胸腺法新治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期的临床疗效观察

目的观察胸腺法新治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期(AECOPD)的临床疗效。方法选取2013年12月—2015年12月广州市第一人民医院南沙医院收治的AECOPD患者100例,采用投掷硬币法分为对照组和观察组,每组50例。对照组患者采用常规抗感染治疗和综合支持治疗,观察组患者在对照组基础上皮下注射胸腺法新。比较两组患者临床疗效,治疗前后免疫功能指标、血气分析指标、肺功能指标、临床症状评分、炎性指标及治疗期间不良反应发生情况。结果观察组患者临床疗效优于对照组(P0.05)。治疗前后两组患者CD+3细胞分数、CD+4细胞分数、CD+8细胞分数、CD+4/CD+8细胞比值比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗后对照组患者CD+4/CD+8细胞比值高于治疗前(P0.05);而治疗前后对照组患者CD+3细胞分数、CD+4细胞分数、CD+8细胞分数比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗后观察组患者CD+3细胞分数、CD+4细胞分数、CD+4/CD+8细胞比值高于治疗前,而CD+8细胞分数低于治疗前(P0.05)。治疗前后两组患者血氧分压(Pa O2)、动脉血二氧化氮分压(Pa CO2)比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05);治疗后两组患者Pa O2均高于治疗前,Pa CO2均低于治疗前(P0.05)。治疗前后两组患者第1秒用力呼气容积与用力肺活量比值(FEV1/FVC)、第1秒用力呼气容积占预计值百分比(FEV1%)比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05);治疗后两组患者FEV1/FVC、FEV1%均高于治疗前(P0.05)。治疗前两组患者临床症状评分比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05);治疗后观察组患者临床症状评分低于对照组(P0.05)。治疗后两组患者临床症状评分均低于治疗前(P0.05)。治疗前两组患者C反应蛋白(CRP)、中性粒细胞分数比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05);治疗后观察组患者CRP、中性粒细胞分数低于对照组。治疗后两组患者CRP、中性粒细胞分数均低于治疗前(P0.05)。治疗期间两组患者均未出现明显不良反应。结论胸腺法新辅助治疗AECOPD的临床疗效确切,可有效改善患者免疫功能,缓解患者临床症状。     

辛伐他汀对老年慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者肺功能、免疫功能及生活质量的影响

目的探讨辛伐他汀对老年慢性阻塞性肺疾病(慢阻肺)患者的肺功能、免疫功能及生活质量的影响。方法选择老年慢阻肺患者102例,随机分为对照组和观察组,各51例;对照组常规治疗,观察组每日口服一次辛伐他汀;连续治疗4周后比较两组前后肺功能、免疫功能、生活质量指标和炎症因子及血管内皮生长因子的变化。结果观察组患者FVC、FEV1、FEV1/FVC、6MWD、T淋巴细胞亚群CD3~+、CD4~+、CD4~+/CD8~+、IL-8、IL-17、TNF-α、VEGF水平显著高于治疗前和对照组治疗后水平(P0.05),而SGRQ显著低于治疗前和对照组治疗后水平(P0.05)。结论辛伐他汀辅助治疗可显著提高老年慢阻肺患者肺功能和生活质量,提高免疫功能。     

桉柠蒎肠溶软胶囊联合痰热清注射液治疗痰浊壅塞型AECOPD患者的可行性

目的探讨桉柠蒎肠溶软胶囊(切诺)联合痰热清注射液治疗痰浊壅塞型慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期(AECOPD)的可行性。方法痰浊壅塞型AECOPD患者138例,随机分为两组,对照组(n=68)采用切诺治疗,研究组(n=70)采用切诺联合痰热清注射液治疗。两组均检测肺功能指标、炎症指标和免疫指标。结果研究组肺部啰音消失时间、咳嗽消失时间和咳痰消失时间均明显短于对照组(P0.05)。治疗前,两组第1秒用力呼气量(FEV1)、用力肺活量(FVC)、FEV1/FVC、降钙素原(PCT)、肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)-α、细胞间黏附因子(ICAM)-1、白细胞分化抗原(CD)3~+、CD4~+、CD4~+/CD8~+水平比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05);治疗后,研究组肺功能指标较治疗前和对照组明显升高(P0.05),炎症指标较治疗前和对照组明显降低(P0.05),免疫指标较同组治疗前和对照组明显升高(P0.05)。两组药物不良反应发生率比较差异无统计学意义(8.57%vs 7.35%,χ~2=0.070,P=0.792)。结论切诺联合痰热清注射液可有效安全应用于痰浊壅塞型AECOPD患者的治疗,有利于改善肺功能,缓解炎症反应和提高免疫功能。     

