33 例非免疫性胎儿水肿临床特征及转归

目的探讨非免疫性胎儿水肿(NIHF)临床特征及转归。方法回顾分析2014年1月—2016年12月收治的33例NIHF新生儿的临床资料,将其分为死亡组和治愈组,进行两组间各因素的比较分析。结果 33例患儿中,男16例、女17例,中位胎龄33.4周(31.2～35.1周),出生体质量(2 714±712)g,死亡20例。死亡组出生体质量、1分钟及5分钟Apgar评分低于治愈组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。新生儿产时复苏插管组和未插管组的母亲孕期合并症发生率及宫内干预率的差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。宫内干预是导致新生儿需产时复苏的独立危险因素(OR=15.30,95%CI:2.46～95.19);1分钟Apgar评分是NIHF疾病转归的独立危险因素(OR=1.75,95%CI:1.20～2.53),评分越低、死亡率越高。结论宫内干预与产时需要复苏有关,而1分钟Apgar评分是影响NIHF结局的重要因素。     

60例新生儿窒息后并发症的抢救体会

新生儿窒息是新生儿主要的死亡原因。窒息缺氧可导致全身多器官功能损害,出现神经、呼吸、心血管、肾脏、脑等并发症。现对我院1997年1月~1999年1月60例新生儿窒息后并发症的抢救治疗体会,报告如下。1临床资料1.1一般资料60例诊断标准采用《关于新生儿窒息复苏方法的建议》[1],窒息程度从生后1min Apgar评分为准:8~10分无窒息、4~7分为轻度窒息、0~3分为重度窒息。60例患儿中男40例,女20例,日龄:<1d40例,~2d10例,~3d5例,>3d5例。入院最短时间为出生后20min,最长时间为1周。根据Apgar评分,重度窒息38例,轻度窒息22例。窒息原因:顺产、难产、…     

重度窒息新生儿5分钟Apgar评分的心率变异性分析

目的探讨重度窒息新生儿5 min Apgar评分与心率变异性（HRV）的关系。方法入选103例出生后1 min Apgar评分为0~3分的重度窒息新生儿,根据出生后5 min Apgar评分分组,>7分为A组（n=50）,≤7分B组（n=53）;同时以40例1、5 min Apgar评分均>7分的足月新生儿作为对照组;三组新生儿均于出生后第3天行24 h动态心电图检查,并分析其HRV变化。结果 B组较对照组及A组HRV时域指标PNN50、rMSSD、SDSD降低,SDNN、SDANN升高,差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）;而A组与对照组HRV时域指标差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论新生儿窒息损伤自主神经功能,5 min Apgar评分联合HRV时域参数可作为重度窒息新生儿自主神经功能损伤及预后的无创判断指标。     

窒息后新生儿多脏器功能不全综合征相关围生危险因素分析

目的　探讨窒息后新生儿多脏器功能不全综合征 (MODS)发生相关围生危险因素。方法　对 14 0例窒息新生儿的性别、胎龄、出生体重、Apgar评分、复苏时间、宫内窘迫、羊水污染、孕母合并症、脐带异常、分娩方式及器官损害等情况进行检查。用单因素 χ2 检验和多因素logistic回归分析筛选判定导致窒息后MODS发生的围生危险因素。结果　窒息儿合并MODS发生率 5 2 9% ,logistic回归分析显示胎龄、出生体重、Apgar评分、复苏时间、宫内窘迫、羊水污染III度与窒息后MODS的发生有相关显著性 (r =0 5 13,P <0 0 5 )。结论　胎龄、出生体重、Apgar评分、复苏时间、宫内窘迫、羊水污染III度是导致窒息后MODS发生的重要围生危险因素     

婴儿型高压氧舱防治新生儿窒息后多脏器损伤155例报告

高压氧治疗疾病日益受到重视,近年来在新生儿领域中应用越来越广泛。我院于1998年引进婴儿型高压氧舱来防治新生儿窒息后多脏器损伤,效果显著,现报告如下。1　临床资料1 1　一般资料　新生儿窒息程度按Apgar评分法进行评分,1min 0～3分者或生后5min≤6分者视为重度窒息,1min 4～7分为轻度窒息,常规检查胎儿头皮血或脐带血pH均≤7 2 5 ,评分至少需2人在场。收治的窒息患儿2 38例于12h内急查颅脑CT ,除外颅内活动性出血,随机分为治疗组15 5例,窒息原因:妊高症33例,脐带绕颈4 5例,宫缩乏力4 3例,胎膜早破14例,巨大儿7例,前置胎盘2例,原发性高…     

