189例支气管哮喘患者吸入糖皮质激素使用方法的状况调查

近年来,随着对支气管哮喘(简称哮喘)的病因及发病机制的深入研究,我们认识到糖皮质激素是目前治疗哮喘最为有效的抗炎药物,而吸入途径的糖皮质激素在哮喘的长期防治过程中起着十分重要的作用。然而在临床实际工作中,我们发现许多患者吸入糖皮质激素的方法及方式存在诸多问题,为此,自1997年9月～2 0 0 3年4月,我们对189例门、急诊及住院治疗的支气管哮喘患者吸入糖皮质激素的使用方法进行了调查,现总结分析如下。对象与方法　(1)对象:上述期间经我院门诊、急诊及住院治疗的非首次发作支气管哮喘患者2 5 8例,其中有189例患者接受吸入糖皮质激…     

哮喘患者吸入性糖皮质激素治疗依从性的决定因素分析

目的探讨支气管哮喘患者吸入性糖皮质激素治疗依从性不佳时关键的因素,明确患者自身对于治疗依从性的理解。 方法选择西安交通大学第一附属医院呼吸与危重症医学科2017年4月至2018年1月期间门诊年龄>18岁的哮喘患者350例,对选取的患者采用结构化面谈和横断面调查,进行相应的统计分析。 结果Logistic回归结果显示,使用糖皮质激素治疗有效,认为病情已控制或痊愈[OR＝0.28,95%CI(0.16,0.48),P<0.01],哮喘症状加重或急性发作时才用药[OR＝0.26,95%CI(0.15,0.46),P<0.01],费用较高难以承受经济负担[OR＝0.36,95%CI(0.17,0.75),P<0.01],使用ICS出现不良反应而停用[OR＝0.26,95%CI(0.08,0.81),P＝0.02],担心药物不良反应[OR＝1.59,95%CI(0.49,0.95),P＝0.04]对哮喘患者吸入糖皮质激素治疗依从性的影响有显著性差异。 结论门诊成人哮喘患者吸入糖皮质激素治疗的依从性不佳与多种因素相关,需采用多种形式的患者教育,提高患者及其家属对哮喘本质及其规范治疗的认识,进而改善患者的哮喘控制水平和临床结局。     

支气管哮喘患者依从性及其影响因素分析

目的了解成人支气管哮喘（简称哮喘）患者的依从性及其影响因素。方法通过问卷调查及电话随访了解101例成人患者的依从性及其影响因素进行调查。结果哮喘患者的依从性普遍较低,并与病程长、年龄大、文化程度低等相关。结论为提高患者的依从性应针对不同因素具体原因人手,纠正他们对哮喘及其用药的认识。     

哮喘患者175例治疗依从性临床分析

支气管哮喘是慢性呼吸道疾病．要想很好控制症状，提高病人的生存质量，必须规范吸入糖皮质激素治疗。临床发现许多患虽然知道一些哮喘防治知识．但能坚持疗程规范治疗的并不多。本收集2000～2002年在我院哮喘门诊就诊的支气管哮喘患175例，分析其治疗依从性如下。     

糖皮质激素受体与支气管哮喘

糖皮质激素受体是一种细胞内的可溶性蛋白,与糖皮质激素呈高亲和力与专一性的结合,是糖皮质激素发挥生理和药理作用的中介物。支气管哮喘常用糖皮质激素治疗,其治疗效果与糖皮质激素受体有一定关系。本文介绍了糖皮质激素受体的结构、体内调节及在支气管哮喘中的变化与意义。     

低剂量吸入糖皮质激素治疗轻度支气管哮喘回顾性分析

目前指南不再推荐β2受体激动剂单独用于轻度持续性支气管哮喘（简称哮喘）的规律治疗,而最近临床研究支持吸入糖皮质激素（inhaled corticosteroids,ICS）对轻度持续性哮喘具有明显的益处。本文从轻度哮喘患者的气道炎症特点,ICS的使用策略及其联合用药方面,对近年有关ICS治疗轻度哮喘这一问题进行回顾性分析,为轻度哮喘的治疗提供参考意见。     

低剂量吸入糖皮质激素治疗轻度支气管哮喘回顾性分析

目前指南不再推荐β_2受体激动剂单独用于轻度持续性支气管哮喘(简称哮喘)的规律治疗,而最近临床研究支持吸入糖皮质激素(inhaled corticosteroids,ICS)对轻度持续性哮喘具有明显的益处.本文从轻度哮喘患者的气道炎症特点,ICS的使用策略及其联合用药方面,对近年有关ICS治疗轻度哮喘这一问题进行回顾性分析,为轻度哮喘的治疗提供参考意见.     

