沈阳市2008年中国戒烟竞赛大众参赛者情况分析

目的：了解沈阳市参加戒烟竞赛的大众参赛者情况,探讨适宜的组织动员方法。方法：对符合竞赛要求的参赛者的基本情况和烟草使用状况进行统计分析。结果：以军人、农民及在校学生的参赛人数最少,其他劳动者、办事人员、单位负责人、离退休人员的参赛人数相对较多。结论：加大重点行业人群的宣传力度,开展有效的宣传和教育,并积极探索适宜、有效的戒烟方法,为戒烟提供尽可能多的技术支持。     

沈阳市2008年中国戒烟竞赛医务人员组参赛者情况分析

目的：了解沈阳市参加戒烟竞赛的医务人员情况,探讨适宜的组织动员方法。方法：对符合参赛要求的竞赛者的基本情况和烟草使用状况进行统计分析。结果：医学院在校生、卫生行政人员参赛较少;参赛者开始吸烟年龄有提前趋势;吸烟量随烟龄的增长而增多。结论：健康教育与行政干预相结合,营造良好的控烟环境。在健康教育的基础上制定严格的规章制度,用行政干预的手段来保证控烟活动,营造良好的控烟环境。     

2008年中国戒烟大赛贵州黎阳赛区随访结果分析

世界卫生组织（WHOW）指出,烟草的使用与死亡和疾病的流行高度相关,是导致人们失能和早死的主要原因。我国每年近100万人死于与吸烟有关疾病,吸用烟草将会导致多系统疾病。为促进吸烟者戒烟,减少与吸烟有关疾病的发生,芬兰国家公共卫生研究所发起了国际戒烟竞赛,它是一个旨在通过积极的奖励来鼓励人们戒烟的国际戒烟项目,是由多国合作并参与的一种具有低成本高效益的国际控烟活动,得到了全球的广泛关注。     

拉萨地区330名参加戒烟竞赛人员情况分析

吸烟危害是当今世界一个严重的公共卫生问题，世界卫生组织（WHO）已将吸烟列为全球性流行病，并确认烟草是目前对人类健康的最大威胁。吸烟作为一种不良嗜好，它可以引起高血压、冠心病、脑卒中、肺癌等多种疾病。本次国际戒烟竞赛是一个旨在通过奖励来促使大众戒烟的国际戒烟项目。为了解2006年国际戒烟竞赛拉萨参加者的戒烟效果，探讨影响戒烟成功的相关因素，为有关部门制定相应的戒烟措施提供参考，我们在拉萨地区组织动员406人报名参赛，经筛选报名合格为330人，合格率为81．30％。     

伐尼克兰戒烟研究进展

伐尼克兰作为一种专门针对成人戒烟的处方药在中国上市已经8年有余。临床实践中伐尼克兰戒烟的有效性已经得到广泛肯定,对其安全性的研究,近年也取得了更深入的发展,在新研究成果的支撑之下,欧美已先后取消伐尼克兰安全警告标签。本文综述了伐尼克兰戒烟有效性及安全性的相关文献,以期澄清用药疑虑,促进合理用药,提高戒烟成功率。     

215名部队机关干部吸烟状况调查分析

为进一步在全区部队开展戒烟、控烟活动，我们于1997年3月对我区机关干部吸烟状况进行了调查。现将结果报告如下。     

义马市2004年碘缺乏监测结果分析

义马市是缺碘地区,几十年来,经过地方病防治人员的艰辛努力,达到了国家基本消除碘缺乏病标准。对如何实现可持续性消除碘缺乏病,我市坚持采取以食用碘盐为主的综合性防治措施,及时了解居民碘营养状况以及碘缺乏病病情,为此2004年6月～2004年8月,对全市的8～10岁学生进行了一次抽样调查,现将结果报告如下：     

戒烟药物与技术进展

目的:通过检索综述戒烟药物和技术的最新进展,为戒烟产品的开发和应用提供支持。方法:检索国内外相关的科技期刊和戒烟产品的最新动向。结果:戒烟药物和戒烟技术呈现多元化的发展方向,其中主流技术是尼古丁替代疗法,化学药、中药、疫苗和针灸各具潜力和特色。结论:戒烟药物和技术必须体现顺应性,并防止复吸现象的发生。     