新生儿窒息尿Alb,IgG,β2—MG RIA的测定

蛋白尿是肾脏功能受损的重要表现。我们应用放射免疫法测定正常息窒和新生儿的尿三蛋白以观察窒息新生儿因缺氧、酸中毒等对肾功能的影响。材料和方法一、观察对象1．正常新生儿组（对照组）共24例，男15例，女9例。足月顺产，且分钟Argar评分9～10分，年龄2～5天。2．新生儿窒息组共46例，男28例，女18例，年龄2～5天。Apgar评分≤3分考20例（重度窒息组），4～7分考28例（轻度窒息组）。二、方法1．均于生后第2～5天留取新鲜尿，用0．1NNaOH调节尿液PH＞65，－20℃保存不超过5天。2．采用中国原子能科学研究院提供的Alb、IgG、民一M…     

1,6-二磷酸果糖治疗窒息新生儿缺氧性心肌损害疗效观察

本院从 1999年 1月至 2 0 0 2年 5月用 1,6 -二磷酸果糖 (FDP)治疗窒息新生儿缺氧性心肌损害2 8例 ,疗效满意 ,报告如下。1　临床资料1.1　一般资料选择 5 8例窒息伴缺氧缺血性脑病且有缺氧性心肌损害的足月儿。随机分为两组 :对照组 30例 ,男 18例 ,女 12例 ,Apgar评分≤ 3分 11例 ,≤ 7分 9例 ,>7分 10例 ;观察组 2 8例 ,男 16例 ,女 12例 ,Apgar评分≤ 3分 9例 ,≤ 7分 11例 ,>7分 8例。两组体重、胎龄、Apgar评分等相比差异无显著性。1.2　临床表现对照组 30例 ,面色苍白或发绀 14例 ,呼吸急促5例 ,吃奶减少或拒食 10例 ,精神萎糜 2 …     

剖宫产术中新生儿重度窒息的复苏体会

1993-2003年,我院麻醉科对在连续硬膜外剖宫产术中发生重度窒息的41例新生儿进行复苏,取得了较为满意的效果,报告如下。1病例与方法1.1　一般资料　新生儿重度窒息41例中,男29例,女12例(发生重度窒息至复苏成功最长时间为5h46min)。1.2　新生儿窒息的评估指标　按Apgar评分法(即心率、呼吸、肌张力、神经反射及皮肤色泽),1min　Apgar评分0-3分。     

新生儿脐血pH和BE影响因素的研究

目的通过大样本收集新生儿脐血血气,研究脐血血气统计学参考值范围与不同影响因素的相关关系。方法选择2012年5～11月广东省妇幼保健院和新会妇幼保健院产科出生的新生儿进行前瞻性研究,选取其中1rainApgar评分〉7分者的脐血血气结果进行统计分析,了解正常新生儿脐血血气的统计学参考值范围;重点分析影响新生儿脐血pH和BE的因素。结果2000例新生儿中,1min Apgar评分≤7分11例,〉7分1989例,低Apgar评分组pH〈7．2的比例为45．5％,正常Apgar评分组pH〈7．2的比例为3．5％,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．001）;1800例足月单胎、体重适于或大于胎龄新生儿中,1794例1min Apgar评分〉7分者脐血pH和BE的统计学参考值范围分别是7．34±0．14（X±1．96S）和-3．53±6．57（X±1．96s）。单因素分析显示,宫内窘迫组、妊娠期并发症组pH值均低于对照组,剖宫产组pH和BE值均高于阴道分娩组,脐带绕颈组pH值降低,双胎组BE值高于单胎组;羊水性状对pH、BE值均无影响。多因素分析显示,宫内窘迫、分娩方式均对脐血血气有影响。结论足月单胎、体重适于或大于胎龄新生儿中,1min Apgar评分〉7分者脐血pH值和BE值的统计学参考值范围分别是7．34±0．14和-3．53±6．57;Apgar评分与脐血血气分析具有一致性,但单独使用Apgar评分诊断早产儿窒息可能会增加窒息的误诊率;宫内窘迫可能会增加新生儿酸中毒的发生率,不同分娩方式对脐血血气pH、BE值均有影响。     

新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病与血糖测定（附36例报告）

自1995年至1997年我院产科出生、儿产收住、并经头颅CT证实的HIE共36例。在此期间，测定了新生儿血糖，现报告如下：材料与方法一、一般资料HIE组男28例，女8例，足月儿31例（包括双胎2例），过期产儿2例，早产儿3例。顺产14例，剖宫产15例，产钳助产7例，生后1分钟Apgar评分4～7分21例，0～3分11例，生后1分钟Apgar评分8～10分，5分钟Apgar评分4～7分3例0～3分1例，临床表现有双眼凝视、激惹、青紫、抽搐等。对照组34例均来自我院产科出生分娩正常新生儿（其中早产儿2例）。两组胎龄、出生体重、分娩方式及采血时间均无显著差异。其母…     

