晚期糖基化终末产物受体在特发性肺纤维化中的研究进展

由于病因不明，特发性肺纤维化(idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, IPF)缺乏有效的干预措施。晚期糖基化终末产物受体(receptor for advanced glycation end products, RAGE)是免疫球蛋白受体超家族的成员，在肺脏中表达最多，有助于维持肺组织的动态稳定。其参与糖尿病肾纤维化和肝纤维化已有证明，多项研究也表明，RAGE与IPF有关。本文就RAGE与IPF的研究进展做一综述，以期为IPF的治疗提供一思路。     

血清中可溶性晚期糖基化终末产物受体(sRAGE)与肺癌的相关性分析

目的分析血清中可溶性晚期糖基化终末产物受体(sRAGE)与肺癌的相关性。方法将辽宁省人民医院2015年5月-2018年12月收治的102例肺癌患者纳入本研究,另将同期到我院体检的100例健康体检者作为对照组,应用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)测定两组血清sRAGE水平,分析肺癌患者与健康对照者血清sRAGE水平差异及血清sRAGE水平与肺癌患者临床病理特征的相关性,并采用受试者工作特征曲线(ROC)评价血清sRAGE在肺癌中的诊断效能。结果 ELISA检测结果显示,肺癌组血清sRAGE水平[(632.56±203.14)ng/L]明显低于健康对照组[(976.02±283.57)ng/L],二者相比差异具有统计学意义(t=9.879,P0.05)。血清sRAGE水平与肺癌患者的分化程度、TNM分期、淋巴转移及远端转移密切相关(P0.05),而与患者的性别、年龄、肿瘤直径及病理分型无明显关系(P0.05)。采用ROC曲线评价血清sRAGE对肺癌的诊断效能,结果显示,ROC曲线下面积为0.851(95%CI:0.620-0.982),筛选其最佳截断点:当sRAGE为503.39 ng/L时,敏感性为91.39%,特异性为81.42%。结论 sRAGE在肺癌患者血清中表达下调,血清sRAGE水平与肺癌患者的分化程度、TNM分期、淋巴转移及远端转移密切相关,血清sRAGE对肺癌的诊断敏感性和特异性较高,提示sRAGE可能与肺癌的发生及恶性程度有关,检测血清sRAGE可能对肺癌早期诊断有一定价值。     

晚期糖基化终末产物与骨质疏松症

骨质疏松的主要表现是低骨量和骨组织微结构退变,其发生的本质在于骨再造过程紊乱即骨吸收超过骨形成。骨吸收与骨形成分别与破骨细胞和成骨细胞的活动直接相关。目前研究发现众多激素、生长因子和细胞因子等参与均衡这两类细胞的数量和活性,影响骨代谢平衡,晚期糖基化终末产物也是目前其中研究较为广泛的因子之一。晚期糖基化终末产物随着年龄增长在体内积聚增多,通过直接或间接的作用导致骨代谢的失衡,出现骨质疏松。     

吡哆胺对动脉粥样硬化兔晚期糖基化终末产物及其受体的影响

目的观察吡哆胺对动脉粥样硬化兔晚期糖基化终末产物(AGEs)及其受体的影响。方法利用高脂饮食法诱导建立兔动脉粥样硬化模型。将新西兰白兔按随机数字表法随机分为正常对照组、动脉硬化组、吡哆胺小剂量组和吡哆胺大剂量组。正常对照组给予普通食物;动脉硬化组给予高脂饮食;吡哆胺小剂量组给予高脂饮食+吡哆胺100 mg/(kg·d);吡哆胺大剂量组给予高脂饮食+吡哆胺150 mg/(kg·d),共观察12周。实验12周末监测所有兔血糖、三酰甘油、总胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C);应用酶联免疫吸附试验法检测血清AGEs水平;观察主动脉病理形态学改变;免疫组化方法检测主动脉AGEs受体(RAGE)含量,并进行各组间的比较。结果实验12周末,(1)与对照组比较,动脉硬化组兔三酰甘油、总胆固醇、LDL-C、HDL-C均明显增高(均P0.01),血糖无明显变化(P0.05);动脉硬化组的血清AGEs水平[(419±29)mg/L)]、动脉RAGE吸光度(0.88±0.14)及斑块面积[(67.4±5.8)%]均较对照组[分别为(141±11)mg/L、(0.19±0.04)及0%]明显增高(均P0.01);(2)与动脉硬化组相比,吡哆胺小剂量组和吡哆胺大剂量组兔三酰甘油、总胆固醇、LDL-C、HDL-C、血糖均无明显变化(均P0.05);吡哆胺小剂量组的血清AGEs水平[(278±22)mg/L]、动脉RAGE吸光度(0.43±0.06)及斑块面积[(43.2±2.4)%]和吡哆胺大剂量组的血清AGEs水平[(211±18)mg/L]、动脉RAGE吸光度(0.27±0.05)及斑块面积[(27.4±2.8)%]均较动脉硬化组明显减少(均P0.01);(3)吡哆胺大剂量组的血清AGEs水平、动脉RAGE吸光度及斑块面积较吡哆胺小剂量组低(均P0.01)。(4)主动脉病理形态学:显微镜下见动脉硬化组动脉内膜增厚,形成明显的粥样斑块;有大量的泡沫细胞聚集及较多的炎性细胞。吡哆胺小剂量组和吡哆胺大剂量组较动脉硬化组均有不同程度的减轻。结论吡哆胺能够抑制、减缓实验性高脂饮食兔的动脉粥样硬化形成,可抑制血清AGES的生成及动脉RAGE的表达。     