吸烟人群戒烟意愿与戒烟尝试现况调查

目的了解郑州市吸烟人群戒烟意愿和戒烟尝试的现状。方法应用流行病学现况调查方法,采用多阶段与规模成正比的容量比例抽样方法获得调查对象,在调查员的帮助下,吸烟人群自填问卷的方式调查。结果本次调查的394名吸烟者中,有戒烟意愿的人数为173人,占44．8％;有过戒烟尝试的人数为159,占40．5％。不同人口学特征的吸烟人群的戒烟尝试和戒烟意愿无明显不同;单因素分析发现：家中有吸烟限制（X^2=13．084,P=0．001）、工作单位有限制吸烟规定（X^2=29．904,P=0．000）、单位室内张贴禁烟标识（X^2=22．407,P9=0．000）均会促使吸烟者产生戒烟意愿,而工作单位有限制吸烟规定（X^2=13．214,P=0．001）、单位室内张贴禁烟标识（X^2=18．958,P=0．000）、个人压力过大（X^2=13．511,P=0．000）的吸烟者有更多的尝试戒烟。结论通过家人督促,家中限制吸烟、单位限制吸烟、张贴禁烟标识等方式,可以很好地提高郑州市吸烟者戒烟意愿和戒烟尝试的产生,亦可鼓励吸烟者多次尝试戒烟,以提高戒烟率。     

Relationships between Mood around Slip-Up and Recovery of Abstinence in Smoking Cessation Attempts

Data are presented from 201 slip-up episodes in attempts at smoking cessation. Analysis as a function of whether the person recovered and resumed abstinence broadly confirmed previous findings. Emotions immediately before and after the slip-up episode were assessed, as were feelings about having slipped-up. Feeling bad prior to the slip-up cigarette was associated with reduced recovery. By contrast, reporting that the slip-up cigarette made the person feel worse was associated with increased recovery. Feeling bad about slipping-up was not associated with relapse, contrary to predictions from Marlatt and Gordon's theorizing about the Abstinence Violation Effect.     

A Qualitative Study of the Difficulties of Smoking Cessation; Health Care Professionals'' and Smokers'' Pints of View

AbstractObjective: To obtain a deeper understanding of smokers' feelings and to establish co-operative networking groups,the opinions about smoking cessation of health careprofessionals and smokers were studied.Design: Focus group discussions were held in order to gainideas and tools to be used in smoking cessation work, inparticular in network groups. Two focus group discussions forhealth care professionals (n = 7) and one focus groupdiscussion for ex-smokers/smokers (n = 3) were held.Results: The study suggests that problems exist in smokingcessation work among health care professionals. The mainissues among the health care professionals were lack ofmotivation and consistency of approach. Informationconcerning the health risk related to smoking no longerreaches people. New ways of health promotion are desired.Smokers feel that lack of positive support and nicotinedependence are the main problems in their attempts to quit.Conclusions: Society and smokers have the same goal:smoking cessation. However, both parties do not seem toagree on ways of achieving this goal. A local network amonghealth care professionals could motivate and give rise to newmethods of smoking cessation counselling. Positive supportand nicotine replacement therapy could significantlyimprove smokers' success rates. Trained personnel havebetter opportunities for meeting smokers and that is whycessation should be part of the core curriculum and basictraining for health care professionals.     

