人工血管移植治疗孤立性髂动脉瘤的手术探讨

目的探讨孤立性髂动脉瘤的手术治疗方法,包括复杂病理情况下动脉瘤切除、人工血管移植以及吻合口处理和缝合问题。方法回顾性总结1997年1月至2007年6月间收治的33例孤立性髂动脉瘤的临床资料,其中单侧髂动脉瘤29例,双侧4例。均在全身麻醉下行动脉瘤切除、人工血管移植血管重建术。结果4例双侧病变中,行主动脉-双侧股动脉人工血管移植1例,主动脉-双侧髂总动脉人工血管移植3例;29例单侧病变中,主动脉-髂总动脉人工血管移植1例,髂动脉-股动脉人工血管移植3例,髂总动脉-髂外动脉人工血管移植21例,髂总-髂总动脉转流4例。33例平均随访5（0.5-10）年。2例分别于术后3年和6年死于急性脑梗塞和心肌梗塞,1例术后2年死于交通事故,余健康存活,无复发,无吻合口狭窄或下肢缺血表现。结论动脉瘤切除人工血管移植是治疗孤立性髂动脉瘤的良好措施,仍然是目前医疗条件下有效治疗本病的主要手术方式。     

术中髂动脉支架结合股动脉旁路术治疗多节段动脉硬化闭塞症

目的 探讨术中髂动脉腔内成形及支架植入结合股-Guo动脉旁路术治疗多节段动脉硬化闭塞症的初步临床经验。方法 采用术中同时行髂动脉腔内成形和支架植入结合股-Guo动脉旁路术治疗多节段动脉硬化闭塞症10例（12条肢体）。结果 术中11条髂动脉行腔内成形和支架植入均获成功,9条肢体行股-Guo动脉人工血管旁路术,3条肢体行股-股-Guo动脉人工血管旁路系列转流术;1条肢体股-Guo动脉旁路术失败,本组患者无重要脏器并发症和手术死亡。平均随访时间6个月（1-12个月,髂动脉腔内支架通畅率100%;3条股-股动脉耻骨上人工血管转流均通畅;而股-Guo动脉人工血管通畅率83.3%;截肢率8.3%。结论 术中髂动脉腔内支架结合股-Guo动脉旁路术是治疗多节段动脉硬化闭塞症的安全、有效方法。     

腹膜后途径行主髂动脉重建的体会

目的总结腹膜后途径行主髂动脉重建的经验体会。方法28例患者在全身麻醉或硬膜外麻醉下接受了腹膜后途径主、髂动脉重建术,其中右侧8例,左侧20例。术式包括腹主动脉瘤切除加人工血管置换;腹主动脉内膜剥脱加补片成形;降主-腹主动脉人工血管转流;腹膜后肿物切除加髂总-股动脉人工血管转流;髂动脉瘤切除加腹主-髂外动脉人工血管转流;腹主-右髂总动脉异物取出;髂总动脉内膜剥脱;腹主-股动脉人工血管转流;髂总动脉．股动脉人工血管转流;髂总．股．胭动脉人工血管转流。术毕腹膜后腔放置胶管引流24例。结果28例患者手术全部成功,围手术期无死亡,术毕重建血管动脉搏动良好。术中出血150—400ml(平均240m1);术中2例患者输血;术后腹膜后腔引流量为50—170ml(平均85m1);术后平均28h拔除胃管。术后除心功能不全、应激性溃疡及腹膜后血肿各1例外,其余患者均未出现明显心、脑、肾、呼吸及消化系统并发症。22例患者随访3个月至2．5年。1例患者术后2年死于急性心梗,1例髂-股-腘动脉转流的患者术后10个月股-腘动脉段转流血管闭塞,1例患者术后近1．5年时虽患肢情况良好,但突发脑出血,其余患者均正常生活。结论腹膜后途径在充分显露主髂动脉的基础上,保证了腹膜腔的完整性,大大降低对胃肠道以及呼吸系统的影响,减少了术后肠麻痹以及呼吸系统并发症,避免了术后肠黏连、机械性肠梗阻的发生,是一种较为简便安全的主髂动脉手术途径。     

