帕瑞昔布钠超前镇痛在老年手术患者中的应用

目的 观察帕瑞昔布钠超前镇痛对于老年患者术后镇痛及镇静效果的影响.方法 择期行腹部手术老年患者60例,ASA Ⅰ -Ⅱ级,随机分为超前镇痛组和术后镇痛组,每组30例;超前镇痛组术前10 min给予帕瑞昔布钠40mg,术后镇痛组关腹时给予帕瑞昔布钠40mg,两组均在手术结束时安装静脉自控镇痛泵.记录术后1、4、8、12、24h的VAS评分、PCA按压次数、术后镇静评分及不良反应.结果 超前镇痛组术后各时间点VAS评分及PCA按压次数均明显低于术后镇痛组(P＜0.05),镇静效果明显优于术后镇痛组(P＜0.05),两组均未发生不良反应.结论 帕瑞昔布钠超前镇痛用于老年患者可有效减少术后疼痛,利于老年患者术后恢复.     

帕瑞昔布钠对老年恶性肿瘤患者术后自控静脉镇痛的影响

目的探讨帕瑞昔布钠对老年恶性肿瘤患者术后舒芬太尼镇痛效果的影响。方法择期在全麻下行肿瘤根治术的患者40例,随机均分为帕瑞昔布钠组(观察组)和生理盐水组(对照组)。观察组麻醉诱导前静注40 mg帕瑞昔布钠(稀释成4 ml),对照组静注生理盐水4 ml,术毕即连接并启动电子静脉镇痛泵。观察两组患者术后1、4、8、12、24 h的视觉疼痛评分法(VAS)疼痛强度评分、Ramsay镇静评分,术后12、24 h舒芬太尼用量、病人自控静脉镇痛(PCIA)有效按压次数及不良反应。结果观察组病人术后1、4、8、12 h VAS评分和4、8、12、24 h PCIA有效按压次数小于对照组(P0.05);观察组病人术后12、24 h舒芬太尼用量显著少于对照组(P0.05);两组Ramsay镇静评分、不良反应发生率差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论静注帕瑞昔布钠40 mg用于老年恶性肿瘤患者术后镇痛既可增强舒芬太尼PCIA的镇痛效应,又可以减少舒芬太尼的用量。     

帕瑞昔布钠超前镇痛对妇科手术患者术后镇痛的影响

目的探讨帕瑞昔布钠用于超前镇痛对妇科手术患者术后镇痛的影响。方法将我院2011年10月—2012年2月妇科腹腔镜手术患者56例随机分为观察组和对照组,各28例。观察组于麻醉诱导前30min静脉给予帕瑞昔布钠40mg,对照组给予0.9%氯化钠溶液4ml,两组其他处理相同。采用视觉模拟评分(VAS)对两组术后2、6、12、24h疼痛情况进行评定,并对其满意度进行调查。结果观察组不同时点VAS评分比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05),术后2、6、12h VAS评分明显低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);术后24h VAS评分与对照组比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);对照组不同时点VAS评分比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。经术后回访,观察组满意度高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论帕瑞昔布钠用于妇科超前镇痛,可明显减轻术后疼痛,且不良反应少。     

帕瑞昔布超前镇痛在腹部手术麻醉中的临床应用

目的评价帕瑞昔布在术中和术后的超前镇痛作用。方法将80例胆囊摘除手术患者随机分为实验组和对照组,两组均采用全麻吸入麻醉,实验组术前30min静注帕瑞昔布20mg,手术结束时静注帕瑞昔布40mg。检测两组用药后不同时问的血清IL-6水平,拔管后评定两组不同时间的疼痛视觉模拟评分（VAS评分）和Rammesay镇静评分（RSS评分）。结果实验组治疗前后血清IL-6水平均明显低于对照组,拔管后0—12h内VAS评分均低于对照组,术后5～30min内RSS镇静评分均高于对照组（P均〈0．05）。结论帕瑞昔布在腹部手术的麻醉中具有明显的超前镇痛作用,并具有苏醒期镇痛和减少躁动的作用。     

帕瑞昔布超前镇痛在开胸手术中的应用

目的观察帕瑞昔布用于开胸手术的超前镇痛效果及安全性。方法将40拟行开胸手术的患者随机分两组。超前镇痛组术前1 h肌注帕瑞昔布40 mg,术后6、18 h重复给药;术后镇痛组手术结束时肌注帕瑞昔布40mg,术后6、18 h重复给药。分别于术后4、12、24、36 h行视觉模拟评分（VAS）,并观察生命体征、药物不良反应,监测手术前后凝血功能及肾功能。结果超前镇痛组在术后24、36 h的VAS均明显低于术后镇痛组（P均〈0.05）;两组均无药物不良反应,术前、术后凝血功能和肾功能均在正常范围。结论帕瑞昔布用于开胸手术超前镇痛安全、有效。     

