2型糖尿病家系正常血糖一级亲属血清肿瘤坏死因子-α水平的研究

目的探讨2型糖尿病家系正常血糖一级亲属血清肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)的变化与胰岛素抵抗(IR)之间的关系.方法测定50例2型糖尿病家系正常血耱一级亲属(FDR)及30例健康人的TNF-α水平,计算胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR),分析两组之间的变化和联系.结果FDR组血清TNF-α水平明显高于对照组,多元逐步回归分析显示胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR)是主要影响因素.结论FDR人群存在早期胰岛素抵抗(IR),血清TNF-α是显示IR程度的重要指标.     

广西百色壮族2型糖尿病家系一级亲属胰岛β功能状态与胰岛素抵抗情况调查

目的:研究广西百色壮族2型糖尿病(T2DM)家系正常糖耐量一级亲属成员(一级亲属)的胰岛β细胞功能变化和胰岛素抵抗情况,为我区壮族T2DM的一级预防提供依据。方法:收集广西百色地区壮族T2DM家系45个,在排除DM和糖耐量损害的前提下,选择一级亲属为研究组(83例),先证者的配偶或其同胞的配偶为正常对照组(76例),检测所有受试者的空腹血糖(FBG)、胰岛素(FINS)、胰岛素原(FPI)、血脂水平,计算各组HOMA模型β细胞功能指数(HOMA-β)及胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR),用于评价胰岛β细胞功能和胰岛素抵抗。结果:一级亲属组的HOMA-IR、甘油三酯(TG)、FPI、FINS显著高于正常对照组(P<0.05或P<0.01),高密度脂蛋白(HDL)显著低于正常对照组(P<0.05),HOMA-β两组差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:广西百色壮族T2DM家系一级亲属在未发生DM时已存在胰岛素抵抗和脂代谢紊乱,但胰岛β细胞功能无明显改变。胰岛素抵抗可能是T2DM发病的始动因素。     

2型糖尿病患者正常血糖一级亲属脂联素水平及相关因素分析

目的:探讨2型糖尿病患者正常血糖一级亲属(简称FDR)血清脂联素水平的变化及影响因素.方法:选择测定50例2型糖尿病患者正常血糖一级亲属(分为正常体重组和肥胖组)和30例健康人,检测其血清脂联素、血脂、空腹胰岛素水平,采用稳态模型计算胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR)和胰岛功能(HOMA-B).结果:2型糖尿病患者一级亲属血清脂联素水平明显低于正常人(P＜0.05);HOMA-IR是影响血清脂联素水平的最重要因素(β＝-0.405,P＜0.01).结论:2型糖尿病患者一级亲属存在血清脂联素水平的下降,脂联素可能与糖尿病的发病有关.     

2型糖尿病非糖尿病一级亲属胰岛素抵抗临床研究

目的:观察2型糖尿病(T2DM),非糖尿病一级亲属与无糖尿病家族史的对照之间胰岛素抵抗(IR)程度有无区别,以及IR与体重指数(BMI)、腰臀比、糖代谢、脂代谢等指标间的关系。方法:选取39例T2DM患者、35例T2DM的非糖尿病一级亲属及39例无糖尿病家族史的正常对照,测定其体重指数(BMI)、腰围、臀围及血糖、血脂、空腹胰岛素(FINS),根据公式计算IR指数,HOMA-IR=FINS×FPG/22.5。应用SPSS10.0统计软件分析。结果:①T2DM组甘油三酯(TG)、FINS、HOMA-IR均高于对照组和非糖尿病一级亲属组,P<0.05;一级亲属组胰岛素抵抗程度高于对照组②HOMA-IR与BMI、FBG、TG、FINS、腰围、臀围正相关,P<0.05。③多元线性回归显示,HOMA-IR受FINS水平、FPG、腰围影响。结论:①T2DM和肥胖患者的胰岛素抵抗程度高于正常人。②T2DM的非糖尿病一级亲属的胰岛素抵抗程度较无家族史者更高。③人体内胰岛素抵抗程度与BMI呈负相关。     

2型糖尿病家系血清抵抗素的表达与胰岛素抵抗的相关性及临床意义

目的:研究2型糖尿病(T2DM)家系正常糖耐量一级亲属(一级亲属)血清抵抗素水平的变化,探讨抵抗素与胰岛素抵抗(IR)的关系。方法:收集广西壮族T2DM家系45个,在排除DM和糖耐量损害的前提下,选择一级亲属为观察组(83例),先证者的配偶或其同胞的配偶为正常对照组(76例),检测所有受试者的空腹血糖(FPG)、胰岛素(FINS)、胰岛素原(FPI)、血脂、抵抗素水平。采用稳态模型法(HOMA)计算胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR)。结果:一级亲属组的甘油三酯(TG)、FPI、FINS、HOMA-IR、抵抗素水平显著高于正常对照组,高密度脂蛋白(HDL)显著低于正常对照组。多元线性逐步回归分析显示:FPG、体质指数(BMI)、抵抗素是影响T2DM家系一级亲属IR的独立危险因素。结论:T2DM家系一级亲属在未发生糖尿病时已存在IR,抵抗素可影响T2DM家系一级亲属IR的程度。     