晚期糖基化终末产物及其受体与非酒精性脂肪性肝病的关系

晚期糖基化终末产物(AGE)是高血糖的标志物,能通过AGE受体(RAGE)发挥致病作用.研究发现,AGE/RAGE与非酒精性脂肪性肝病(NAFLD)的发展关系密切.AGE能增加肝脏的甘油三酯水平,促进单纯性脂肪肝(SFL)的发生,AGE/RAGE可诱导肝脏炎性反应,促进SFL向非酒精性脂肪性肝炎(NASH)发展,并能通过诱导活性氧簇的合成,活化肝脏星状细胞来引起肝纤维化.     

重症肺炎患者连蛋白和可溶性晚期糖基化终末产物受体与肠道菌群的相关性

目的 探究重症肺炎患者连蛋白(Zonulin)、可溶性晚期糖基化终末产物受体(sRAGE)表达与肠道菌群的相关性。方法 选取泰州市姜堰中医院自2019年1月至2022年6月收治并确诊的80例重症肺炎患者为研究组,另选取同期泰州市姜堰中医院收诊的82例普通肺炎患者为对照组。收集患者一般资料;采用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)检测血清Zonulin、sRAGE水平;采用实时荧光定量聚合酶链反应(q RT-PCR)用于检测肠道菌群数量;采用Pearson法分析Zonulin、sRAGE水平与重症肺炎患者肠道菌群的相关性。根据患者出院后28d内生存情况分为预后不良组和预后良好组。结果 研究组血清中Zonulin、sRAGE水平均明显高于对照组(t=14.293、12.033,P<0.05);研究组双歧杆菌、乳酸杆菌、瘤胃球菌数量均较对照组降低(t=9.139、7.838、5.130,P<0.05),研究组肠球菌、大肠埃希菌、葡萄球菌数量均高于对照组(t=3.397、4.807、3.960,P<0.05);血清Zonulin、sRAGE水平分别与双歧杆菌、乳酸杆菌、瘤胃球菌数量...     

晚期糖基化终末产物与纤维化

晚期糖基化终末产物形成增多是糖尿病的重要特征。目前多个研究显示，其在糖尿病并发症中的发生、发展起了重要作用。晚期糖基化终末产物能促进肾脏、血管、腹膜等组织纤维化。其促纤维化作用可通过直接修饰细胞外基质、促进细胞外基质分泌、促进致纤维化细胞因子的产生、促进间质细胞转化及抑制细胞外基质降解等环节实现。本文对晚期糖基化终末产物的促纤维化作用进行综述。     

晚期糖基化终末产物受体在疾病发展进程中的作用

<正>Toth等〔1,2〕首次在胎牛肺内皮细胞中发现晚期糖基化终末产物受体(RAGE),学者们开始关注RAGE在加剧糖尿病病理损伤过程中的作用。研究者〔1,3⁶〕发现RAGE除与糖尿病及其并发症关系密切外,还参与肿瘤生长、神经系统疾病、心血管疾病、炎性反应等多种病理生理过程。本文将RAGE在各类疾病中的作用做一综述。     

