Idiopathic perforation of the sigmoid colon in Japan

This is a report of a case of idiopathic perforation of the sigmoid colon, a rare condition, and a review of 65 cases collected from the Japanese literature including our own. The ratio of males to females was 4223, the ages ranged from 16 to 87 years, and 68% of the patients were in the sixth decade or older. The perforation sites were in the middle of the sigmoid colon in 43 cases, of which 79% were at the antimesenteric border, and in the rectosigmoid region in 2 cases. Several pathogenetic factors are considered to be responsible for this perforation, among which constipation and raised intra-abdominal or intraluminal pressure may be most important. In the cases associated with constipation, differential diagnosis must be made by histologic examination. Free air under the diaphragm was noted on x-ray in 46% of patients and leukopenia under 4000/mm ³ in 35% of the cases. Only 2 patients with confined perforation were diagnosed preoperatively by barium enema x-rays. The overall mortality rate was 35%. Exteriorization or resection of the perforated site resulted in the best prognosis among the various operative procedures. There were 5 instances of colocutaneous fistula in 13 patients who underwent simple closure of the perforation.     

Chronic perforation of the sigmoid colon by foreign body

Colorectal foreign bodies (FBs) may be ingested or introduced transanally and then migrate proximally. Without a reliable history, it may be impossible to determine which way a certain colorectal FB gained access. We present a case of a nonverbal mentally retarded boy with a flat piece of plastic impacted in the sigmoid colon, the colonoscopic extraction of which failed. He underwent laparotomy more than a year later to remove the FB, where chronic perforation of the sigmoid colon was discovered. The perforation was sealed with extensive adhesions to the pelvic wall, and histologically, the colon showed a chronic granulomatous reaction. We discuss the types, presentations, and diagnosis of intestinal perforation with FBs. Chronic perforation may present with radiologic and pathologic features that suggest inflammatory bowel disease.     

Traumatic perforation of the sigmoid colon through schistosomal ulcerations

A case is presented in which the colon was perforated through a S. mansoni ulcer after blunt abdominal trauma. This is believed to be a unique situation. The colonic complications of schistosomiasis are discussed, and it is expected that they will be seen more frequently in the United States.     

Giant diverticulum of the sigmoid colon with jejunal fistula

An 80-year-old woman with sigmo?d diverticula was treated by corticosteroid for Horton disease. She presented abdominal pain, and abdominal mass in left iliac fossa. Radiological examinations revealed a colo-jejunal fistula. At laparotomy it was a giant diverticulum of colon sigmoid with fistula in the jejunum. The pathogeny of giant diverticulum and the role of corticosteroid are discussed.     

Stercoraceous perforation of the sigmoid colon: Report of two cases

Stercoraceous perforation of the sigmoid colon has rarely been reported in the literature. This lesion is assumed to be produced by the pressure from a hard scybalum resulting in a perforated ulcer with necrotic edges. Two cases of stercoraceous perforation of the sigmoid colon are presented in this paper. It is difficult to diagnose this lesion preoperatively, although ultrasonograms proved useful in showing the colon perforation. This lesion should always be suspected when a patient who has had chronic constipation presents with sudden severe abdominal pain. It is possible that this lesion is becoming more common as the mean age of the population increases and we stress the importance of immediate surgery and intensive care for improving the prognosis.     

Double sigmoid colon perforation by a migrated biliary stent

The case of a female patient with a covered double perforation of the sigmoid colon is described. The perforation was due to a migrated plastic biliary stent inserted 3 weeks earlier for benign biliary obstruction and was facilitated by the presence of expressed diverticulosis of the colon. The lack of peritonitis and the early surgical procedure allowed a successful primary reconstruction after the colonic resection. Since the use of biliary stents is constantly increasing, such complications as stent migration and perforation should always be kept in mind by surgeons.     

非创伤性乙状结肠穿孔18例分析

笔者回顾性分析近8年间收治的非外伤性乙状结肠穿孔18例的临床资料。全组18例均急诊行剖腹探查，其中自发性穿孔8例，结肠癌性穿孔5例，乙状结肠扭转坏死穿孔2例，乙状结肠憩室穿孔和甲鱼骨致乙状结肠穿孔及炎性肠病穿孔各1例;行病灶Ⅰ期吻合10例，Hartmann术6例，穿孔修补、乙状结肠襻式造瘘2例。术后切口感染、切口裂开、肺部感染等并发症6例，死亡3例。自发性结肠穿孔和癌性穿孔是乙状结肠穿孔的重要原因，手术方式应根据不同病因、穿孔时间、腹腔污染情况及全身情况而定，早期诊断和手术是降低病死率的关键。     

Giant diverticulum of the sigmoid colon with perforation. Report of a case

We present a case of perforated giant diverticulum of the sigmoid colon. This condition is extremely rare and only a few cases have so far been reported in the literature. Our case involved a 55-year old woman. Diagnosis was easy with barium enema and CT scan examination. Laparotomy revealed a giant diverticulum of the sigmoid colon compressing adjacent structures with signs of inflammation. An en bloc resection of the sigmoid colon, ovary and fallopian tube was performed with primary colon-rectal anastomosis.The post-operative course was uneventful.     

Stercoral perforation of the colon in sigmoid colostomy patients: Two case reports

INTRODUCTIONStercoral perforation of the colon has rarely been reported. Only 3 cases of stercoral perforation of the colon proximal to an end colostomy have been reported. We present two cases of stercoral perforation of the colon in end colostomy patients.PRESENTATION OF CASEA 70-year-old man who had undergone abdomino-perineal excision for anal cancer was referred for left lower quadrant pain and fever. Stercoral perforation was discovered along the distal descending colon, proximal to the end sigmoid colostomy. The patient underwent segmental resection of the colon and revision of the stoma and was discharged on postoperative day 32. A 71-year-old woman who had undergone abdomino-perineal excision for distal rectal cancer with preoperative chemoradiation presented fever with 2 days of low abdominal pain. The patient had sacral bone and lung metastases from rectal cancer and suffered from chronic constipation. Stercoral perforation was found around the sigmoid colon, just proximal to the end sigmoid colostomy. The patient underwent simple repair of the perforated colon through the parastomal incision. On postoperative day 8, leakage occurred at the repair site. Segmental resection of the colon and revision of the stoma were performed. She was discharged 44 days after the initial surgery.DISCUSSIONSegmental resection of the perforated colon, rather than simple repair, appears to improve postoperative outcomes.CONCLUSIONAs the number of cancer survivors increases, appropriate management of constipation is important to prevent stercoral perforation during follow-up.