帕瑞昔布钠超前镇痛对胸腔镜肺大疱切除术后疼痛的影响

目的 观察帕瑞昔布钠(特耐)超前镇痛对胸腔镜肺大疱切除术后疼痛的影响.方法 选择双腔气管插管全麻下择期行肺大疱切除术患者60例,随机均分为观察组和对照组.两组患者麻醉诱导用药与麻醉维持用药均相同,观察组术前15 min静注特耐40 mg,对照组静注生理盐水2 ml.术后15 min、1 h、2 h、4 h、8 h、12 h采用视觉模拟评分法(VAS)评估两组患者疼痛程度;同时观察患者术后呼吸抑制、皮肤瘙痒、恶心呕吐、头晕等不良反应发生情况.结果 与对照组比较,观察组术后各时点VAS评分明显降低(P<0.05);观察组2例(6.6%)发生不良反应,对照组3例(10.0%)发生不良反应,两组比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论 帕瑞昔布钠超前应用于胸腔镜肺大疱切除术后镇痛效果确切,不良反应无明显增多,有利于患者术后恢复.     

帕瑞昔布对胸腔镜肺叶切除术患者围术期镇痛效果、氧化应激反应及免疫功能的影响

目的探讨将帕瑞昔布应用于胸腔镜肺叶切除术的镇痛,观察其镇痛效果及对氧化应激反应和免疫功能的影响。方法将2015年2月至2017年5月我院收治的67例非小细胞肺癌(non small cell lung cancer,NSCLC)患者随机分为观察组和对照组,观察组术前15 min静脉注射帕瑞昔布30 mg(生理盐水稀释10 m L),对照组给予10 m L生理盐水,观察两组患者疼痛、氧化应激反应发生状况及对免疫功能的影响。结果给予帕瑞昔布超前镇痛后,观察组术后视觉模拟量表(Visual analogue scale,VAS)评分明显低于对照组(P0.05);对照组术后氧化应激因子丙二醛(malondialdehyde,MDA)水平明显高于观察组(P005);术后观察组血清超氧化物歧化酶(Superoxide dismutase,SOD)浓度高于对照组,差异显著(P0.05);观察两组患者血清T细胞亚群,发现术后观察组患者血清CD_3~+、CD_4~+及NK水平明显高于对照组,差异显著(P0.05);观察组患者血清CD_8~+水平明显低于对照组,差异显著(P0.05)。结论应用帕瑞昔布超前镇痛后,可明显减轻患者疼痛,降低血清MDA水平,升高SOD水平,减少氧化应激反应发生,促进患者T细胞亚群趋于正常水平,提高机体免疫功能。     

帕瑞昔布超前镇痛在全麻大容量肺灌洗术中的应用

目的探讨帕瑞昔布超前镇痛对气管插管全身麻醉患者麻醉效果的影响。方法将100例尘肺患者随机分为帕瑞昔布组及对照组,每组50例。两组均于气管插管全麻下行大容量单肺灌洗术。帕瑞昔布组于诱导前20 min静脉注射帕瑞昔布40 mg,对照组静脉注射等量生理盐水。比较两组手术时间、术后苏醒时间、苏醒期平均动脉压(MAP)、心率(HR)、动脉血氧饱和度(Sp O2)的变化及苏醒期躁动发生率、术后24 h咽喉痛发生率。结果两组手术时间、苏醒时间差异均无统计学意义。帕瑞昔布组苏醒期MAP、HR均低于对照组(P<0.05),帕瑞昔布组苏醒期躁动发生率及术后24 h咽喉痛发生率均低于对照组(P均<0.05)。结论帕瑞昔布超前镇痛可抑制全麻患者术后苏醒期躁动,降低术后24 h咽喉痛的发生率。     