晚期糖基化终末产物及其受体对血管平滑肌细胞作用机制的研究

晚期糖基化终末产物(AGEs)是导致糖尿病心血管并发症的重要影响因素。经过深入研究和探讨,发现AGEs对血管平滑肌细胞(VSMC)的病理生理学作用是其中关键之一。在此过程中,AGEs与存在于VSMC膜表面的受体(RAGE)结合,导致了一系列促炎症和促血栓形成反应。了解其中机制并发现拮抗抑制剂,有助于指导我们临床的预防和治疗。本文就AGEs及RAGE对VSMC作用机制予以综述。     

晚期糖基化终末产物致动脉粥样硬化的机制

晚期糖基化终末产物(advanced glycation end products,AGE)是由还原糖的羰基与游离氨基反应形成的复合物。AGE通过与其受体(RAGE)结合,改变细胞内信号转导、诱导炎症、增强氧化应激;与胶原交联、修饰脂蛋白等损害血管的完整性;这些导致血管内皮细胞功能紊乱,刺激平滑肌细胞迁移增殖,启动及加速糖尿病动脉粥样硬化和血管并发症的发生发展。阻断AGE-RAGE系统对防治糖尿病并发症具有重要意义。     

Elevated levels of serum advanced glycation end products in patients with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Advanced glycation end products (AGE), senescent macroprotein derivatives formed at an accelerated rate in diabetes, play important roles in the pathogenesis of diabetic vascular complications. Recently, AGE have also been found to be involved in insulin resistance. Although non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is generally considered a hepatic manifestation of insulin resistance, there are no reports showing the link of AGE to NASH. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical significance of AGE in patients with NASH. METHODS: Glyceraldehyde-derived AGE levels were assayed from serum obtained from 106 patients: 66 with NASH, 10 with simple steatosis, and 30 controls. RESULTS: Serum glyceraldehyde-derived AGE levels (U/mL) were significantly elevated in NASH patients (9.78 +/- 3.73) compared with simple steatosis (7.17 +/- 2.28, P = 0.018) or healthy controls (6.96 +/- 2.36, P = 0.003). Moreover, these were inversely correlated with adiponectin, an adipocytokine with insulin-sensitizing and anti-inflammatory properties. In addition, immunohistochemistry of glyceraldehyde-derived AGE showed intense staining in the livers of NASH patients. CONCLUSION: The present data suggest that the sustained increase of glyceraldehyde-derived AGE could at least in part contribute to the pathogenesis of NASH. The serum glyceraldehyde-derived AGE level may be a useful biomarker for discriminating NASH from simple steatosis.     

Soluble receptor for advanced glycation end products (sRAGE) is present at high concentrations in the lungs of children and varies with age and the pattern of lung inflammation

Background and objective: The soluble receptor for advanced glycation end products (sRAGE) plays an important role in inflammation. Few studies have looked at sRAGE levels in human lungs, and there is no information in children. Therefore, this study aimed to compare bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and plasma sRAGE concentrations in children in relation to age and inflammation. Methods: BAL was performed in 76 children, and BALF and plasma sRAGE levels were determined by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Results: sRAGE levels were fourfold higher in BALF than in plasma (P < 0.001). BALF sRAGE was inversely proportional to age (r = ?0.333, P = 0.008) and serum immunoglobulin A (r = ?0.283, P = 0.028). Plasma sRAGE showed a positive correlation to the percentage of BAL macrophages and negative correlation to the percentage of neutrophils and lymphocytes (P < 0.05). Multivariate linear regression analysis identified that the percentage of BAL lymphocytes and neutrophils were significant independent predictors of plasma sRAGE levels, while age and the percentage of BAL macrophages independently predicted BALF sRAGE levels. Conclusions: In children, sRAGE is present at higher concentrations in the lung compared with blood. It appears that sRAGE varies with age, and hence future studies of sRAGE in paediatric lung disease require age matching. The significant relationship between sRAGE and lung inflammation warrants further research.     

