C_4烃类在H-ZSM-5分子筛催化剂上的芳构化

本文为综合利用C_4烃类以扩大芳烃来源探索了新的途径。研究了H-ZSM-5分子筛催化剂的制备条件对C_4烃类芳构化催化效率的影响,以及反应条件对反应产物分布的效应。对C_4烃类在H-ZSM-5分子筛催化剂上的芳构化反应过程进行了初步探讨,并对催化剂的稳定性和再生性能作了初步考察。试验结果表明:分离掉丁二烯后的混合C_4烃类可用作制备芳烃的原料;在常压和反应温度为500～550℃,重量空速为1～1.7(小时)~(-1)条件下,液态烃收率为47～52%(重)。其中总芳烃含量达97～98%,C_6～C_8芳烃占91～93%。尾气主要由CH_4、C_2H_4、C_2H_6和C_3H_8所组成。已失活的催化剂经通空气再生后,活性能完全恢复。     

丙烷在ZSM-5催化剂上的芳构化反应

研究了在HZSM-5及其Zn改性的催化剂上、在不同反应条件下、丙烷芳构化反应的活性和选择性。试验结果表明,锌改性后的Zn-ZSM-5催化剂与HZSM-5相比,在同样的反应条件下,可提高丙烷转化率与芳烃选择性。在520℃,丙烷重量空速为0.74h~(-1)条件下,在Zn-ZSM-5上丙烷转化率达94.3%,芳烃收率达50.4%。实验中还应用TPD技术以NH_3为吸附质研究了Zn-ZSM-5催化剂表面酸性的改变对其活性和选择性的影响。     

裂解汽油在ZSM-5沸石上的芳构化

采用连续流动反应装置,考察了裂解汽油在HZSM-5与金属元素改性的HZSM-5上的芳构化反应,发现锌改性后提高了液体产物中芳烃的收率。为了克服裂解汽油中含硫含焦杂质的影响,提出了获取芳烃的有效工艺:蒸馏除焦-加氢预脱硫-氢气氛下芳构化反应-冷凝产物。用氨吸附的程序升温脱附法,将催化剂的酸性质与其催化芳构化作用进行关联,认为Zn改性后的HZSM-5催化剂具有较温和的酸中心,可能是其芳构化高活性与高选择性的原因。     

降低催化裂化汽油烯烃过程中操作条件对汽油组成的影响

考察了使用降烯烃催化剂GOR—Q和使用常规催化剂MLC-500时操作条件对催化汽油组成和催化汽油研究法辛烷值的影响。结果表明：GOR—Q催化剂具有明显减少催化汽油烯烃(主要为小分子烯烃)含量的效果。操作条件对催化汽油烯烃、芳烃和异构烷烃含量产生较大影响。对于降烯烃催化剂GOR—Q，控制反应温度520℃以下、剂油比(m(催化剂)：m(原料油))不小于7时有利于降低催化汽油烯烃含量，但在反应温度为500～520℃，剂油比从5增加到8时，催化汽油研究法辛烷值降低了1．1～1．7个单位。     

Zr(SO4)2/ZSM-38固体酸催化剂的制备及其催化性能

以分子筛ZSM-38为载体,采用浸渍法制备了负载锆基催化剂,将其应用于催化乙酸乙酯的合成.FT-IR、XRD表征及实验结果表明,负载Zr(SO4)2后的催化剂与载体ZSM-38相比具有更多的L酸中心,硫酸锆以非晶态形式高度分散在分子筛表面,表现出了较高的催化性能.当Zr(SO4)2负载量为30％(质量分数),焙烧温度为200℃,乙醇与乙酸的物质的量的比为3∶1,催化剂用量为乙酸质量的4.8％,反应时间2h条件下,乙酸转化率可达89.6％,乙酸乙酯的选择性接近100％.     