微创技术结合外科手术治疗重症下肢缺血

目的 探讨术中血管微创治疗技术结合外科手术治疗重症下肢缺血的初步临床经验。方法 1999年7月至2000年10月,采用术中同时行髂动脉腔内微创治疗技术(球囊扩张和支架植入)结合肢体远端动脉重建术治疗广泛多节段动脉硬化闭塞症15例(20条肢体)。结果 术中17条髂动脉微创介入治疗均获成功,11条肢体同时行股-腘动脉人工血管旁路术,3条肢体行股-股-腘动脉人工血管旁路系列转流术,5条肢体行股深动脉成形术。其中有1条肢体股-腘动脉旁路术失败。本组患者无重要脏器并发症和手术死亡。平均随访时间8个月(1-16个月),髂动脉腔内支架通畅率100％,3条股-股动脉耻骨上人工血管转流均通畅,而股-腘动脉人工血管通畅率78．6％,截肢率10．0％。结论 术中髂动脉腔内微创介入治疗技术同时结合远端动脉重建术是治疗广泛多节段动脉硬化闭塞症的害全右特肯沸．     

267例主髂动脉闭塞的手术治疗经验

目的 探讨肾动脉开口水平以下腹主动脉闭塞及髂动脉闭塞的手术方式选择及治疗经验。方法 回顾性分析267例主、髂动脉闭塞患者的临床资料。结果 267例患者全部行手术治疗。行腹主动脉－髂（股）动脉人工血管转流术145例,髂动脉－股动脉人工血管转流术40例,股动脉－股动脉人工血管转流术45例,腋动脉－股动脉人工血管转流术37例。总有效率为96．5％,围手术期病死率为3．5％。267例中178例得到随访,平均随访时间5年9个月,人工血管通畅率为82．0％。结论 符合正常血液动力学手术的主要术式是腹主动脉－（双）髂、股动脉人工血管转流术,对于年老、体弱者,特别是全身一般状况较差,伴有冠心病、高血压、脑动脉硬化、脑梗塞等慢性疾病的患者,应采用腋动脉－（双）髂股动脉人工血管转流术或股动脉－股动脉人工血管转流术,可明显减低手术病死率。     

股-股深动脉人工血管旁路术治疗单侧长段髂股动脉硬化闭塞症

目的 评价股-股深动脉人工血管移植旁路术治疗单侧髂股动脉长段硬化闭塞症的长期疗效.方法 回顾性分析1995年7月至2010年12月收治的40例单侧长段髂股动脉硬化闭塞症患者的临床资料,其中男28例,女12例;年龄66 ～ 90岁,平均(73±6)岁.所有患者的诊断经CT动脉造影证实,单侧髂总动脉,髂外动脉,股总动脉和股浅动脉硬化闭塞.均采用股-股深动脉人工血管旁路术治疗,术前、后检测血管流速,踝/肱指数.使用Kaplan-Meier方法分析5、7、10年累积通畅率和5、7、10年保肢率.结果 本组患者在围手术期无死亡和截肢.35例(87.5％)随访1 ～13年,平均(5.7±2.8)年.ABI由术前平均0.23±0.10升至术后0.55±0.11,差异有统计学意义(t=15.91,P=0.000).术前彩超检测腘动脉及胫动脉平均血流速度分别为(14±6)cm/s和(10±4) cm/s,术后分别升至(34±10)cm/s和(22±7)cm/s.术后5、7、10年一二期累计通畅率分别为:60.1％,44.3％,25.3％和93.5％,86.8％,57.9％.术后5,7,10年保肢率分别为:97.5％,95％和90％.结论 治疗单侧髂股动脉长段闭塞症,股-股深人工血管旁路术安全有效,本术式可用于不适合腔内治疗和开腹手术的患者.     

髂外-腘动脉人工血管交叉转流术治疗髂股动脉硬化闭塞症

目的 探讨髂外动脉-腘动脉人工血管移植交义转流术治疗单侧髂股动脉硬化广泛性闭塞的疗效.方法 1999年9月至2007年10月39例患者经血管彩超、CT血管造影(CTA)或数字减影血管造影(DSA)检查,证实单侧髂股动脉硬化广泛性闭塞;静息痛25例,14例足趾溃疡或坏疽,平均踝/肱指数0.19;采用健侧髂外动脉-患侧胴动脉人工血管移植交叉转流术,左转至右22例,右转至左17例.结果 围手术期无死亡及截肢患者.踝/肱指数由术前平均0.19术后升至0.94;术前以80 m/min速度行走,跛行距离15～60 m,术后(100～120)m/min行走,距离增至350～500 m或>500 m;术后血管彩超检测胭动脉平均血流速为45 cm/s,胫前(后)动脉术前极少量血流信号,术后平均血流速41 cm/s.35例(89.7%)平均随访3.4年,3年一二期累计通畅率85.7%,其中4例截肢,保肢率88.6%.结论 髂外动脉-腘动脉人工血管移植交叉转流术是治疗单侧髂股动脉闭塞可行有效的方法,尤其适宜全身状态较差,合并有重要器官病变的老年患者.     

