例患者均获得随访,随访时间6~20个月,平均（12.0±1.4）个月。骨不连均愈合,愈合时间5~14个月,平均（8.3±1.6）个月。1例出现切口表面感染,经治疗后痊愈;患者术后VAS评分由（6.0±1.3）分降至（2.0±1.4）分,差异有统计学意义（t=7.312,P<0.05）,术前及末次随访Johner-wruch评分优良率差异有统计学意义（χ²=28.000,P<0.05）。所有患者无畸形愈合。 结论锁定钢板联合自体髂骨植骨治疗股骨干骨折髓内钉固定术后无菌性骨不连疗效确切、可靠,可用于股骨干骨折髓内钉固定术后的无菌性骨不连。     

附加钢板治疗髓内钉固定后股骨肥大性骨不连

目的:探讨附加钢板治疗髓内钉固定后股骨肥大性骨不连的安全性和有效性。方法:自1998年4月至2008年6月,应用附加钢板治疗9例髓内钉固定后股骨肥大性骨不连,男8例,女1例;年龄21～54岁,平均32岁。1例为股骨上1/3,5例为股骨中1/3,3例为股骨下1/3。采用4～6孔钛合金限制接触性窄动力接骨板,4～6枚皮质骨螺钉固定。6例骨不连间隙大于5mm,4例采用单纯髂骨植骨,2例固骼生和髂骨混合植骨。3例小于5mm,1例植入固骼生,2例将修整的骨痂重新植入。术后保护性负重防止主钉断裂失效,逐渐恢复术前活动水平,术后1、3、6、12个月临床与影像学随诊。结果:6例取髂骨植骨或固骼生混合植骨患者,手术时间60～120min,出血量100～300ml;另3例单纯植入固骼生或骨痂植入患者,手术时间40～100min,出血量60～100ml。供骨区疼痛4例,3例1个月内缓解,1例3个月后缓解,无感染、钢板螺钉松动、断裂等。平均愈合时间8个月,5例术后6～11个月取出髓内钉和钢板。结论:附加钢板有效改善局部旋转不稳定,是治疗髓内钉固定后股骨肥大性骨不连的有效方法之一。     

股骨近端骨折髓内钉术后感染性骨不连的手术治疗

目的:探讨改良Ⅰ期手术治疗股骨近端骨折髓内钉术后感染性骨不连的方法和疗效。方法 :2010年6月至2015年6月采用改良Ⅰ期清创修复的手术方法治疗股骨近端骨折髓内钉术后感染性骨不连患者10例,其中男9例,女1例;年龄35~77岁。单纯股骨转子间骨折3例,股骨转子间合并股骨近端骨折2例,股骨转子下骨折5例。在彻底清创的基础上以股骨近端LISS钢板重新固定骨折端,用吻合血管游离腓骨移植加混有抗生素人工骨的自体松质骨植骨修复大段骨缺损,术后及早开始不负重关节功能锻炼。结果:所有患者获得随访,时间9~30个月。10例患者骨折均顺利愈合,随访期间无内固定断裂失效及感染复发病例,完全负重时间12~28周。末次随访采用Sanders创伤后髋关节评分标准评估术后髋关节功能:优7例,良2例,差1例。结论:改良Ⅰ期分次清创游离腓骨移植加载抗生素人工骨混合自体骨植骨LISS钢板固定的方法治疗股骨近端骨折髓内钉术后感染性骨不连,骨折愈合率高,髋关节功能恢复满意。在彻底清创的基础上综合运用控制感染与改善骨折愈合条件的各项措施是手术取得成功的关键。     

Intramedullary nailing of femoral shaft fractures. Ten years' experience.

In 236 intramedullary nailings of femoral shaft fractures there was a 2 per cent deep infection rate, and a 7 per cent nonunion rate; 87 per cent had good primary healing; 42 per cent had further surgery after the initial nailing (two-thirds for removal of the nail). Statistical analysis of the data does not support the view that delayed internal fixation results in less nonunions. The 55 femurs nailed in the first 3 days had a nonunion rate of 11 per cent, as opposed to a 7 per cent postinjury rate for the entire series, a statistically significant increase in nonunions with the Vesely-Street nail. Intramedullary nailing has the following advantages over treatment with traction: shorter hospital stay; better knee motion; less angulation, and less shortening.     