吸烟对支气管哮喘患者吸入糖皮质激素治疗的影响

目的 探讨吸烟对支气管哮喘(简称哮喘)患者临床症状、肺功能及气道炎症的影响,以及对激素治疗的敏感性.方法 选取2009年1 2月至2011年1月门诊就诊的40例慢性持续期哮喘患者,根据是否吸烟分为吸烟组(15例)和非吸烟组(23例).所有患者给予糖皮质激素(布地奈德)吸入治疗,必要时可吸入β2受体激动剂.发放哮喘日记卡及峰流速仪.记录治疗前及治疗28 d后哮喘症状评分、哮喘控制测试(ACT)评分、肺功能、晨间及夜间最高呼气流速(PEF),诱导痰中嗜酸粒细胞及中性粒细胞百分比,并测定痰液中白介素8(IL-8)及嗜酸粒细胞趋化因子(eotaxin)水平.结果 两组患者治疗前除性别构成外,年龄、病程、ACT评分、肺功能指标差异均无统计学意义.两组患者治疗后ACT评分(F=39.991,P<0.05)、FEV1%pred(F＝56.075,P<0.05)、PEV1%pred(F＝53.535,P<0.05),嗜酸粒细胞百分比(F＝15.271,P<0.05)及eotaxin(F=24.172,P<0.05)水平均较治疗前有明显改善,哮喘症状评分显著降低(P<0.05).其中非吸烟组以上指标的改善程度均优于吸烟组(P<0.05).结论 吸烟降低了哮喘患者对ICS治疗的反应性.对吸烟的哮喘患者,治疗可能需要特殊调整.     

慢性喘息型支气管炎应循支气管哮喘治疗原则行糖皮质激素吸入治疗

编辑同志 :目前国内慢性喘息型支气管炎 (简称慢喘支 )这个诊断术语用的比较普遍 ,某些地方似乎有些偏乱。实际上 ,临床上慢喘支尤其是激发试验和 (或 )扩张试验阳性的慢喘支与支气管哮喘 (简称哮喘 )的鉴别十分困难。以致使同一患者在不同医院、同一医院不同医生 ,甚至同一医生不同时间的诊治过程中诊断出现不一致。《慢性阻塞性肺疾病 (ＣＯＰＤ)诊治方案 (草案 )》[1] 中明确提出 ,慢性支气管炎 (简称慢支 )和哮喘可合并存在 ,美国胸科协会制定的《ＣＯＰＤ和哮喘诊治规范》[2 ] 中也指出 ,哮喘因与ＣＯＰＤ可重叠存在而诊断上有时显得混…     

支气管哮喘患者血清炎症因子与肺功能相关性研究简

目的 探讨IL-2、IL-6、IL-8和TNF-α在支气管哮喘发病机制中的作用以及与肺功能的相关性.方法 以98例支气管哮喘患者为研究对象.以55例健康查体者作为对照组.结果 ①IL-6、IL-8、TNF-α水平在发病组明显高于稳定组,IL-2明显低于稳定组;稳定组IL-8和TNF-α均低于对照组.②随着严重度分期的升高,IL-6、IL-8、TNF-α水平呈进行性上升,IL-2水平呈进行性下降.③在发病组,IL-2与FEV1%pre呈正相关;IL-6、IL-8、TNF-α分别与FEV1%pre均呈负相关.在稳定组,IL-8、TNF-α与FEV1%pre仍呈负相关.结论细胞因子在一定程度可反应气道炎症的严重程度,其与肺功能之间均存在相关性.     

孟鲁司特与激素吸入治疗对支气管哮喘患者中IL-12及microRNA-21表达的影响

[摘要]目的：分析孟鲁司特与激素吸入治疗对支气管哮喘患者血清中IL-12及microRNA-21表达的影响。方法：回顾性分析我院2015年1月至2016年1月收治的108例支气管哮喘患者的临床资料,根据是否采取孟鲁司特与激素吸入治疗将支气管哮喘患者分成两组,其中对照组52例、观察组56例;两组患者均采取常规治疗,观察组在此基础上,采取孟鲁司特与激素吸入治疗;比较两组患者的临床疗效、肺功能改善情况及重度患者的动脉血气指标、呼吸峰流速(PEF) 变异率,采用酶联免疫吸附测定法(ELISA)检测血清中白细胞介素-12(Interleukin-12,IL-12)及microRNA-21表达水平。结果：经秩和检验,观察组临床疗效优于对照组,具有统计学意义(P＜0.05);治疗后,观察组患者的FEV1、PEF升高幅度大于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05);治疗后,观察组重度患者PaO2升高程度、PEF变异率均大于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05);治疗后,观察组患者的IL-12表达水平升高幅度大于对照组、microRNA-21表达水平降低幅度大于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05)。结论：孟鲁司特与激素吸入治疗可协同控制支气管哮喘的病情,改善肺功能,并使血清中IL-12表达水平升高和microRNA-21表达水平降低。 关键词：支气管哮喘;孟鲁司特;激素;IL-12;microRNA-21     