A randomized trial comparing oxygen delivery on intermittent positive pressure with nasal cannulae versus facial mask in neonatal primary resuscitation

AIM: To compare, in a prospective clinical trial, oxygen delivery on intermittent positive pressure with nasal cannulae versus facial mask in primary resuscitation of the newborn with moderate asphyxia. METHODS: 617 neonates with moderate asphyxia at birth were randomized: 303 were resuscitated by oxygen on intermittent positive pressure with nasal cannuale and 314 neonates by mask. Resuscitation followed the Neonatal Resuscitation Program guidelines of the American Academy of Pediatrics, 3rd edition. RESULTS: Resuscitation through the nasal route less frequently requires chest compressions and intubations (26 neonates needed chest compression and 20 needed intubation out of 314 resuscitated by mask; five neonates needed chest compression and two needed intubation out of 303 resuscitated by nasal cannulae). Apgar scores, admission rates to neonatal intensive care units, air-leak syndromes, birthweight, gestational age, use of prenatal steroids and deaths did not differ between groups. CONCLUSION: Oxygen delivery on intermittent positive pressure with nasal cannulae in primary resuscitation of the newborn with moderate asphyxia is a less aggressive and potentially advantageous alternative to the traditional oral route.     

Cesarean section for suspected fetal distress, continuous fetal heart monitoring and decision to delivery time

Objective  To find out the efficacy of continuous fetal heart monitoring by analyzing the cases of cesarean section for nonreassuring fetal heart in labor, detected by cardiotocography (CTG) and correlating these cases with perinatal outcome. To evaluate whether a 30 minute decision to delivery (D-D) interval for emergency cesarean section influences perinatal outcome. Methods  This was a prospective observational study of 217 patients who underwent cesarean section at ≥ 36 weeks for non-reassuring fetal heart in labor detected by CTG. The maternal demographic profile, specific types of abnormal fetal heart rate tracing and the decision to delivery time interval were noted. The adverse immediate neonatal outcomes in terms of Apgar score <7 at 5 minutes, umbilical cord tH <7.10, neonates requiring immediate ventilation and NICU admissions were recorded. The correlation between non-reassuring fetal heart, decision to delivery interval and neonatal outcome were analyzed. Results  Out of 3148 patients delivered at ≥ 36 weeks, 217 (6.8%) patients underwent cesarean section during labor primarily for non-reassuring fetal heart. The most common fetal heart abnormality was persistent bradycardia in 106 (48.8%) cases followed by late deceleration in 38 (17.5%) cases and decreased beat to beat variability in 17 (7.8%) cases. In 33 (15.2%) babies the 5 minutes Apgar score was <7 out of which 13 (5.9%) babies had cord tH <7.10. Thirty three (15.2%) babies required NICU admission for suspected birth asphyxia. Rest 184 (84.7%) neonates were born healthy and cared for by mother. Regarding decision to delivery interval of ≤30 minutes versus >30 minutes, there was no significant difference in the incidence of Apgar score <7 at 5 minutes, cord pH <7.10 and new born babies requiring immediate ventilation. But the need for admission to NICU in the group of D-D interval ≤ 30 minutes was significantly higher compared to the other group where D-D interval was >30 minutes. Conclusion  Non-reassuring fetal heart rate detected by CTG did not correlate well with adverse neonatal outcome. There was no significant difference in immediate adverse neonatal outcome whether the D-D time interval was ≤ 30 minutes or >30 minutes; contrary to this, NICU admission for suspected birth asphyxia in ≤ 30 minutes group was significantly higher.     

Significance of meconium during labour and its correlation with umbilical cord blood studies

Continuous intrapartum fetal heart rate (FHR) monitoring with external cardiotocograph, and umbilical cord blood acid base analysis was done in 210 patients. One hundred cases who had meconium stained liquor formed the study group and 110 cases who had clear liquor formed the control group. There was higher incidence of low Apgar score (0–7) at one minute in study group as compared to the control, but no significant difference was found in the Apgar score at five minutes. There was significantly higher incidence of low Apgar score (0–7) in neonates with thick meconium as compared to controls at one and five minutes. The frequency of abnormal fetal heart rate patterns in both the groups showed no significant variation. The duration of exposure to meconium had no influence on the fetal outcome. Appearance of meconium alone did not seem to be a definitive sign of fetal distress warranting immediate delivery, but thick meconium with ominous fetal heart rate pattern, was significantly predictive of fetal distress. Presence of meconium was found to be indication for intense fetal monitoring in labour.     