更换髓内钉与保留髓内钉附加钢板治疗髓内钉固定后股骨肥大性骨不连

 目的 探讨更换髓内钉与保留髓内钉附加钢板治疗髓内钉固定后股骨肥大性骨不连的手术适应证。方法 1998年 4月至 2009年 6月收治髓内钉固定后股骨肥大性骨不连患者 20例,11例更换髓内钉,9例保留髓内钉附加钢板固定。两组患者性别、年龄、合并伤、骨折部位、骨折类型的差异无统计学意义。通过术后 1、2、3、4、6、12个月及以后每年 1次影像学和临床功能随访,观察骨痂生长情况和患肢功能。结果两组随访时间、手术时间、术中出血量、术后引流血量、住院时间、影像学愈合时间、临床愈合时间和美国矫形外科医师学会下肢功能评分均无统计学差异。更换髓内钉组住院费用多于保留髓内钉附加钢板组(t'=16.4,P=0.013)。更换髓内钉组 4例未获得骨性愈合,其中 2例为股骨下 1/3骨折,1例为狭部 B型骨折,1例为 32-A3型骨折。再次手术,其中 3例采用髂骨植骨保留髓内钉附加钢板固定,1例行动力化。保留髓内钉附加钢板组全部获得骨性愈合。两组愈合率的差异有统计学意义(χ²= 6.01,P=0.008)。结论 更换髓内钉只适用于股骨狭部肥大性骨不连。对干骺端骨不连、伴有大蝶形游离骨块、骨缺损及更换髓内钉失败病例可采用保留髓内钉附加钢板固定。     

The diaphyseal aseptic tibial nonunions after failed previous treatment options managed with the reamed intramedullary locking nail

BackgroundThe nonunion of open and closed tibial shaft fractures continues to be a common complication of fractures. Tibial nonunions constitute the majority of long bone nonunions seen by orthopaedic surgeons. In this article, we present our approach to the surgical treatment of noninfected tibial shaft nonunions.MethodsBetween 2008 and 2014, 33 patients with aseptic diaphyseal tibial nonunion was treated by reamed intramedullary nailing and were retrospectively reviewed. The initial fracture management consisted of external fixation (27 patients), plate fixation (2 patients) and cast treatment (4 patients). All patients, preoperatively, were evaluated for the signs of the infection, by the same protocol. There were 13 hypertrophic, 16 oligotrophic (atrophic) and 4 defect nonunions registered in our material. The primary goal was to perform a closed intramedullary nailing on antegrade manner. An open procedure was only unavoidable when implants had to be removed or an osteotomy had to be performed to improve the alignment. Functional rehabilitation was encouraged with the assistance of a physiotherapist early postoperative. Patients were examined regularly during followed-up for a minimum of 12 months period for clinical and radiological signs of union, infection, malunion, malalignment, limb shortening, and implant failure.ResultsThe time that elapsed from injury to intramedullary nailing ranged from 9 months to 48 months (mean 17 months).Open intramedullary nailing was unavoidable in 25 cases (75,75%), while closed nailing was performed in 8 patients (24,25%). Osteotomy or resection of the fibula was performed in 78,8% of the cases. All patients were followed up in average period of 2 years postoperative (range 1–4 years), and 31(93,9%) patients achieved a solid union within the first 8 months. Mean union time was 5±0.8 months. Complications included 2 (6,06%) patients, one with deep infection and another case with absence of bone healing. Anatomical alignment has been achieved in the majority of patients, 28 patients (84,8%). The additionally autogenous bone chips were added in 4 patients (12,1%) where cortical defect was greater than 50% of the bone circumference.ConclusionIn conclusion, a reamed intramedullary nail provides optimal conditions for stable fixation, good rotational control, adequate alignment, early weight-bearing and a high union rate of tibial non-unions. Reaming of the medullary canal with preservation of periosteal sleeve create the "breeding ground" for sound healing of tibial shaft nonunions. Additionally cancellous bone grafting is recommended only in the case of defect nonunion.     