支气管哮喘的治疗依从性分析

目的支气管哮喘的治疗依从性普遍偏低,严重影响了治疗效果,降低患者生存质量。其治疗依从性受药物性因素和非药物性因素影响,药物和健康教育相辅相成,缺一不可。如何提高支气管哮喘的治疗依从性是医患之间必须共同面对和解决的问题。     

Comparison of inhaled corticosteroid combined with theophylline and double-dose inhaled corticosteroid in moderate to severe asthma

OBJECTIVE: Recent studies have found that theophylline exerts anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects. This study was performed to compare the efficacy of inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) combined with slow-release theophylline (SRT) with that of double-dose ICS in asthma control, anti-inflammatory activity and safety. METHODOLOGY: In a randomized, open, parallel, control trial, 41 patients with asthma were randomly treated with either beclomethasone dipropionate 500 microg b.i.d. (BDP group) or a combination of BDP 250 microg b.i.d and SRT 0.2 g b.i.d. (SRT/BDP group) for 6 weeks. At the start and at the end of treatment, lung function testing and sputum induction were performed, and plasma cortisol levels were measured. Sputum was analyzed for cell differential counts and the interleukin (IL)-5 level. Patients kept a record of peak expiratory flow (PEF), symptom score, and beta2-agonist use. RESULTS: Significant increases in the morning and the evening PEF and FEV1 were observed (P < 0.05), together with an obvious reduction in symptom score and beta2-agonist use (P < 0.01). Significant decreases in the percentage eosinophils and IL-5 level in induced sputum also occurred (P < 0.05). However, there was no difference between the two groups for all these parameters. There was no significant change in the plasma cortisol level for either group. CONCLUSIONS: Both ICS combined with SRT and double-dose ICS had the same effect on asthma control, improving symptoms and ameliorating lung function. Both therapies had similar anti-airway inflammatory effects and therapeutic safety. Combining SRT with ICS may allow a reduction in ICS dose when treating asthma.     

急危重症支气管哮喘抢救治疗的临床研究

目的探讨急危重症支气管哮喘的抢救治疗。方法选择急危重症支气管哮喘患者40例,采用机械通气、氧疗、舒张支气管剂、糖皮质激素等综合治疗措施,观察疗效。结果40例患者经过上述诊治,48小时内有效率达95％,无1例死亡。结论急危重症支气管哮喘患者采用机械通气和氧疗,舒张支气管,茶碱和糖皮质激素等综合性早期治疗疗效确切,值得临床推广应用。     

老年性支气管哮喘继发肺部真菌感染的特征及治疗

目的研究老年性支气管哮喘继发肺部真菌感染的病原菌及其临床特征及治疗。方法回顾性分析22例老年性支气管哮喘继发肺部真菌感染的临床资料。结果老年性支气管哮喘继发肺部真菌感染的病原菌分类为白色念珠菌占50%,热带银丝念珠菌占22.8%,光滑假丝念珠菌占13.6%,烟曲菌占9.1%。临床表现多样,与肺部基础疾病有关,多合并有细菌感染。抗真菌药敏感率依次为伊曲康唑100%,氟康唑93.73%,两性霉素90.32%,5-氟胞嘧啶83.87%,和制霉菌素73.07%。结论激素和抗生素合理应用是关键,一旦有真菌感染及时应用抗真菌药,宜按药敏选择。     

Optimizing inhaled corticosteroid therapy in children with chronic asthma

Asthma is the most common chronic illness among children, and inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) are the most effective long-term therapy available for suppressing airway inflammation in persistent asthma. While the primary aim of ICS therapy is good efficacy with minimal side effects, early diagnosis and treatment of asthma can also improve asthma control and normalize lung function, and may prevent irreversible airway injury. Poor patient compliance is a major barrier to treatment. Simplified dosing regimens (e.g., once-daily administration), good inhaler technique, and education of the patient/caregiver should improve patient compliance. Concerns over ICS therapy are often based on the potential for systemic effects associated with oral corticosteroids (e.g., effects on bone mineral density, or growth suppression in children). Since adverse events are associated with high doses of ICS, the dose in all patients should be titrated to the minimum effective dose required to maintain control. Optimal distribution of an ICS in the lungs rather than the systemic compartment is affected by several factors, including the drug's pharmacokinetic profile, inhaler type, inhaler technique, and drug particle size. For young patients unable to use a dry-powder inhaler or pressurized metered-dose inhaler, a nebulizer facilitates drug delivery through passive inhalation; ICS therapy in the form of budesonide inhalation suspension can be given to children with persistent asthma from 12 months of age. In conclusion, selecting a drug with good efficacy and minimal side effects, such as budesonide, together with an easy-to-use delivery system and ongoing patient/caregiver education, is important in optimizing ICS therapy for children with persistent asthma.     