手术治疗锁骨下动脉闭塞症

目的探讨锁骨下动脉闭塞症的有效手术治疗方法。方法 2005年12月-2010年2月,收治锁骨下动脉闭塞症53例。男40例,女13例;年龄22～77岁,平均64岁。病程15d～20个月,平均6.5个月。动脉硬化闭塞症49例,大动脉炎4例。左锁骨下动脉闭塞35例,狭窄5例;右锁骨下动脉闭塞5例,狭窄4例;双侧锁骨下动脉闭塞4例。对39例单侧锁骨下动脉闭塞伴颈、脑动脉病变者采用腋动脉-腋动脉聚四氟乙烯(polytetra?uoroethylene,PTFE)人工血管转流术;10例不伴颈、脑动脉病变者行颈动脉-锁骨下动脉PTFE人工血管转流术。4例双侧锁骨下动脉闭塞者采用升主动脉-双锁骨下动脉PTFE人工血管转流术。术后常规应用抗凝及抗血小板药物治疗。结果 1例大动脉炎患者术后48h动脉吻合口及人工血管血栓形成;余52例手术均获成功,手术成功率98.11%。术中神经钳夹损伤2例,术后双侧吻合口周围血肿4例,均经保守治疗痊愈。52例手术成功患者均获随访,随访时间1～52个月,平均24.5个月。患者均存活,术前椎基底动脉及上肢动脉缺血症状均消失。彩色超声多普勒血流探测仪检查见吻合口及人工血管血流通畅,术后1年及2年人工血管通畅率均为100%;患侧椎动脉血流方向恢复正常。1例术后18个月出现腋动脉吻合口假性动脉瘤,行介入栓塞治愈。结论锁骨下动脉闭塞症的治疗术式较多,但应根据患者全身情况和病变特点进行合理选择。围手术期的正确处理及术中严格操作,是保证手术成功的关键。     

白塞病并发动脉瘤12例的外科治疗体会

目的总结白塞病并发动脉瘤的外科手术和腔内治疗经验。方法对1977年6月至2006年3月收治的12例白塞病患者并发21个动脉瘤进行回顾性分析。腹主动脉瘤3个,升主动脉瘤1个,髂动脉瘤4个,髂动脉吻合口假性动脉瘤1个,股总动脉瘤3个,股浅动脉瘤2个,腘动脉瘤2个,椎动脉瘤1个,锁骨下动脉瘤2个。颈动脉瘤1个和肠系膜上动脉瘤1个。21个动脉瘤中,行外科手术14个,包括动脉瘤切除、人工血管或自体大隐静脉移植术12个,动脉瘤切除、病变动脉结扎术2个;行支架型人工血管腔内修复术6个;1个升主动脉瘤因患者全身情况差,行保守治疗。结果围手术期死亡患者2例,其中1例行外科手术,1例行腔内修复术。术后吻合口假性动脉瘤1例（1个）,其他部位新动脉瘤形成7个,下肢血管移植物闭塞2例,但患肢无明显缺血坏死。6例患者随访3-293个月,随访中位时间28个月,1例死于肺癌。结论白塞病动脉瘤一旦发生,需积极处理。术前、术后积极免疫抑制治疗可降低外科手术和腔内修复术后并发症发生。因术后有吻合口和其他部位假性动脉瘤复发及血管移植物闭塞可能,需长期随访、及时处理。     

经人工血管腔内治疗转流后血管通路狭窄

目的 探讨经人工血管径路的血管腔内治疗的安全性与疗效.方法 17例人工血管转流术后患者,16例吻合口狭窄伴有人工血管血栓形成(10例同时有流人道或流出道狭窄),1例仅有流入道狭窄.局麻下,16例(有吻合口狭窄和人工血管血栓形成)在人工血管取栓后行血管腔内治疗;1例直接经皮穿刺人工血管行血管腔内治疗.观察转流血管的通畅情况.结果 13例远端吻合口,1例近端吻合口各置入支架1枚,2例远端吻合口放置支架失败(10例同时行髂动脉、腘动脉、胫后或胫前动脉支架置入或球囊扩张术),1例只行股总动脉支架置入.随访时间为1～35个月,平均为(12±4)个月;2例下肢缺血加重,其中1例出现足部及小腿的坏疽,1周后行膝上截肢术,另1例又行转流术;1例3个月后又出现下肢缺血症状,1例6个月后死于心肌梗死,其他病例血管仍保持通畅.结论 经人工血管径路的血管腔内治疗,创伤小,近期疗效尚可,为处理人工血管转流术后吻合口狭窄、流人道和流出道病变添加了一种方法.     