Ilizarov compression over a nail for aseptic femoral nonunions that have failed exchange nailing: a report of five cases

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate a new operative treatment of femoral nonunion following failed exchange nailing. DESIGN: Retrospective review, consecutive series.SETTING Office-based orthopaedic practice. PATIENTS: Five consecutive patients (ages 31-67 years) were referred in with a femoral nonunion following exchange nailing an average of 28 months (range 11-55) after the initial traumatic injury. The patients had undergone an average of 5 (range 2-8) previous surgeries on the femur. No patient had signs or history of bone infection or segmental bone loss at presentation. All patients had diaphyseal or diaphyseal-metaphyseal oligotrophic nonunions and had failed an average of 2 (range 1-3) previous exchange nailings. INTERVENTION: Slow compression (0.25 to 0.50 mm per day) of the nonunion site over a new, smaller diameter nail using an Ilizarov external fixator. MAIN OUTCOMES MEASUREMENTS: Clinical and radiographic evidence of bone union, ambulation, pain, residual deformity, or shortening. RESULTS: All nonunions healed without the need for further nonunion surgery. The external fixator was removed at an average of 133 days (range 86-238 days). No deep infections occurred in any patient. All patients experienced some degree of pin site irritation. At the most recent follow-up (average 45 months; range 12-75 months), all patients had improved their functional ambulatory status and had discontinued or decreased the use of assistive devices to walk. All patients were full weight bearing. Average pain, as rated on a 0 to 10 Visual Analogue Scale, decreased from 8 of 10 before treatment to 1 of 10 after treatment. No patient experienced a clinically significant worsening of leg length discrepancy. CONCLUSIONS: Slow compression over an intramedullary nail using external fixation successfully promotes the healing of problematic femoral nonunions that have failed one or more prior exchange nailings.     

Surgical treatment of the aseptic femoral shaft nonunion

Femoral shaft nonunions is difficult complication and a big challenge for the orthopaedic surgeons. These complications occur after open femoral fractures, comminuted fractures, segmental fractures, the infection, after the inadequate fixed osteosynthesis, the systemic disease, and smokers. The paper presents the results of treatment aseptic femoral shaft nonunion in 18 patients. They were primarily operated by the method of internal compresive plate fixation and external fixation (open fractures). For fixation we used dinamic internal fixator by Mitkovic. All nonunions treated by this method are healed. In patients with atrophic femoral shaft nonunions in addition to fixation was performed and bone grafting. This implant has proved successful in the treatment of femoral shaft nonunion. During the fixation no periostal and intramedullary vascularization damage, which is an important prerequisite for bone healing. Implant enables biological and mechanical conditions for nonunion healing.     

Antibiotic cement-coated interlocking nail for the treatment of infected nonunions and segmental bone defects

Chronic infection of bone with nonunion and/or bone defects is traditionally treated by a 2-stage procedure involving initial debridement and antibiotic delivery and then definitive internal fixation. Alternatively, external fixators are used to provide stability. A technique with which antibiotic cement-coated interlocking intramedullary nails are prepared in the operating room with the use of nails and materials that generally are available is herein described. Although useful for all infected nonunions and/or segmental bone defects, this technique is particularly useful for patients who are not ideal candidates for external fixation and for those who do not want to have an external fixator applied. This technique was used in a series of 20 patients. In 17 patients, the goal of bony union was achieved (85%). In the remaining 3 patients (15%), the goal of control of infection was achieved with stable nonunion (1 patient) and stable nonunion with cement spacer (2 patients). In 95% of the patients (19 of 20 patients) control of infection was achieved except for in 1 patient, who had a bony union with intermittent wound discharge and subsequently underwent an above-the-knee amputation. Three patients (15%) needed exchange nailing to another antibiotic cement-coated nail (for continued infection) before complete control of infection could be achieved. Four patients (20%) experienced cement-nail debonding during removal of the antibiotic cement-coated nail (3 during exchange to an uncoated intramedullary nail, 1 during removal at the request of patient). One patient experienced partial debonding at insertion, coinciding with the site of segmental defect, which was treated with an antibiotic cement spacer. In summary, control of infection and stability to promote union has traditionally been provided by 2 separate procedures, which have proved to be efficacious in the past. However, both these goals can be achieved in half the patients with 1 surgical procedure in a variety of scenarios using the technique of an antibiotic cement-coated intramedullary nail.     