帕瑞昔布术后镇痛在妇科腔镜手术中的应用

目的探讨帕瑞昔布钠用于卵巢囊肿剥除术、子宫肌瘤剥除术后的镇痛效果及安全性。方法将80例行腹腔镜下卵巢囊肿剥除术、子宫肌瘤剥除术患者随机分为观察组、对照组各40例,两组麻醉用药相同;在插管后、切皮前,观察组静注帕瑞昔布钠,对照组静注曲马多。比较两组清醒后视觉模拟评分（VAS）,观察不良反应及追加吗啡的情况。结果与对照组比较,观察组清醒后1、2、6 h VAS减少、不良反应少、追加吗啡镇痛例数少（P均〈0.05）。结论帕瑞昔布钠用于卵巢囊肿、子宫肌瘤术后镇痛安全、有效。     

右美托咪定联合帕瑞昔布超前镇痛对老年重症胰腺炎患者术后炎性因子和肠黏膜屏障功能的影响

目的探讨右美托咪定联合帕瑞昔布超前镇痛对老年重症胰腺炎(SAP)患者术后炎性因子和肠黏膜屏障功能的影响。方法 80例老年SAP患者随机分为对照组和观察组各40例,所有患者给予手术治疗。对照组给予帕瑞昔布超前镇痛,观察组在对照组基础上联合右美托咪定超前镇痛。比较两组术后视觉模拟评分(VAS)、手术前后急性生理学及慢性健康状况系统(APACHEⅡ)评分、序贯器官衰竭估计(SOFA)评分及炎性因子、肠黏膜屏障功能水平。结果与对照组相比,观察组术后6、12、24、72 h VAS显著降低(P<0. 05),术后72 h的APACHEⅡ评分、SOFA评分显著降低(P<0. 05);观察组术后72 h血清肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)-α、白细胞介素(IL)-6、IL-8水平显著降低(P<0. 05),D-乳酸、二胺氧化酶(DAO)肠黏膜屏障功能指标显著降低(P<0. 05)。结论右美托咪定联合帕瑞昔布超前镇痛在老年SAP患者手术中镇痛效果良好,能够改善病情,减轻炎性反应,促进肠黏膜屏障功能恢复。     

胰岛素瘤的解剖分布特点分析

目的胰岛素瘤是最常见的胰腺神经内分泌肿瘤，因其临床表现多样，导致诊断困难。影像学诊断尤其是超声内镜(EUS)在胰岛素瘤的诊断中起着重要作用，拥有较高的敏感性和特异性。本研究拟通过明确胰岛素瘤的解剖分布特点，以期有助于提高影像学的诊断准确率和降低漏诊率，尤其是在教育和培训实践中对于EUS的学习者更具有指导价值。 方法回顾性分析解放军总医院第一医学中心病案资料数据库1993年1月至2019年11月经外科手术、病理确诊为胰岛素瘤的患者的临床资料，检索方法采取搜索术后病理诊断为"胰岛素瘤"的病例，通过查阅病例的方法，提取出胰岛素瘤的大小和解剖分布等数据，进一步分析其特点。 结果共检索到确诊为胰岛素瘤的患者116例，其中，男45例、女71例，年龄13～76岁，平均年龄(44.4±14.85)岁。胰岛素瘤单发110例(94.8%)、多发6例(5.2%)。位置分布：头颈部46例(39.7%)，单发45例、多发1例；体尾部68例(58.6%)，单发65例、多发3例；全胰腺多发2例(1.7%)。病变大小特点：最大径0.4～3.4 cm，平均大小(1.53±0.58)cm。≤1 cm 29例、>1 cm而≤1.5 cm41例、>1.5 cm而≤2.0 cm28例，≤3 cm 15例，>3 cm 3例。年龄与肿瘤的大小相关，≤44岁患者肿瘤平均大小为(1.36±0.51)cm、>44岁患者肿瘤平均大小为(1.70±0.60)cm，P<0.05。头颈部的肿瘤大于体尾部的肿瘤，头颈部肿瘤平均大小(1.66±0.63)cm，体尾部(1.42±0.52)cm，P<0.05。 结论胰岛素瘤在胰腺体尾部较头颈部更好发；绝大多数单发，但可以全胰腺多发；多数小于1.5 cm，肿瘤的大小与患者年龄和肿瘤的解剖分布相关。     