Evaluation of umbilical cord pH and its relationship with Apgar score in term newborn infants

The value of the Apgar score as an index of birth asphyxia has been recently questioned. The purpose of the present study is to evaluate the relationship between cord blood pH and Apgar score in term newborn infants.A cross-sectional study involving 76 term newborn infants was performed from March through September 1995 at the Obstetric Unit of Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre. The blood samples were obtained from umbilical cord artery and vein at the moment of delivery. Infants were divided in three different groups according to the Apgar score: Group A (n=60): >or=7 at one and five minutes; Group B (n=13): < 7 at one minute and >or=7 at five minutes; Group C (n=3): < 7 at one and five minutes. The frequency of acidemia in Group A was 18.3% (11 newborn infants) considering arterial pH < 7.20 and 5% considering arterial pH or= 7.20 and nine (56.2%) had arterial pH > 7.10. None of the newborn infants in Group C had arterial pH > 7.10. The sensitivity and specificity values for Apgar score less than 7 at one minute for detection of fetal acidemia were, respectively, 54.1% and 94.1%. This study confirms a poor correlation between Apgar score and umbilical blood cord pH, even in a term newborn, and emphasizes the importance of obtaining umbilical cord pH to consider the diagnosis of perinatal asphyxia.     

新生儿生后早期外周动脉血气分析评估缺氧损伤的意义

目的探讨生后早期外周动脉血气分析对于新生儿窒息病情评判的临床价值。方法选取2012年3月至2013年4月本院新生儿科收治的足月窒息新生儿为观察组,其中1 min Apgar评分4-7者为轻度窒息组,≤3分者为重度窒息组,同期随机选取无窒息的足月新生儿为对照组,各组新生儿均在生后1 h内取右手桡动脉血进行血气分析并比较。将窒息组按外周动脉血气pH值分为〉7.25、7.0-7.25、〈7.0三组,比较各组发生脏器功能受损的比例。结果轻度窒息组98例,重度窒息组24例,对照组86例。各组新生儿性别、胎龄、出生体重、分娩方式、取血时间等差异均无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。对照组pH值和BE值均高于轻、重度窒息组[pH：（7.38±0.06）比（7.16±0.08）、（7.10±0.09）,BE：（-4.1±0.5）mmol/L比（-11.1±4.6）mmol/L、（-14.4±2.6）mmol/L,P〈0.05],轻、重度窒息组之间差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。窒息组患儿中,外周动脉血气pH值〉7.25组、7.0~7.25组和〈7.0组发生脏器功能受损的比例分别为53.3%、88.9%、100%,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论 Apgar评分的轻重程度不能完全代表窒息的程度,生后1 h内外周动脉血气分析检测是弥补其不足的一项客观指标。     

脐动脉血pH值在新生儿窒息中的意义和价值

目的：由于Apgar评分的局限性,有可能造成新生儿窒息的误诊和漏诊,为弥补其不足,探讨脐动脉血pH值在新生儿窒息诊治中的意义和价值。方法：对经胎心电子监护异常的单胎足月新生儿140例,出生后立即采集脐动脉血进行pH值测定,同时给予生后1 min及5 min Apgar评分,对于62例1 min Apgar≤7分者,窒息复苏后立即转入儿科病房观察治疗,进行血清肌钙蛋白Ⅰ（CTnI）和脏器损伤指标的检测,并进行统计学分析。结果：脐动脉血pH值与出生后1 min和5 min Apgar评分呈正相关(r=0.513和0.478,均P＜0.01),Apgar评分愈低,脐动脉血pH值愈低,各分值组之间差异有显著性（P＜0.01）。出生后1 min及5 min Apgar评分与血清CTnI呈负相关（r=-0.614和-0.569,均P＜0.01）。脐动脉血pH值＞7.20,7.00~7.20,＜7.00相对应的血清CTnI值分别为（31.82±8.63）ng/L,（53.24±11.18）ng/L和（79.36±18.51）ng/L,随脐动脉血pH值的降低, 血清CTnI值明显升高(P＜0.01)。脏器损伤的发生率随Apgar评分的降低而升高（P＜0.05）,两者呈负相关(r=-0.548和-0.496,均P＜0.01)。脐动脉血pH值＞7.2,7.00~7.20,＜7.00相应的脏器损伤发生率分别为36.4％,60.0％及83.3％,脏器损伤的发生率随脐动脉血pH值的降低而升高（P＜0.05）, 两者呈负相关(r=-0.578,P＜0.05)。结论：①脐动脉血pH值和Apgar评分具有相关性,可作为诊断新生儿窒息的敏感指标之一,与Apgar评分相互补充。②脐动脉血pH值对于诊断新生儿窒息,判断病情轻重及预后评估具有重要临床意义。［中国当代儿科杂志,2009,11（7）：521-524］     