脾多肽联合布地奈德雾化吸入对COPD急性加重期患者肺功能及动脉血气指标的影响

目的研究脾多肽联合布地奈德雾化吸入对慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期(AECOPD)患者肺功能及动脉血气指标的影响。方法 AECOPD患者84例随机分组,各42例。对照组予以布地奈德雾化吸入治疗,观察组予以脾多肽+布地奈德雾化吸入治疗。比较两组临床疗效,治疗前后用力肺活量(FVC)、1 s用力呼气容积(FEV1)、FEV1/FVC及动脉二氧化碳分压(PaCO_2)、动脉血氧分压(PaO_2)]变化。结果观察组临床治疗总有效率92.86%高于对照组71.43%(P0.05);治疗后观察组FVC、FEV1、FEV1/FVC高于对照组(P0.05);PaCO_2低于对照组、Pa O_2高于对照组(P0.05)。结论联合脾多肽和布地奈德雾化吸入用于AECOPD患者,可改善肺功能及动脉血气指标,疗效显著。     

参七蛤蚧散治疗老年支气管哮喘的疗效及对细胞炎性因子和细胞免疫功能的影响

目的探讨参七蛤蚧散治疗老年支气管哮喘的疗效及对细胞炎性因子和细胞免疫功能的影响。方法选择老年支气管哮喘患者80例,依据随机数字表法分为观察组40例与对照组40例。对照组采用常规西医治疗,观察组在对照组基础上结合参七蛤蚧散治疗。两组疗程均为3个月。比较两组疗效、治疗前后肺功能、细胞炎性因子和细胞免疫功能指标的变化。结果观察组总有效率(95.00%)显著高于对照组(70.00%,P0.05)。两组治疗后第1秒用力呼气容积(FEV1)、占预计值百分比(FEV1%)、用力肺活量(FVC)、FEV1/FVC显著升高(观察组:t=25.522、9.938、32.203,对照组:t=11.997、6.870、13.148,均P0.05);观察组治疗后FEV1、FVC和FEV1/FVC显著高于对照组(t=8.773、4.091、16.887,均P0.05)。两组治疗后白细胞介素(IL)-4、IL-10和肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)-α水平显著降低(观察组:t=20.673、126.983、16.366,对照组:t=6.542、10.828、6.608,均P0.05);观察组治疗后IL-4、IL-10和TNF-α水平显著低于对照组(t=10.346、22.295、9.288,均P0.05)。两组治疗后CD3~+、CD4~+和CD4~+/CD8~+显著升高(观察组:t=20.240、12.892、9.308,对照组:t=9.645、6.456、6.114,均P0.05);观察组治疗后CD3~+、CD4~+和CD4~+/CD8~+显著高于对照组(t=10.000、8.358、6.930,均P0.05)。结论参七蛤蚧散治疗老年支气管哮喘患者疗效确切,可减轻患者炎性反应及增强细胞免疫功能。     

脾氨肽冻干粉联合噻托溴铵治疗老年COPD的疗效评价及对血清SP-D、SOD、ET-1、α-HBD的影响

目的探讨脾氨肽冻干粉联合噻托溴铵用于老年慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)的疗效评价及对血清肺泡表面活性蛋白(SP)-D、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、内皮素(ET)-1、α-羟丁酸脱氢酶(HBD)的影响。方法选择80例老年COPD患者,通过随机数表法分为观察组及对照组各40例。对照组采用噻托溴铵进行治疗,观察组在对照组的基础上联合脾氨肽冻干粉治疗。比较两组肺功能指标、免疫功能、血清SP-D、SOD、血浆ET-1、α-HBD水平。结果治疗后,观察组肺功能指标第1秒用力呼气容积(FEV1)、用力肺活量(FVC)、FEV1/FVC和FEV1%水平均明显高于对照组,免疫功能CD3~+、CD4~+、CD4~+/CD8~+和自然杀伤(NK)细胞水平均明显高于对照组,CD8~+水平显著低于对照组,血清SP-D、ET-1和α-HBD水平明显低于对照组,血清SOD水平明显高于对照组(均P<0.05)。结论氨肽冻干粉联合噻托溴铵治疗老年COPD可有效改善患者肺功能及免疫功能,降低患者血清SP-D、ET-1和α-HBD水平,提高血清SOD含量,疗效确切。     

孟鲁司特钠联合布地奈德雾化吸入治疗对老年慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期病人免疫功能及肺功能的影响