初发2型糖尿病患者体重指数、C-反应蛋白、胰岛素抵抗的相关研究

目的:探讨初发2型糖尿病患者的体重指数、C-反应蛋白与胰岛素敏感性的关系。方法:对180例初发2型糖尿患者测定身高、体重、空腹血糖、C-反应蛋白、空腹胰岛素,计算胰岛素敏感指数(ISI)、胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR)、胰岛B细胞功能(HOMA-B)。结果:初发2型糖尿患者超重肥胖组(超重组)C-反应蛋白较正常体重组(对照组)明显升高,超重肥胖组HOMA-IR、HOMA-B较体重正常组明显升高,而ISI则下降。结论:超重肥胖的初发2型糖尿患者胰岛素抵抗明显,B细胞分泌能力增加,正常体重者B细胞功能减低,C-反应蛋白水平升高与体重、胰岛素抵抗有关,炎性反应、胰岛素抵抗与2型糖尿病的发生与发展有关。     

2型糖尿病一级亲属糖耐量正常者血糖、胰岛素水平分析

目的 探讨2型糖尿病(T2DM)一级亲属糖耐最正常者血糖(BG)、胰岛素(Ins)的变化.方法 以T2DM-级亲属糖耐量正常者86例为观察组,3代无糖尿病家族史健康者85例为正常对照组,比较两组口服葡萄糖耐量试验(OGTY)中空腹及糖负荷后30、60、120 min BG、Ins水平和葡萄糖曲线下面积[Glu(AUC)]、胰岛素曲线下面积[Ins (AUC)],HOMA稳态模犁胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR)、胰岛β-细胞功能指数(HOMA-B).结果 T2DM-级亲属中糖耐量正常者OGTT中30、60、120 min BG,0、60 min Ins、Glu(AUC)、Ins(AUC).HOMA-IR均高于正常对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05～0.01).结论 T2DM一级亲属糖耐量正常者存在血糖潜在升高、高胰岛素血症和胰岛素抵抗(IR),该人群应作为DM早期防治和长期监测随访的重点.     

陕北地区2型糖尿病家系一级亲属非糖尿病者糖耐量、胰岛素、C肽的调查研究

目的 :研究陕北地区 2型糖尿病 (2型 DM)家系一级亲属非 DM者糖耐量、胰岛素、C肽的变化。方法 :对陕北地区 2型 DM家系 78个 ,排除 DM和糖耐量减退 (IGT)后 ,选择一级亲属 1 1 5例作为研究组 ,94例与研究组基本相同生活环境的无糖尿病家族史的群体家系正常人为对照组 ,并按年龄分成亚组 ,测定空腹血糖 (FPG)、胰岛素 (FINS)、C肽(FCP)、血尿酸 (SUA )及口服葡萄糖 75 g后 2 h的血糖 (2 h PG)、胰岛素 (2 h INS)和 C肽(2 h CP) ,并计算胰岛素抵抗稳态模型评估 (HOMA-IR)和胰岛 B细胞功能稳态模型评估(HOMA-B)。结果 :研究组总组 FCP升高 ,年龄小于 40岁亚组除了 FCP类似总组外 ,HOMA-IR、FINS、2 h CP均高于对照组 ;相关分析显示 ,无论是对照组还是研究组体重指数(BMI)与 FINS正相关 ,SUA与腰臀围比正相关 ,SUA与 BMI正相关 ,SUA与 FCP正相关 ,SUA与 FINS、HOMA-IR未见相关。结论 :2型 DM家系一级亲属在 IGT以前已存在胰岛素抵抗 (IR) ,并主要出现在年龄小于 40岁人群     

2型糖尿病家系一级亲属的胰岛素抵抗和胰岛β细胞功能研究

目的评估2型糖尿病家系一级亲属不同糖耐量状态下的胰岛素抵抗状况和胰岛β细胞功能。方法 440名2型糖尿病家系一级亲属分为2型糖尿病组(T2DM组,n=144)、糖调节受损组(IGR组,n=139)和糖耐量正常组(NGT组,n=157),另选取121名无糖尿病家族史、血糖异常史和妊娠糖尿病病史的糖耐量正常者作为正常对照组(NC组)。所有受试者进行口服葡萄糖耐量试验和胰岛素释放试验,以稳态模型评估的胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR)和胰岛素作用指数(IA I)评估胰岛素敏感性,以基础胰岛素分泌功能指数(HOMA-β)、早期胰岛素分泌功能指数(ΔI30/ΔG30)、修正的胰岛β细胞功能指数(MBCI)和葡萄糖处置指数(D I)评估胰岛β细胞功能。结果与NGT组和NC组比较,T2DM组和IGR组的IAI明显降低,HOMA-IR显著升高,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);T2DM组的HOMA-IR也显著高于IGR组(P<0.05);NGT组与NC组的HOMA-IR和IAI比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。胰岛β细胞功能指标比较结果显示:各项指标均为NC组>NGT组>IGR组>T2DM组,除NGT组的HOMA-β...     

2型糖尿病家系非肥胖一级亲属胰岛素敏感性和胰岛β细胞功能

目的探讨2型糖尿病(DM)家系非肥胖非糖尿病成员的胰岛素敏感性和胰岛β细胞功能变化.方法在2型DM家系中,选择非肥胖非糖尿病一级亲属65例为观察组,42名无糖尿病家族史的配偶为对照组.行口服葡萄糖耐量试验(OGTT),测定空腹血糖(FPG)、血清胰岛素(FINS)、甘油三酯(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C),计算胰岛素抵抗稳态模型评估(HOMA-IR)和胰岛β细胞功能稳态模型评估(HOMA-β),用于评价胰岛素敏感性和胰岛β细胞功能.结果观察组LDL-C水平显著高于对照组.观察组HOMA-β明显低于对照组,P<0.05.结论 2型糖尿病家系非肥胖一级亲属存在胰岛素分泌功能下降,这可能是2型糖尿病发病的始动因素.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.