Pathogenesis of carcinoma of the papilla of Vater

Most adenomas and carcinomas of the small intestine and extrahepatic bile ducts arise in the region of the papilla of Vater. In familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) it is the main location for carcinomas after proctocolectomy. In many cases symptoms due to stenosis lead to diagnosis at an early tumor stage. In about 80%, curative intended resection is possible. Operability is the most relevant prognostic factor. Most ampullary carcinomas resp. carcinomas of the papilla of Vater develop from adenomatous or flat dysplastic precursor lesions. They can be sited in the ampulloduodenal part of the papilla of Vater, which is lined by intestinal mucosa. They also can develop in deeper parts of the ampulla, which are lined by pancreaticobiliary duct mucosa. Intestinal-type adenocarcinoma and pancreaticobiliary-type adenocarcinoma represent the main histological types of ampullary carcinoma. Furthermore, there exist unusual types and undifferentiated carcinomas. Many carcinomas of intestinal type express the immunohistochemical marker profile of intestinal mucosa (keratin 7?, keratin 20+, MUC2+). Carcinomas of pancreaticobiliary type usually show the immunohistochemical profile of pancreaticobiliary duct mucosa (keratin 7+, keratin 20?, MUC2?). Even poorly differentiated carcinomas, as well as unusual histological types, may conserve the marker profile of the mucosa they developed from. These findings underline the concept of histogenetically different carcinomas of the papilla of Vater which develop either from intestinal- or from pancreaticobiliary-type mucosa of the papilla of Vater. Molecular alterations in ampullary carcinomas are similar to those of colorectal as well as pancreatic carcinomas, although they appear at different frequencies. In future studies, molecular alterations in ampullary carcinomas should be correlated closely with the different histologic tumor types. Consequently, the histologic classification should reflect the histogenesis of ampullary tumors from the two different types of papillary mucosa.     

Demonstration of the mechanism of action of biguanides

Summary Palmitic acid oxidation in rat diaphragm homogenate is depressed by biguanide concentrations that are still incapable of inhibiting oxidative phosphorylation. Glucose oxidation is not directly effected by the same biguanide concentrations: however, the inhibitory effect of palmitic acid on glucose oxidation is partly removed by biguanides. Inhibition of fatty acid oxidation, which accounts for most of the metabolic effects caused by these drugs, can be regarded as the fundamental mechanism of action of biguanides. There is some evidence suggesting that these drugs might interact with carnitine, thus preventing long-chain fatty acids from being transported across the mitochondrial membrane to the site of oxidation. Traduzione a cura degli AA.     

Lack of correlation of degree of villous atrophy with severity of clinical presentation of coeliac disease

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Both the clinical presentation and the degree of mucosal damage in coeliac disease vary greatly. In view of conflicting information as to whether the mode of presentation correlates with the degree of villous atrophy, we reviewed a large cohort of patients with coeliac disease. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We correlated mode of presentation (classical, diarrhoea predominant or atypical/silent) with histology of duodenal biopsies and examined their trends over time. RESULTS: The cohort consisted of 499 adults, mean age 44.1 years, 68% females. The majority had silent coeliac disease (56%) and total villous atrophy (65%). There was no correlation of mode of presentation with the degree of villous atrophy (p=0.25). Sixty-eight percent of females and 58% of males had a severe villous atrophy (p=0.052). There was a significant trend over time for a greater proportion of patients presenting as atypical/silent coeliac disease and having partial villous atrophy, though the majority still had total villous atrophy. CONCLUSIONS: Among our patients the degree of villous atrophy in duodenal biopsies did not correlate with the mode of presentation, indicating that factors other than the degree of villous atrophy must account for diarrhoea in coeliac disease.     

血吸虫童虫生长发育及其机制的研究进展

血吸虫童虫是宿主免疫系统攻击的重要靶标,包括皮肤型、肺型和肝门型童虫。宿主分子对童虫生长发育具有重要作用。童虫生长发育机制包括免疫调节、信号转导、性别发育及凋亡等。肌动蛋白、组织蛋白酶、烯醇化酶和葡萄糖基转移酶等分子为血吸虫童虫生长发育的重要分子。本文对血吸虫童虫生长发育及其机制的研究进展做一综述。     

124例耐多药结核分枝杆菌基因突变特征分析

目的对临床分离的耐多药结核分枝杆菌相关基因的突变特征进行分析。方法对124例耐多药结核分枝杆菌以及50株敏感株的耐药相关基因(包括异烟肼inh A、kat G、oxyR-ahp C间隔区以及利福平rpo B)进行序列测定,分析其基因突变情况。结果异烟肼耐药inh A基因突变率为14.5%;kat G基因突变率为70.2%(87/124),主要位于315位;oxyR-ahp C间隔区突变率为15.3%;inh A、kat G两种基因同时突变率75.0%,三种基因同时突变率为89.5%。利福平rpo B基因突变的检出率高达95.2%,突变主要发生在531、526、516位点。结论我省耐多药菌异烟肼耐药相关基因最常见突变为kat G 315、inh A C-T(-15)、axyR-ahp C间隔区(-10)C-T,利福平为rpo B531、526、516。结合MDR-TB耐药相关基因的特征分析,可以建立一种快速、准确、特异的适合于我省的检测结核菌耐多药性的新方法。     