Treatment of unilateral iliac artery disease by femorofemoral bypass grafting.

Between Jan. 1, 1970 and June 30, 1977, 50 men and 23 women underwent femorofemoral bypass grafting. The average age of the group was 64.7 years. The procedure was performed for disabling claudication in 50 patients and for limb threatening ischemia in 23. Knitted Dacron grafts were used in all but two patients. The operative mortality was 4.1% and the late mortality 21.9%. There were six complications related to the prostheses, three infected grafts and three false aneurysms. Thrombosis of the graft occurred in 15 patients; the graft was successfully revised in 2. The cumulative 5-year patency rate determined by life-table methods was 73.4%. The causes of failure appeared to be well defined and unilateral iliac artery disease. The donor iliac artery, poor runoff through a diseases deep femoral artery on the recipient side and infection of the graft. This study indicates that femoro-femoral bypass has a definite place in the management of patients with unilateral iliac artery disease. The procedure can be performed on selected patients with a low operative mortality and an acceptable patency rate.     

剖解外腋—股,股—股动脉旁路移植术治疗主髂动脉闭塞症

目的 探讨剖解外腋－股、股－股动脉旁路移植术治疗主髂动脉闭塞症的疗效。方法 采用解剖外旁路移植术治疗主骼动脉闭塞症患者３２例。１８例腹主动脉或两侧髂动脉闭塞者采用腋－股动脉旁路术,其中２例为腋－两股动脉旁路术;１４例单侧髂动脉闭塞者采用股－对侧股动脉旁路术。采用腋－肌动脉旁路的患者,术中８例用真丝人造血管移植,１０例四氟乙烯（Ｇｏｒｅ－Ｔｅｘ）人造血管;股－股动脉旁路术中６例用真丝人造血管移植,１     

Eighteen-year experience with femoro-femoral bypass

BACKGROUND: The role of femoro-femoral bypass in the management of aorto-iliac occlusive disease has evolved during the past two decades. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the early and long-term outcomes of femoro-femoral bypass grafts performed at the University of Hong Kong Medical Centre during an 18-year period. METHODS: From 1981 to 1998, a retrospective analysis of 61 patients who underwent femoro-femoral bypass at the University of Hong Kong Medical Centre was undertaken. Data on demographic features and results of surgical intervention were reviewed. Early outcomes (morbidity, mortality and improvement of clinical category) and long-term outcomes (graft patency, patient survival and limb salvage rates) were analysed. RESULTS: The postoperative morbidity and mortality rates were 16% and 7%, respectively. Clinical success was achieved in 48 patients (79%) after operation. The primary patency of femoro-femoral bypass was 86%, 79% and 71% at 1, 3 and 5 years, respectively. The limb salvage rate was 85% at 3 years. The cumulative survival rate of the study population was 89%, 82% and 73% at 1, 3 and 5 years, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Femoro-femoral bypass was successful in relieving ischaemic pain and limb salvage in approximately 80% of patients. A 5-year patency rate of 71% was achieved. Femoro-femoral bypass remains a valuable surgical procedure for limb salvage in poor-risk patients with unilateral iliac artery occlusion.     

Ancillary techniques to facilitate endovascular repair of aortic aneurysms.