目的探讨孟鲁司特钠联合布地奈德雾化吸入治疗老年慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期(AECOPD)的疗效,及其对病人的肺功能及免疫功能指标的影响。方法 85例AECOPD病人依据随机数字表法分为对照组(n=45)和观察组(n=40),在常规对症支持治疗的基础上,对照组病人给予布地奈德雾化吸入治疗,观察组病人给予孟鲁司特钠联合布地奈德雾化吸入治疗,2组均连续治疗2个疗程。比较2组的临床疗效、治疗前后的肺功能、免疫功能及不良反应的发生情况。结果观察组疗效显著优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);治疗后,观察组的最大呼气峰流速(PEF)、第1秒用力呼气容积(FEV1)、用力肺活量(FVC)、最大呼气中断流速(MMEF)、CD3~+、CD4~+和CD4~+/CD8~+水平均显著高于对照组,CD8~+水平显著低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);2组均未见严重不良反应的发生,且2组不良反应发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论孟鲁司特钠联合布地奈德雾化吸入治疗AECOPD,可显著改善病人的临床症状、肺功能及免疫功能,临床疗效显著。     

布地奈德联合特布他林雾化吸入治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期的疗效研究

目的探讨布地奈德(普米克令舒)联合特布他林(博利康尼)雾化吸入治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期(AECOPD)的疗效。方法选取我院2010年1月—2013年6月住院的AECOPD患者60例,将其随机分为观察组和对照组,各30例。在常规治疗基础上观察组用普米克令舒+博利康尼混合后雾化吸入,对照组用0.9%氯化钠溶液+庆大霉素注射液+α-糜蛋白酶+地塞米松雾化吸入,均治疗10 d。治疗前后对两组患者进行肺功能检查及动脉血气分析。结果治疗后,观察组第1秒用力呼气容积(FEV1)、用力肺活量(FVC)及FEV1/FVC均高于对照组(P0.05);喘息缓解时间、咳嗽消失时间及哮鸣音基本消失时间均短于对照组(P0.05);PaO2高于对照组,PaCO2低于对照组(P0.05)。结论普米克令舒与博利康尼联合使用能明显改善AECOPD患者肺功能、血气指标及临床症状,且安全性高,可作为AECOPD的常规治疗方法。     

参麦注射液联合美罗培南对老年重症感染患者细胞免疫功能、炎症因子及肺功能的影响

目的探讨参麦注射液联合美罗培南对老年重症感染患者细胞免疫功能、炎症因子及肺功能的影响。方法老年重症感染患者82例按照随机表法分为观察组41例与对照组41例。对照组静脉输注美罗培南,观察组在对照组基础上结合参麦注射液。两组疗程均为10 d。比较两组疗效,治疗前后细胞免疫功能、炎症因子和肺功能变化。结果观察组总有效率(92.68%)明显高于对照组(70.73%,P0.05)。两组治疗后CD3~+、CD4~+和CD4~+/CD8~+明显增加,差异有统计学意义(观察组:t=15.267、10.807、16.392,对照组:t=5.891、6.503、7.765,均P0.05);观察组治疗后CD3~+、CD4~+和CD4~+/CD8~+明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(t=12.610、7.480、11.006,P0.05)。两组治疗后降钙素原(PCT)、白细胞介素(IL)-6和C反应蛋白(CRP)水平明显降低,差异有统计学意义(观察组:t=27.474、23.252、26.141,对照组:t=28.316、10.950、14.196,P0.05);观察组治疗后PCT、IL-6和CRP水平低于明显对照组,差异有统计学意义(t=15.088、14.361、12.188,P0.05)。两组治疗后第1秒用力呼气容积(FEV1)和用力肺活量(FVC)均显著增加,差异有统计学意义(观察组:t=19.803、22.922,对照组:t=9.965、15.863,P0.05);观察组治疗后FEV1和FVC明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(t=14.425、12.041,P0.05)。结论参麦注射液联合美罗培南对老年重症感染患者疗效显著,可提高患者细胞免疫功能,减轻炎症反应,改善肺功能。     