Ipsilateral femoral neck and shaft fractures: complications and their treatment

An ipsilateral femoral neck fracture occurs in approximately 6% to 9% of all femoral shaft fractures. Despite this relatively common presentation, decision-making often is difficult. Furthermore, the risk for complications is greater in the treatment of this combination injury pattern than for single-level fractures. A retrospective review of the authors' large trauma database revealed 13 patients who had healing complications develop after their index surgical procedure. Six of the eight (75%) femoral neck nonunions occurring in these 13 patients developed after the use of a second generation, reconstruction-type intramedullary nail. Factors contributing to nonunion of the femoral shaft were the presence of an open fracture, use of an unreamed, small diameter intramedullary nail, and prolonged delay to weightbearing. The femoral neck nonunions healed after either valgus intertrochanteric osteotomy (seven patients) or compression hip screw fixation (one patient). The femoral shaft nonunion proved more difficult than expected to treat with some patients with femoral shaft nonunions requiring more than one operative procedure to achieve union. Lag screw fixation of the femoral neck fracture and reamed intramedullary nailing for shaft fracture stabilization were associated with the fewest complications. Therefore, this approach is recommended as the treatment of choice.     

带锁髓内钉治疗股骨骨不连

目的：分析股骨骨不连原因,观察带锁髓内钉治疗股骨骨不连的临床效果。方法：2001年1月至2009年1月,采用带锁髓内钉治疗31例股骨骨不连,男19例,女12例;年龄18～73岁,平均32.5岁。其中骨不连发生在股骨干24例,股骨远端7例。股骨干骨不连采用标准带锁髓内钉治疗,股骨远端骨不连采用股骨髁上带锁髓内钉治疗。一般行切开带锁髓内钉固定及自体骨移植,所有病例均使用扩髓技术。结果：31例全部获得随访,时间14～72个月,平均23个月。30例获骨性愈合,愈合时间3～6个月,平均4.6个月;另1例髓内钉固定后再次给予植骨后愈合。髋关节功能全部正常,术后1年膝关节行HSS评分平均为（89.97±5.21）分。结论：采用带锁髓内钉治疗股骨骨不连具有固定可靠,稳定性好的优点,有利于肢体、关节早期功能锻炼。扩髓结合自体骨移植可获良好临床效果。     

局部肌瓣转移和自体红骨髓注射治疗胫骨骨折骨不连

目的报告局部转移肌瓣和注射自体红骨髓治疗胫骨骨折不连接的效果。方法对15例伤后10～42个月,平均22个月仍不连接的胫骨骨折实施切开复位、带锁髓内钉固定、髂骨植骨和局部转移肌瓣覆盖,术后12～15d局部注射自体红骨髓治疗。结果随访表明所有病例骨折均得到连接,术后3～11个月(平均4.8个月)愈合,除2例术后出现切口皮缘小块坏死经换药愈合外,创口均一期愈合,没有发生感染和内固定失败。结论在稳固内固定和植骨以外,局部转移肌瓣和注射自体红骨髓治疗胫骨骨折不愈合能取得满意疗效。     

股骨干骨折术后内固定失效原因分析

目的探讨股骨干骨折术后内固定失效的原因,以利于更好地指导临床治疗。方法股骨干骨折内固定失效后均出现骨不连,其中肥大型骨不连12例,萎缩型骨不连4例,感染性骨不连2例。1例取出内固定,选择单髋石膏外固定;2例感染性骨不连采用AO外固定架固定;15例更换髓内钉固定。结果本组手术时间60~160 min,平均90 min;术中输红细胞400~600 ml,平均440 ml。18例均获得随访14~26个月,平均18个月。末次随访时采用膝关节功能HSS评分评定疗效：优10例,良6例,可1例,差1例。疗效差的1例因反复感染,骨折仍未愈合。结论股骨干骨折术后内固定失效的原因：1内固定选择失误或钢板未放置张力侧;2骨折合并骨缺损,未一期植骨;3骨折部位血液循环损伤严重导致骨折愈合时间延长,进而内固定疲劳失效;4术后早期负重或不恰当的功能锻炼。     