PURPOSE: The ability to treat abdominal aortoiliac aneurysms and thoracic aortic aneurysms may be limited by coexisting arterial disease. Device deployment may be impaired by occlusive disease and tortuosity of the arteries used to access the aneurysm or by suitability of the implantation sites. In this study we describe the auxiliary procedures performed to circumvent these obstacles and thereby enable endovascular aneurysm repair. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Between January 1, 1993, and December 31, 1999, 390 patients treated for aneurysm of the aorta with endovascular devices were entered prospectively in a vascular registry. Fifty (12%) of the 390 patients required adjunctive surgical techniques to (1) create or extend the length of the proximal or distal device implantation site or (2) permit device navigation through diseased iliac arteries. Auxiliary techniques used to extend or enhance implantation sites were elephant trunk graft (n = 2), the construction of renovisceral bypass grafts (n = 1), and subclavian artery transposition (n = 2). Plication of the common iliac artery at its bifurcation was performed in conjunction with femorofemoral bypass graft in nine patients to allow preservation of pelvic circulation by avoiding internal iliac artery sacrifice. Construction of a bypass graft to transpose the internal iliac artery orifice was performed in one patient. The auxiliary techniques used to facilitate device navigation were iliac artery angioplasty or stenting (n = 8), external iliac artery endovascular endarterectomy or straightening (n = 14), endoluminal iliofemoral bypass conduit (n = 5), and the construction of an open iliofemoral bypass conduit (n = 8). RESULTS: Successful deployment of the endovascular devices was achieved in 49 (98%) of 50 patients. Auxiliary techniques were successful in providing access for endovascular device deployment in all 35 patients (100%). Mean follow-up for techniques to facilitate device navigation is 26 months for endovascular procedures and 42 months for the open bypass graft construction patients; no occlusions were observed at this moment. There were five patients with incisional hematomas that did not necessitate intervention. Fourteen (94%) of 15 patients underwent successful device implantation after the auxiliary maneuvers to enhance implantation site. Mean follow-up for implantation site manipulation is 28 months. One of the subclavian transpositions had a new onset of Horner's syndrome, two of nine patients who had common iliac artery ligated had retroperitoneal hematomas that did not necessitate interventions, and no colon ischemia was seen. The patient who underwent nonanatomic bypass grafting of viscero-renal arteries had a retroperitoneal hematoma that necessitated reexploration. CONCLUSIONS: Significant coexisting arterial disease may be encountered in patients with aortic or iliac aneurysms. Identification of coexisting arterial diseases is essential to help tailor the appropriate supplemental surgical procedure to allow the performance of endovascular aneurysm repair in patients who would otherwise require open surgical repair.     

个体化血管重建术治疗下肢多平面动脉硬化闭塞症

目的 观察序贯立交搭桥或结合腔内技术治疗下肢多平面动脉硬化闭塞症的临床效果。方法 2004年4月～2005年7月，对11例14条下肢多平面动脉硬化闭塞症患者，采用序贯立交搭桥或动脉内膜剥脱术或腔内外结合手术治疗。其中男10例，女1例；年龄62～79岁，平均70．5岁。表现为间歇性跛行8例（FontaineⅡ期），静息痛3例（Fontaine Ⅲ期），足趾溃疡、坏疽1例（FontaineⅣ期）。彩色多普勒检查示14条下肢均为多平面动脉硬化闭塞，踝肱指数（ankle brachialindex，ABI）为0．36±0．11。下肢数字减影血管造影（digital subtraction angiography，DSA）显示双侧髂总动脉闭塞2em、髂外动脉闭塞、双侧股浅动脉闭塞3例，右侧髂总动脉狭窄、髂外动脉闭塞、双侧股浅动脉闭塞1例，单侧髂外动脉狭窄、股浅动脉闭塞7例。术后行DSA、彩色多普勒检查及ABI测定，观察血管通畅情况。结果 术后无死亡。患者均获随访3～26个月，平均14．5个月。间歇性跛行、静息痛等症状均消失，ABI术后为0．89±0．13，与术前比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。肢体获救率100％。术后3～280d行下肢DSA显示转流血管通畅率为92．86％（13／14）。结论 序贯立交搭桥或腔内外手术结合，是治疗严重下肢多平面动脉硬化闭塞症的一种可靠、安全、相对微创的治疗方法。     

Adverse consequences of internal iliac artery occlusion during endovascular repair of abdominal aortic aneurysms