HZSM-5分子筛催化剂用于丙烯齐聚反应

以HZSM-5分子筛为催化剂,研究了常压下丙烯齐聚生成高辛烷值汽油组分的反应。结果表明:该反应较佳的工艺条件为320℃。重量空速为3～6h~(-1)。随着Na-ZSM-5钠交换度的增加,其比表面及酸中心都增加,从而使反应活性提高。残钠量小于0.01(wt)%时,其活性趋向稳定。氨的程序升温脱附实验表明:HZSM-5催化剂上同时存在着强、弱两类酸性中心,它们对反应均有催化作用。通过吡啶吸附的红外光谱分析,发现B酸中心比L酸中心更容易结焦,而催化剂后期的活性是由L酸提供的。     

石油减压二线馏分及其加氢产物中饱和烃和轻芳烃的色谱-质谱分析

胜利减二线馏分油及其加氢反应产物,经SiO_2/Al_2O_3双吸附剂柱色谱预分离为四个馏分:饱和烃、轻芳烃、中芳烃、重芳烃及胶质。采用色谱-质谱联用法分析其中饱和烃和轻芳烃的组成。借助于计算机谱库检索及质量色谱法,复杂化合物迅速得到鉴定:饱和烃由C_(15)～C_(33)的烷烃组成,加氢反应后烷烃分布中最高峰向低碳数转移三个碳;轻芳烃馏分由C_1～C_(27)的烷基苯、烷基萘、烷基联苯、烷基茚、烷基芴等系列化合物组成,加氢反应后芳烃大多变为饱和,同时侧链烷基缩短为C_1～C_8;部分稠环芳烃加氢后进入轻芳烃馏分。     

改性Mo/HZSM-5在甲烷无氧芳构化反应中的性能

硅铝摩尔比(nSi/nAl)不同的HZSM-5(Hydrogen Zeolite Socony Mobile-Five)制备的催化剂在甲烷无氧芳构化反应中的性能不同。实验表明:nSi/nAl=40的Mo/HZSM-5在苯选择性、稳定性和苯生成速率等方面均优于其他硅铝摩尔比的催化剂;同时,对载体改性可以提高催化剂在甲烷无氧芳构化反应中的性能。对比不同的改性方法发现,先碱处理再酸处理改性的wMo=0.03的Mo/HZSM-5较其他催化剂具有更好的催化性能,改性后的催化剂具有更好的稳定性以及使反应具有更高的苯选择性和苯生成速率。     

氮杂环卡宾钯配合物催化合成含联苯类及异黄酮类化合物中药活性成分的研究

目的 通过氮杂环卡宾钯催化的Suzuki-Miyaura偶联反应,合成一系列联苯类化合物及异黄酮类化合物.方法 将设计合成的氮杂环卡宾钯配合物作为催化剂,以芳基硼酸、卤代芳烃为底物,分别考察催化剂用量、反应溶剂和碱等影响因素,确定最优反应条件,在最优条件下催化合成含联苯类及异黄酮类化合物中药活性成分,分离纯化得到目标产物.结果 设计合成了1个氮杂环卡宾钯配合物,将它作为催化剂,筛选出了催化Suzuki-Miyaura偶联反应的最优条件:以氮杂环卡宾钯配合物(0.001 mmoL)作催化剂,无水乙醇为溶剂,K3PO4(1.5 mmoL)为碱,反应温度为80℃,反应时间为4h,在空气中直接反应.在最优条件下,催化合成了7个联苯类化合物及7个异黄酮类化合物,结构均通过MS、1H NMR和13C NMR进行了表征.结论 本文设计合成的氮杂环卡宾钯配合物催化活性高,合成条件温和,后处理操作简单.本研究对含联苯类和异黄酮类化合物中药活性成分的全合成、半合成或者结构修饰具有一定的参考价值.     

环戊烯水合制备环戊醇

以耐高温强酸性阳离子交换树脂为催化剂，进行环戊烯水合制备环戊醇的反应，在高压釜内考察了反应工艺条件。结果表明：在催化剂用量为30g、反应温度130～140℃、水：环戊烯=5．5～6．5：1(mol：mol)、搅拌速度600r／min、反应时间为4h、苯酚：环戊烯=1：1(m：m)的条件下，环戊烯的转化率达到25．7％，环戊醇的选择性在93%左右。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.