Association between serum levels of soluble receptor for advanced glycation end products and circulating advanced glycation end products in type 2 diabetes

Aims/hypothesis Activation of the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE, also known as AGE-specific receptor [AGER]) has been implicated in the development of diabetic vascular complications. Blockade of RAGE using a soluble form of the receptor (sRAGE) suppressed vascular hyperpermeability and atherosclerosis in animal models. Since little is known about the regulation of endogenous sRAGE levels, we determined whether serum sRAGE is influenced by circulating AGEs and the severity of nephropathy in type 2 diabetic patients.Materials and methods We recruited 150 healthy control and 318 diabetic subjects. Diabetic subjects were subdivided into those with proteinuria, microalbuminuria or normoalbuminuria. Serum sRAGE was assayed by ELISA and serum AGEs by competitive ELISA using a polyclonal rabbit antiserum raised against AGE-RNase.Results Diabetic subjects had higher sRAGE (1,029.5 pg/ml [766.1–1,423.0] interquartile range vs 1,002.6 [726.5–1,345.3], p<0.05) and AGEs (4.07±1.13, SD, unit/ml vs 3.39±1.05, p<0.01) than controls. Proteinuric subjects had the highest sRAGE levels and there was a significant trend between the severity of nephropathy and sRAGE (p=0.01). In diabetic subjects, serum log(sRAGE) correlated with AGEs (r=0.27, p<0.001), log(plasma creatinine) (r=0.31, p<0.001), log(urine AER) (r=0.24, p<0.01) and log(triglycerides) (r=0.15, p<0.01). On stepwise linear regression analysis, AGEs and creatinine levels were the main independent determinants of sRAGE concentration.Conclusions/interpretation Serum sRAGE levels and circulating AGEs are associated with the severity of nephropathy in type 2 diabetic patients. Prospective studies are required to determine whether endogenous sRAGE potentially influences the development of diabetic vascular complications.     

Correlation between serum advanced glycation end products and dietary intake of advanced glycation end products estimated from home cooking and food frequency questionnaires

Background & aimsTo our knowledge the association between dietary advanced glycation end-products (dAGEs) and cardiometabolic disease is limited. Our aim was to examine the association between dAGEs and serum concentration of carboxymethyl-lysine (CML) or soluble receptor advanced glycation end-products (sRAGEs), and to assess the difference on dAGEs and circulating AGEs according to lifestyle and biochemical measures.Methods and results52 overweight or obese adults diagnosed with type 2 diabetes were included in this cross-sectional analysis. dAGEs were estimated from a Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) or from a FFQ + Home Cooking Frequency Questionnaire (HCFQ). Serum concentrations of CML and sRAGEs were measured by ELISA. Correlation tests were used to analyze the association between dAGEs derived from the FFQ or FFQ + HCFQ and concentrations of CML or sRAGEs. Demographic characteristics, lifestyle factors and biochemical measures were analyzed according to sRAGEs and dAGEs using student t-test and ANCOVA.A significant inverse association was found between serum sRAGEs and dAGEs estimated using the FFQ + HCFQ (r = −0.36, p = 0.010), whereas no association was found for dAGEs derived from the FFQ alone. No association was observed between CML and dAGEs. dAGEs intake estimated from the FFQ + HCFQ was significantly higher among younger and male participants, and in those with higher BMI, higher Hb1Ac levels, longer time with type 2 diabetes, lower adherence to Mediterranean diet, and higher use of culinary techniques that generate more AGEs (all p values p < 0.05).ConclusionsThese results show knowledge on culinary techniques is relevant to derive the association between dAGEs intake and cardiometabolic risk factors.     

Serum levels of low molecular weight advanced glycation end products in diabetic subjects

AIMS: One of the principal theories of the development of diabetic complications proposes that increased levels of advanced glycation end products (AGE) are formed in diabetes by prolonged exposure of proteins, lipids and nucleotides to glucose. Such AGEs may contribute to the development of diabetic complications by a number of mechanisms. Circulating AGEs can be detected in serum, and in the present study, we analysed the clinical correlates of circulating serum low molecular weight AGE (LMW-AGE). METHODS: Serum LMW-AGE was measured in 106 non-diabetic and 499 diabetic subjects using fluorescence spectroscopy. Results were calibrated against an in-house AGE albumin preparation, and expressed as absolute fluorescence units (AFU). RESULTS: Serum LMW-AGE values were significantly higher in diabetic than non-diabetic subjects [median 7.5 (range 0-595.5) vs. 5.3 (1.0-15.5) AFU, P<0.01]. In the normal subjects, there were significant correlations between serum LMW-AGE and age (r=0.42, P<0.01) and serum creatinine (r=0.39, P<0.01). In the diabetic patients, serum LMW-AGE correlated significantly with age (r=0.315, P<0.01), systolic blood pressure (r=0.141, P=0.002), serum creatinine (r=0.449, P<0.01) and urinary albumin/creatinine ratio (ACR) (r=0.265, P<0.01). There was no correlation between serum LMW-AGE and HbA1c. On regression analysis, with serum LMW-AGE as the dependent variable, serum creatinine emerged as the most significant factor (t=8.1, P<0.01), followed by age (t=4.0, P<0.01) and ACR (t=2.9, P=0.004). There was no significant difference in serum LMW-AGE between those with and without retinopathy or in those with vascular disease. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that circulating LMW-AGEs are increased in diabetic subjects. The major determinant appears to be renal dysfunction in the form of raised albumin/creatinine ratio or creatinine. There was no association with other markers of vascular disease or presence of diabetic complications.     