异丙托溴铵、布地奈德、博利康尼联合雾化吸入对慢性阻塞性肺疾病加重期的疗效观察

目的探讨异丙托溴铵、博利康尼及布地奈德联合雾化吸入对COPD急性发作期(AECOPD)患者的疗效。方法选择92例COPD急性期患者,随机分为观察组和对照组各46例,两组患者首先采用吸氧、抗感染、化痰止咳等综合治疗。对照组在综合治疗的基础上加用布地奈德及博利康尼雾化吸入,观察组在对照组用药的基础上加用异丙托溴铵气雾剂,连用1周。观察两组患者治疗前后肺功能情况(FEV1、FVC、FEV1%)、血气水平(PaO_2、PaCO_2)和临床疗效的变化。结果雾化吸入1周后两组患者的肺功能指标(FEV1、FVC、FEV1%)均较治疗前明显改善(P0.05),观察组改善幅度高于对照组(P0.05);两组患者的血气水平(PaO_2、PaCO_2)均较治疗前明显改善(P0.05),观察组改善幅度高于对照组(P0.05);两组患者的临床临床疗效相比观察组高于对照组(P0.05)。结论异丙托溴铵、布地奈德、博利康尼联合雾化吸入对COPD急性加重期患者疗效显著,可明显改善患者的肺功能及临床症状。     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

N-acetyl-L-cysteine combined with mesalamine in the treatment of ulcerative colitis： Randomized,placebo-controlled pilot study

AIM： To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of oral N-acetyl-L-cysteine （NAC） co-administration with mesalamine in ulcerative colitis （UC） patients.
METHODS： Thirty seven patients with mild to moderate UC were randomized to receive a four-wk course of oral mesalamine （2.4 g/d） plus N-acetyl-L-cysteine （0.8 g/d） （group A） or mesalamine plus placebo （group B）. Patients were monitored using the Modified Truelove-Witts Severity Index （MTWSI）. The primary endpoint was clinical remission （MTWSI ≤ 2） at 4 wk. Secondary endpoints were clinical response （defined as a reduction from baseline in the MTWSI of ≥ 2 points） and drug safety. The serum TNF-α, interleukin-6, interleukin-8 and MCP-1 were evaluated at baseline and at 4 wk of treatment. RESULTS： Analysis per-protocol criteria showed clinical remission rates of 63% and 50% after 4 wk treatment with mesalamine plus N-acetyl-L-cysteine （group A） and mesalamine plus placebo （group B） respectively （OR = 1.71; 95% CI： 0.46 to 6.36; P = 0.19; NNT = 7.7）. Analysis of variance （ANOVA） of data indicated a significant reduction of MTWSI in group A （P = 0.046） with respect to basal condition without significant changes in the group B （P = 0.735） during treatment. Clinical responses were 66% （group A） vs 44% （group B） after 4 wk of treatment （OR = 2.5; 95% CI： 0.64 to 9.65; P = 0.11; NNT = 4.5）. Clinical improvement in group A correlated with a decrease of IL-8 and MCP-1. Rates of adverse events did not differ significantly between both groups.
CONCLUSION： In group A （oral NAC combined with mesalamine） contrarily to group B （mesalamine alone）, the clinical improvement correlates with a decrease of chemokines such as MCP-1 and IL-8. NAC addition not produced any side effects.     

Delorme's transrectal excision for internal rectal prolapse

Surgical therapy of functional outlet obstruction in patients with internal rectal intussusception may include abdominal, perineal, or transrectal procedures. Because abdominal procedures often result in significant physiologic impact but unrelieved constipation, the authors have elected Delorme's transrectal excision for management of these patients. Since a short-term placebo effect attends many therapies, this report describes results of transrectal excision only after a threeyear postoperative period. Delorme's transrectal excision of internal intussusception accomplished sustained symptomatic relief in over 70 percent of otherwise refractory constipated patients. The association of internal intussusception with other abnormalities underscores the importance of defining both anatomic and functional components when selecting patients whose constipation may require surgical therapy. Critical technical elements, surgical pitfalls, and potential complications of the procedure are discussed.Poster presentation at the meeting of The American Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons, Toronto, Canada, June 11 to 16, 1989.     

The oral glucose tolerance test: A comparison of the time points on the basis of limit values,normal dispersion,and reproducibility

Summary Time points in the glucose tolerance test (GTT) are compared on the basis of limit values, dispersion within a reference population, and reproducibility. We suggest using the distance between a limit value and the median reference value as a measure of the magnitude of abnormality. The distance between 140 mg/100 ml and the median fasting plasma glucose value is chosen as a standard distance and limits for other points in the GTT are calculated to equal this standard distance of abnormality. We suggest that the probability of correctly interpreting an inividual result is directly related to the reproducibility of the test and inversely related to the percentage of the total range of values which is dispersed among the normal population. The ratio of reproducibility to percentage normal dispersion is proposed as an index of the probability of correctly interpreting an individual result. According to this index, the probability of correct interpretation varies in order: fasting plasma glucose concentration>3-h>2-h>0.5-h>1-h plasma glucose concentration.