Effects of inhaled corticosteroid on bone turnover in children with bronchial asthma

Long-term usage of systemic steroids is associated with multiple side effects. One of the major morbidities is due to its effect on bone metabolism leading to bone loss and resulting in skeletal fractures. This study was conducted to determine the effects of inhaled steroids on bone mineral density (BMD) and biochemical bone markers. Twenty-four children with frequent episodic or mild persistent asthma who satisfied the clinical criteria for starting on inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) were enrolled into the study. The BMD scan was done using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry, prior to starting ICS therapy and 6 months later. Biochemical markers of bone metabolism, (i) serum osteocalcin as a bone formation marker, and (ii) urinary deoxypyridinoline (Upd) as a bone resorption marker, were taken prior to ICS treatment and at 2 monthly intervals. The biochemical markers were all taken in the morning. Twenty-four, age- and sex-matched children with mild episodic asthma, not requiring ICS, were used as controls for the BMD measurements. The BMD scan was done upon enrollment into the study and 6 months later. Twenty-four children on ICS and 24 controls completed the study. The subjects were on a mean dose of beclomethasone dipropionate (BDP) 0.4 mg/day. One subject needed a short course of Prednisolone in the early treatment period. None of the controls needed oral steroid therapy. One child in the control group sustained a greenstick fracture after an accidental fall. The mean rate of change of BMD was 1.8% +/- 12.3 in the subjects on BDP. This was lower than the 6.1% +/- 10.6 among the control subjects. However, this difference did not reach statistical significance (P = 0.16). There was a significant increase in serum osteocalcin level after 6 months of BDP treatment from 66.83 +/- 22.71 ng/mL to 81.61 +/- 24.66 ng/mL (P < 0.005). There was a decline in Upd from 36.2 +/- 47.1 nmol/mmol creatinine to 21.4 +/- 6.92 nmol/mmol creatinine. However, this did not reach statistical significance. There was no difference in the statural gain between the subjects on ICS and their controls. This study showed that 6 months of ICS therapy (mean dose 0.4 mg/day) had no significant adverse effect on bone metabolism in asthmatic children.     

扎鲁司特片治疗113例支气管哮喘的临床应用

目的 评价白三烯受体拮抗剂扎鲁司特片治疗支气管哮喘的临床疗效及其安全性。方法 观察113例支气管哮喘患用药前、后哮喘自觉症状、肺功能指标、实验室指标及不良反应。结果 患治疗后第1、2、3、4周的平均晨间PEF值、平均夜间PEF值较前均有显性改变（P＜0.001）。患治疗后第2、4周FEV1值均较治疗前有显性改善（P＜0.0001）。治疗4周后，平均日间、夜间哮喘症状评分均减少明显，均 数的百分数增加明显。使用喘乐宁气雾剂喷数减少；5例患发生药物不良反应，发生率为4.42%；反应均较轻微。结论 白三受体拮抗剂扎鲁司特片能改善支气管哮喘患的肺功能、减轻哮喘症状，不良反应轻微，具有良好的临床疗效及安全性。     

IL-5、IL-10及FENO三种炎性标记物诊断成人支气管哮喘的临床价值

目的探讨IL-5、IL-10及FENO三种炎性标记物在诊断成人支气管哮喘中的作用及价值,为临床工作提供参考及指导。方法选取2014年10月-2015年12月期间经我院收治的106例成人支气管哮喘患者作为病例组,同时选取同期来我院进行体检的106例健康人群作为对照组,应用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)对所有研究对象的血清IL-5、IL-10浓度进行测定,应用FENO测试仪测定其呼出气FENO浓度,比较支气管哮喘组及正常对照组之间的IL-5、IL-10及FENO水平,明确IL-5、IL-10及FENO三种炎性标记物在成人支气管哮喘诊断中的价值。结果病例组及对照组间的IL-5、IL-10及FENO水平存在差异,两组的血清IL-5浓度分别为(23.65±13.86)pg/m L和(11.65±2.79)pg/m L;两组的IL-10浓度分别为(19.78±14.25)pg/m L和(39.21±12.18)pg/m L;两组的FENO水平分别为(63.18±31.62)ug/L和(26.74±18.51)ug/L,两组间差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论 IL-5、IL-10及FENO水平是成人支气管哮喘患者诊断过程中的重要参考指标,对其进行联合检测有利于成人支气管哮喘的早期诊断、预防及个体化治疗的开展。