锁定钢板辅助固定治疗股骨髓内钉术后骨不连

目的 :探讨有限切开应用锁定钢板辅助髓内钉治疗股骨干髓内钉术后骨不连的临床疗效。方法 :回顾性分析2006年1月至2015年12月采用有限切开方式锁定钢板辅助固定治疗的40例股骨骨折髓内钉固定术后骨不连患者的临床资料,其中男22例,女18例;年龄21~60岁,平均(35.0±2.2)岁。骨不连时间为9~24个月,平均(14.1±1.5)个月。观察患者的手术时间、术中出血量、住院时间、并发症、骨折愈合时间、膝关节功能恢复情况,并采用Evanich评分标准对其临床疗效进行评价。结果:40例患者均获随访,时间12~24个月,平均(15.2±2.7)个月。手术时间105.1~130.2 min,平均(112.5±10.2)min;术中出血量207.0~250.2 ml,平均(220.6±14.7)ml;住院时间10~15 d,平均(12.2±1.5)d。患者在附加钢板固定术后4~12个月获得骨性愈合,平均愈合时间(6.2±1.9)个月。术后未出现内植物失效、感染等并发症。根据膝关节Evanich评分:总分83.2±5.6,优22例,良17例,中1例。结论:股骨干髓内钉术后出现骨不连应用有限切开锁定钢板辅助原有髓内钉固定疗效显著,增加了骨折端的稳定性,为骨痂生长提供了稳定的环境,治愈率高,术后创伤小,并发症少,可以尽早功能锻炼,促进膝关节功能恢复良好。     

Effect of reaming bone grafting on treating femoral shaft aseptic nonunion after plating

Rigid intramdullary nailing with cancellous bone grafting provided by intramedullary reaming was prospectively used to treat femoral shaft aseptic nonunions after plating. Indications for this technique were a femoral shaft nonunion with an inserted plate, no previous infection sign in the treatment course, less than 1.5 cm shortening, and no segmental bony defects. After the plate was removed, a flexible guidewire was inserted antegradely. The local wound was closed, and intramedullary reaming was done as widely as possible until some resistance to it occurred. Finally, a rigid intramedullary nail was inserted. Twenty-four consecutive patients were treated with this regimen, and 21 were followed-up for at least 1 year (range 1–5 years). All 21 nonunions healed with a union rate of 100% (21/21). The time to union was 4.5 ± 1.0 months. There were no significant complications. We conclude that for indicated cases, reaming bone grafting is a very effective technique and avoided donor site morbidity. Therefore, whenever possible, this technique could be considered first. Received: 2 October 1998     

Kompressionsmarknagelung bei Pseudarthrosen

There are many reasons for delayed union or nonunion in fracture healing. Hypertrophic nonunion following conservative fracture treatment has become rare, while delayed union is quite frequently caused by extensive soft tissue injury, bone loss, deficient blood supply to bone fragments, and inadequate stability of the primary internal fixation. Reamed intramedullary nailing of nonunion is well established since Küntscher pointed out that reaming of the medullary canal caused formation of periostal new bone. The use of interlocking compression nails in the treatment of nonunions of the femur, the tibia and the humerus yields better stability at the fracture site than conventional interlocking nailing. The compression nail combines the advantages of the compression screws used in plating and the benefits of intramedullary reaming of the nonunion and allows immediate full weight bearing on the lower extremity. Interlocking compression nailing for nonunions of the humerus has been followed by a high incidence of failure. Operative treatment of nonunions requires an exact analysis of the causality.     

单臂外固定架治疗胫骨骨不连临床疗效分析

目的:探讨单臂外固定架治疗带锁髓内钉术后胫骨骨不连的临床疗效。方法:带锁髓内钉术后胫骨骨不连患者47例,男40例,女7例;年龄22～61岁,平均37.5岁;带锁髓内钉固定时间11～26个月;胫骨中上段骨折11例,中下段36例。先按原切口取出带锁髓内钉,选择合适的切口修整骨折端硬化骨,行腓骨斜行截骨植骨,全部采用单臂外固定支架固定并髂骨植骨治疗。结果:47例均获随访,时间12～36个月。44例骨折愈合;2例再次出现骨不连,经单纯植骨加压外固定治疗愈合;1例感染并骨不连,控制感染后采用管形石膏加植骨治疗后愈合。术后并发骨筋膜室综合征3例,踝关节僵直11例,患肢不等长6例。结论:单臂外固定架治疗胫骨骨不连,方法简单,固定可靠,减少患者痛苦。