Cardiopulmonary resuscitation of apparently stillborn infants: survival and long-term outcome

To determine the outcome of apparently stillborn infants who received cardiopulmonary resuscitation, we studied the short- and long-term outcome of 93 infants who had an Apgar score of 0 at 1 minute of age and were resuscitated at birth. Sixty-two (66.6%) responded and left the delivery room alive; 26 (42%) of the 62 infants died in the neonatal period and 36 infants were discharged home; of the 36 infants, three subsequently died during infancy. Of the 33 survivors, ten were lost to follow-up after discharge. Developmental assessment of 23 of 33 long-term survivors revealed normal outcome in 14 (61.7%), abnormal results in 6 (26%), and suspect status in 3 (13%). Fifty-eight infants had an Apgar score of 0 at greater than or equal to 10 minutes of age and all except one died; the surviving infant has an abnormal developmental outcome. We conclude that 39% of apparently stillborn infants who were resuscitated survived beyond the neonatal period and that 61% of the 23 survivors who were available for developmental follow-up had normal development at the time of last examination. Survival was unlikely if there was no response after 10 minutes of resuscitation.     

Asphyxia neonatorum: A clinical evaluation of 60 affected infants

Summary The study of 60 asphyxiated babies revealed the following conclusions: Maternal medication for obstetric analgesia should be used sparingly and the dose of pethidine should not be increased beyond 50 mg. Excess dose is an important cause of asphyxia neonatorum (5 cases). Neonates delivered by caesarian section had a high incidence of asphyxia and morbidity in the form of neurological manifestations. Abnormal foetal presentation raised the risk of asphyxia in neonates. The clinical evaluation by Apgar scoring at one and five minutes after birth may give some indication of possible neurological damage and may guide management. The prompt recognition and management of asphyxiated babies would prevent brain damage.     

Effect of birth asphyxia on serum calcium levels in neonates

Serum calcium and phosphorus levels were measured at birth, 6 hours, 24 hours, and on 5th day of life in 35 neonates with birth asphyxia (one-minute Apgar score of 6 or less), and in 37 neonates without asphyxia (one-minute Apgar score of 7 or more). Infants were divided into three groups: FT-AGA (n=30, asphyxia=15), FT-IUGR (n=20, asphyxia=10) and PT-AGA (n=22, asphyxia=10). Asphyxiated infants-FT-AGA as well as FT-IUGR-had significantly lower serum calcium levels than control infants during each of the time period studied. In PT-AGA infants with asphyxia, the serum calcium was significantly low only on 5th day of life. Lack of calcium intake, and hyperphosphatemia were identified as possible risk factors for low serum calcium in asphyxiated infants. No change in serum calcium levels was found in bicarbonatetreated asphyxiated infants in comparison to those who did not receive sodium bicarbonate. In view of the high incidence of low serum calcium in asphyxiated infants, serial monitoring of serum calcium levels is recommended in these infants.     

Neonatal resuscitation after severe asphyxia - a critical evaluation of 177 Swedish cases.

AIM: To evaluate neonatal resuscitation of infants born with severe asphyxia. METHOD: All case records of the 472 claims for financial compensation due to suspected medical malpractice in conjunction with childbirth in Sweden between 1990 and 2005 were scrutinized. Inclusion criteria were: gestational age > or =33 completed weeks, planned vaginal onset of delivery, a reactive CTG at onset of labour, neonatal asphyxia (defined as metabolic acidosis [pH of < 7.05 and/or a base excess of < -12]), or an Apgar score <7 at 5 min. It was assessed that 177 infants suffered from cerebral palsy or early death due to severe asphyxia presumably caused by malpractice around labour. RESULTS: Median Apgar score at 5 min was 3, indicating that all infants needed immediate and extensive resuscitation. There was insufficient adherence to guidelines concerning neonatal resuscitation, including delayed initiation of excessive resuscitation in 19 infants, lack of satisfactory ventilation in 79 infants, and untimely interruption of resuscitation in 38 infants. CONCLUSIONS: Compliance with guidelines for resuscitation of severely asphyctic newborn may be improved, especially concerning ventilation and prompt paging for skilled personnel in cases of imminent asphyxia. Documentation of neonatal resuscitation must be improved to enable reliable evaluation.