OBJECTIVE: Embolization of the internal iliac artery (IIA) may be performed during endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) repair if aneurysmal disease of the common iliac artery precludes graft placement proximal to the IIA orifice. The IIA may also be unintentionally occluded because of iliac trauma or coverage by the endograft. The purpose of this study was to determine the incidence, etiology, and consequences of IIA occlusion during endoluminal AAA repair. METHODS: Over 2 years, 96 patients have undergone endoluminal AAA repair. The details of the operative procedure, reasons for IIA occlusion, perioperative complications, and clinical follow-up were recorded. RESULTS: The IIA was intentionally occluded in 15 patients (16%) to treat 13 common iliac artery aneurysms, one IIA aneurysm, and one external iliac artery aneurysm. The IIA was unintentionally occluded in 9 patients (9%), resulting from traumatic iliac dissection in 5 patients and coverage of the IIA by the endograft in the remaining 4 patients. Three patients had colon ischemia. One patient with a unilateral IIA occlusion had sigmoid infarction necessitating resection. The other two patients underwent intentional occlusion of one IIA followed by unintentional occlusion of the contralateral IIA because of a traumatic iliac dissection. Both had postoperative abdominal pain and distention; rectosigmoid ischemia was revealed through colonoscopy. Conservative treatment with bowel rest and broad-spectrum antibiotics was successful in both cases. Nondisabling hip and buttock claudication occurred in seven patients (32%) at 1 month but resolved by 6 months in three of these patients. CONCLUSION: Embolization of the IIA for iliac aneurysmal disease and unintentional IIA occlusion due to trauma or graft coverage occurs in a considerable number of patients undergoing endoluminal AAA repair. Most patients with unilateral occlusion do not experience colon ischemia or disabling claudication. Therefore, unilateral embolization of the IIA is well tolerated and allows for the endoluminal treatment of patients with both an AAA and an iliac artery aneurysm, thereby expanding the number of patients who can be managed with an endovascular approach. Although acute, bilateral IIA occlusions should be avoided, significant consequences were not observed in our small series of patients.     

Long-term results of 44 cross-over bypasses

Forty-four patients with an unilateral iliac obstruction were treated with a cross-over bypass. The ASPI at rest in the recipient leg was 0.53 +/- 0.16 pre-operatively and had increased to 0.82 +/- 0.13 3 months after operation (p less than 0.001). One patient died within 30 days of operation and in another graft thrombosis occurred within this period. In 2 patients above-knee amputation had to be performed owing to graft failure. During the follow-up period (3 months to 10 years) 9 patients died and 8 late graft failures (30 days) occurred without limb loss. The cumulative patency rate amounted to 73.7% after 5 years. A significant steal effect could not be demonstrated. The cross-over bypass is a procedure justified in unilateral iliac occlusion in high- and moderate risk patients with intermittent claudication and pain at rest or gangrene.     

Profunda Femoris as an Access Site Vessel for a Hybrid Approach to the Treatment of a Para-Anastomotic Common Iliac Artery Aneurysm and Intermittent Claudication,Occurring after Previous Abdominal Aortic Tube Graft Repair and Femoro-Femoral Bypass Graft. A Case Report

A true para-anastomotic right common iliac artery aneurysm and intermittent claudication developed in a 76-year-old man 5 years after open abdominal aortic aneurysm repair with a Dacron tube graft. Following the initial operation the patient developed acute left iliac occlusive disease necessitating an immediate right-to-left femoro-femoral crossover bypass graft. The patient was a poor open surgical candidate because of multiple medical comorbidities. Therefore, a hybrid approach was used consisting of exposure and catheterization of the right profunda femoris artery, which was used as the access site vessel for the deployment of a covered stent graft extending from the ostium of the common iliac artery into the external iliac artery. Simultaneously, the right profunda femoris provided inflow for an open above-knee profunda femoro-popliteal bypass graft to perfuse the right lower extremity. Postoperative angiography demonstrated primary technical success, with exclusion of the aneurysm and no endoleak. The patient is doing well 34 months postoperatively, with a patent endograft and no sign of intermittent claudication. Profunda femoris proved to be an excellent alternative to the common femoral artery for the application of a hybrid technique in a high-risk patient with complicated anatomy.     

Ilio-femoral and femoro-femoral crossover grafting. Analysis of an 11-year experience

Experience with 131 crossover arterial bypass grafts for lower limb revascularization has been reviewed. Ninety-nine grafts were placed as a primary procedure for unilateral iliac artery occlusive (97) or aneurysmal (2) disease. In contrast 32 grafts were placed as a secondary procedure following the failure of a previous unilateral or bilateral conventional aorto-iliac reconstruction. Fifteen patients were not suitable for a crossover procedure without the addition of a concomitant donor limb inflow reconstruction. The one month operative mortality rate was 6.1%. The five-year cumulative patency rate was 71.4% +/- 6.0 in primary procedures and 38.1% +/- 11.3 in secondary procedures (p less than 0.05). No difference in the success rate was shown when the vein graft patency curve was compared with the synthetic graft patency curve. However, the use of a small caliber vein (6 mm or less) resulted in the lowest patency rate. No other factors affecting patency were found. This report tends to support the fact that ilio-femoral or femoro-femoral crossover bypass is a safe and effective procedure for managing unilateral iliac artery occlusive disease. With proper selection of patients, a wider use of the method is justified.