认知疗法对不同文化程度慢性阻塞性肺病患者戒烟效果的影响

目的：观察认知疗法对慢性阻塞性肺病（ COPD）患者戒烟效果的影响。方法2010-2012年在或曾在本院住院并且诊断为COPD的老年吸烟患者370例,将患者随机分为两组,干预组和对照组各185例,各组再按照文化程度差异分为小学及以下组、中学组、专科及以上三组,干预组予认知疗法＋药物治疗,对照组仅予药物治疗,入组1年后对两组患者戒烟成功率及焦虑表现进行比较。结果1年后干预组4例失访,3例死亡;对照组6例失访,4例死亡。小学及以下戒烟成功率低于中学、专科及以上,差异有统计学意义（ P﹤0.05）。入组时干预组焦虑自评量表（SAS）评分为（60.50±1.25）分,对照组 SAS 评分（60.64±1.36）分,两组比较差异无统计学意义（ P ﹥0.05）;1年后干预组SAS评分（50.85±1.16）分,对照组（60.79±1.42）分,两组比较差异有统计学意义（ P﹤0.05）。结论认知疗法可有效增加中学及以上文化水平COPD患者的戒烟成功率。     

培美曲塞联合顺铂对吸烟与不吸烟晚期肺腺癌患者的临床疗效观察

目的观察吸烟对肺腺癌患者培美曲塞联合顺铂治疗疗效的影响。方法分析2010年2月-2012年2月徐州医学院附属医院肿瘤科收治的83例经病理学或细胞学确诊的初治ⅢB、Ⅳ期肺腺癌患者。吸烟组33例,不吸烟组50例,初治采用培美曲塞联合顺铂方案（培美曲塞500 mg·m^-2第1天静脉滴注,顺铂30 mg·m^-2第1-3天静脉滴注）化疗,21天为1个周期,每治疗两个周期后评价疗效,直至病情进展。近期疗效评价指标为疾病控制率（DCR）,远期疗效评价指标为疾病进展时间（TTP）和1年生存率,毒副反应评价指标为骨髓抑制毒性、消化道反应等。结果吸烟组与不吸烟组DCR分别为60.6%和76.0%;TTP分别为（5.7±1.6）月和（6.7±1.8）月,1年生存率分别为24.24%和46.0%。两组DCR比较（χ2=2.238,P=0.135）,差异无统计学意义,TTP（t=2.55,P=0.013）及1年生存率（χ2=4.022,P=0.045）的差异有统计学意义。吸烟组与不吸烟组骨髓抑制毒性、消化道反应、口腔炎/咽炎、感染发生率的差异均无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论不吸烟晚期肺腺癌患者一线应用培美曲塞治疗较吸烟患者可有更明显的远期获益。     

创新集成与我国医药企业竞争战略研究

目的 :为我国医药企业制定切实可行的竞争战略提供参考。方法 :立足于我国医药企业 ,对其主要外部环境进行了充分详细的分析 ,又深刻地剖析了我国医药企业的现状。结果与结论 :我国医药企业在市场竞争中既有有利的条件 ,又有不利的因素。为此 ,我国医药企业只有进行科技创新、管理创新、组织创新、地域创新和市场创新的创新集成 ,才能立于不败之地     

Feasibility,Safety, and Efficacy of the Combination of ??-Serine and Computerized Cognitive Retraining in Schizophrenia: An International Collaborative Pilot Study

The combination of pharmacotherapy and cognitive retraining (CRT) for the cognitive deficits of schizophrenia may be more efficacious than either approach alone, but this has not yet been tested. This study evaluated the feasibility, safety, tolerability, and efficacy of 12 weeks of 𝒟-serine, combined with CRT in the treatment of cognitive deficits in schizophrenia at two academic sites in parallel, in India and the United States. In a randomized, partial double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group design, 104 schizophrenia subjects (US site=22, Indian site=82) were randomized to: (1) 𝒟-serine (30 mg/kg)+CRT (5 h/week), (2) 𝒟-serine+control CRT, (3) CRT+placebo 𝒟-serine, and (4) placebo+control CRT. Completion rates were 84 and 100% in the Indian and US samples, respectively. On various outcome measures of safety and tolerability, the interventions were well tolerated. 𝒟-Serine and CRT did not show any significant effect on the Global Cognitive Index, although both interventions showed differential site effects on individual test performance. CRT resulted in a significant improvement in Verbal Working Memory, and a trend toward improvement in Attention/Vigilance. This is the first study to demonstrating the feasibility, safety, and tolerability of combination pharmacotherapy and CRT in a multicenter international clinical trial. These preliminary findings provide support for future studies using higher doses of 𝒟-serine that have been shown to be efficacious or other pharmacotherapies, along with the newer cognitive remediation strategies that are individualized and that target basic information processing.     