氯硝柳胺悬浮剂的毒性评价

目的评价氯硝柳胺悬浮剂的毒性，为现场大规模应用灭螺提供依据。方法按照中华人民共和国国家标准GB 15670-1995《农药登记毒理学试验方法》和鱼类毒性试验方法进行。结果经口、经皮肤的LDso雌、雄性大鼠均>5 000 mg/kg，经呼吸道的LCso雌、雄性大鼠均>5 000mg/m3，该药经口、经皮肤、经呼吸道毒性均属微毒类药物；兔眼用药后，观察期内无不良反应，对眼无刺激性；皮肤用药后对皮肤无刺激性。与氯硝柳胺原药、氯硝柳胺乙醇胺盐原药和氯硝柳胺乙醇胺盐可湿性粉剂相比，氯硝柳胺悬浮剂对鱼急性毒性最低。结论氯硝柳胺悬浮剂属微毒类药物，对鱼的毒性低于其乙醇胺盐可湿性粉剂，适合于现场应用。     

Assessment of quality of life of parents of children with juvenile chronic arthritis

The aim of the study was to assess the quality of life (QOL) and the psychological status of parents of children with juvenile chronic arthritis (JCA). The QOL, anxiety and depression of the parents of 28 children with JCA were evaluated and compared to those of the parents of 28 healthy children. Mothers of JCA children and mothers of healthy children reported similar QOL. The reported anxiety and depression levels were similar for mothers and fathers in both groups. The parents of children with pauciarticular-type JCA reported lower QOL and higher levels of anxiety and depression than the parents of children with other types, namely polyarticular and systemic JCA. These findings may be explained by the fact that the pauciarticular patients had shorter disease duration and were less frequently seen in the outpatient clinic. The QOL of mothers of children with JCA was found to be slightly impaired in the group of children with pauciarticular JCA. Future larger studies are needed to confirm these results, as the number of subjects in the three groups was rather low. Received: 26 September 2001 / Accepted: 8 February 2002     

Numerical Simulation of the Effect of Rate of Change of Glucose on Measurement Error of Continuous Glucose Monitors

Background

A 5-day in-patient study designed to assess the accuracy of the FreeStyle Navigator® Continuous Glucose Monitoring System revealed that the level of accuracy of the continuous sensor measurements was dependent on the rate of glucose change. When the absolute rate of change was less than 1 mg•dl⁻¹•min⁻¹ (75% of the time), the median absolute relative difference (ARD) was 8.5%, with 85% of all points falling within the A zone of the Clarke error grid. When the absolute rate of change was greater than 2 mg•dl⁻¹•min⁻¹ (8% of the time), the median ARD was 17.5%, with 59% of all points falling within the Clarke A zone.

Method

Numerical simulations were performed to investigate effects of the rate of change of glucose on sensor measurement error. This approach enabled physiologically relevant distributions of glucose values to be reordered to explore the effect of different glucose rate-of-change distributions on apparent sensor accuracy.

Results

The physiological lag between blood and interstitial fluid glucose levels is sufficient to account for the observed difference in sensor accuracy between periods of stable glucose and periods of rapidly changing glucose.

Conclusions

The role of physiological lag on the apparent decrease in sensor accuracy at high glucose rates of change has implications for clinical study design, regulatory review of continuous glucose sensors, and development of performance standards for this new technology. This work demonstrates the difficulty in comparing accuracy measures between different clinical studies and highlights the need for studies to include both relevant glucose distributions and relevant glucose rate-of-change distributions.     

治疗高血压药物的经济学评价

重视高血压治疗中的经济学评价,对利用我国有限的卫生资源来遏制高血压对人民群众的危害有着重要的现实意义。药物经济学对于药物治疗的成本和治疗的结果给予同样的关注。因为治疗高血压的费用,不仅涉及药物价格,还包括患者的危险水平,降压疗效和对临床终点事件的影响,以及治疗的依从性和安全性。因此药物经济学更强调整体成本和价-效比。低危病人,若非药价低廉,治疗的价-效比不够理想。而在高危的患者,价-效比越小越经济而不是药费越便宜越好。