晚期糖基化终产物受体与特发性肺纤维化关系的研究进展

晚期糖基化终产物受体(RAGE)是细胞表面分子中免疫球蛋白超家族成员之一,与多种配体结合,参与调控多条信号通路.目前研究证实:RAGE在特发性肺纤维化的肺组织中表达明显异常,并通过干扰上皮-间充质细胞转换调节细胞外基质的分泌,参与肺纤维化调控.阻断RAGE表达有可能干预肺纤维化进程.深入研究RAGE参与肺纤维化的分子机制,有望为特发性肺纤维化提供新的分子治疗靶点.     

Serum levels of advanced glycation end products and their receptors sRAGE and Galectin-3 in chronic pancreatitis

Background/Objectives: AGE and their receptors like RAGE and Galectin-3 can activate inflammatory pathways and have been associated with chronic inflammatory diseases. Several studies investigated the role of AGE, Galectin-3 and sRAGE in pancreatic diseases, whereas no comprehensive data for chronic pancreatitis (CP) are available.MethodsSerum samples from CP patients without an active inflammatory process (85 ACP; 26 NACP patients) and 40 healthy controls were collected. Levels of AGE, sRAGE and Galectin-3 were measured by ELISA. To exclude potential influences of previously described RAGE SNPs on detected serum levels, we analyzed variants rs207128, rs207060, rs1800625, and rs1800624 by melting curve technique in 378 CP patients and 338 controls.ResultsAGE and Galectin-3 serum levels were significantly elevated in both ACP and NACP patients compared to controls (AGE: 56.61 ± 3.043 vs. 31.71 ± 2.308 ng/mL; p < 0.001; Galectin-3: 16.63 ± 0.6297 vs. 10.81 ± 0.4835 ng/mL; p < 0.001). In contrast, mean serum sRAGE levels were significantly reduced in CP patients compared to controls (sRAGE: 829.7 ± 37.10 vs. 1135 ± 55.74 ng/mL; p < 0.001). All results were consistent after correction for gender, age and diabetes mellitus. No genetic association with CP was found.ConclusionsOur extensive analysis demonstrated the importance of aging related pathways in the pathogenesis of CP. As the results were consistent in ACP and NACP, both entities most likely share common pathomechanisms. Most probably the involved pathways are a general hallmark of an inflammatory state in CP that is even present in symptom-free intervals.     

Advanced glycation end products in the skin are enhanced in COPD

Background

Cigarette smoking is the main cause of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) inducing oxidative stress and local tissue injury, resulting in pulmonary inflammation. Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) are produced by glycation and oxidation processes and their formation is accelerated in inflammatory conditions. In this study we assessed whether AGE accumulation in the skin is elevated in COPD and associates with disease severity.

Methods

202 mild-to-very-severe COPD patients and 83 old (40–75 years) and 110 young (18–40 years) healthy smokers and never-smokers were included. AGEs were measured by skin autofluorescence (SAF). Demographic variables, smoking habits, co-morbidities and lung function values were obtained.

Results

COPD patients (FEV₁ = 55% predicted) had significantly higher SAF values than old and young healthy controls: 2.5 vs. 1.8 and 1.2 (arbitrary units, p < 0.05). No differences in SAF values were found between GOLD stages I-IV (2.4, 2.3, 2.5, 2.5 respectively). Lower function (FEV₁/FVC, MEF₅₀/FVC, RV/TLC) and higher number of packyears were significantly associated with SAF (p < 0.05).

Conclusions

SAF is increased in mild-to-very severe COPD patients compared with healthy controls. Interestingly, SAF was not associated with disease severity as values were comparable between different GOLD stages (stage I-IV) of COPD. This may suggest that AGEs play a role in the induction phase of COPD in susceptible smokers. Future studies should further investigate the mechanisms underlying AGEs formation and accumulation in COPD.