The Impact of Gabapentin Administration on Brain GABA and Glutamate Concentrations: A 7T 1H-MRS Study

Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and glutamate are implicated in numerous neuropsychiatric and substance abuse conditions, but their spectral overlap with other resonances makes them a challenge to quantify in humans. Gabapentin, marketed for the treatment of seizures and neuropathic pain, has been shown to increase in vivo GABA concentration in the brain of both rodents and humans. Gabapentin effects on glutamate are not known. We conducted a gabapentin (900 mg) challenge in healthy human subjects to confirm and explore its effects on GABA and glutamate concentrations, respectively, and to test the ability of single voxel localized proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (¹H-MRS) to reliably measure GABA and glutamate in the visual cortex at the ultra-high magnetic field of 7 Tesla. Reproducibility of GABA and glutamate measurements was determined in a comparison group without drug twice within day and 2 weeks apart. Although GABA concentration changes were small both within day (average 5.6%) and between day (average 4.8%), gabapentin administration was associated with an average increase in GABA concentration of 55.7% (6.9–91.0%). Importantly, drug-induced change in GABA levels was inversely correlated to the individual''s baseline GABA level (R²=0.72). Mean glutamate concentrations did not change significantly with or without drug administration. In conclusion, localized ¹H-MRS at 7 Tesla can be successfully applied to the measurement of GABA concentration and is sensitive to acute drug-induced changes in cortical GABA. Whether baseline GABA concentrations predict clinical efficacy of gabapentin is an area worthy of exploration.     

Family-Based Study of AVPR1B Association and Interaction with Stressful Life Events on Depression and Anxiety in Suicide Attempts

The cortisol response to psychosocial stress may become dysregulated in stress-related disorders. It is potentiated by pituitary secretion of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), which is, in part, regulated by arginine vasopressin receptor-1B (AVPR1B). AVPR1B variants were previously reported to associate with mood and anxiety disorders. This study aims, for the first time, to investigate association of AVPR1B genetic variants with mood and anxiety outcomes in suicidal behavior.Using a family-based study design of 660 complete nuclear family trios with offspring who have made a suicide attempt (SA), we tested the direct association and linkage of AVPR1B single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with SA, as well as with depression and anxiety in SA. Main findings were the association and linkage of AVPR1B exon 1 SNP rs33990840 and a major 6-SNP haplotype representative of all common AVPR1B-SNPs, on the outcome of high Beck Depression Inventory scores in SA. By contrast, genetic associations with lifetime diagnoses of depression and anxiety in SA or gene–environment interactions between AVPR1B variants and stressful life events (SLEs) were not significant. An exploratory screen of interactions between AVPR1B and CRHR1 (corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor-1), the principal pituitary regulator of ACTH secretion, showed no support for gene–gene interactions on the studied outcomes. The results suggest that AVPR1B genetic variation, eg, non-synonymous SNP rs33990840 mediating putative consequences on ligand binding, has a role in SA etiology characterized by elevated depression symptoms, without involving AVPR1B-moderation of SLEs.     

Development of innovative paclitaxel-loaded small PLGA nanoparticles: Study of their antiproliferative activity and their molecular interactions on prostatic cancer cells

Taxanes, including paclitaxel, are anti-cancer drugs approved for the treatment of prostate cancer but which have limited clinical application due to their hydrophobicity, their low therapeutic index and the emergence of chemoresistance. These side effects may be avoided through the use of new drug delivery systems such as nanoparticles, and paclitaxel-loaded PLGA nanoparticles up to 200 nm in size have shown encouraging results. As it is known that size affects the tissular penetration and distribution of tumors via the enhanced permeability and retention effect, so nanoparticles smaller than 100 nm are potentially interesting vehicles for improving paclitaxel delivery and efficacy.